Post-stroke depression （PSD） represents a common and debilitating complication following stroke， substantially impeding neurorehabilitation outcomes and exerting a profound negative impact on patients' quality of life， while concurrently contributing to increased mortality rates. Despite a growing understanding of PSD， contemporary clinical management continues to encounter multifaceted challenges. This systematic review synthesizes extant literature to delineate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PSD and to identify evidence-based interventions. By establishing a theoretical foundation， it aims to optimize early diagnostic protocols and personalized therapeutic regimens， thereby enhancing rehabilitation and therapeutic outcomes in stroke patients. Through rigorous evaluation of 14 original studies， this analysis comprehensively examines genetic factors， neurobiological aberrations， immunological factors， and psychosocial stressors contributing to PSD onset and progression， offering critical insights for developing comprehensive treatment strategies.［Funded by Science and Technology Plan Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology （number， 202101AY070001-048）］

Depression is a severe mental illness. Although existing antidepressant medications have shown efficacy in many patients, a significant proportion show poor responses to current treatments, necessitating the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Photobiomodulation (PBM), an emerging physical therapy, has recently shown promising efficacy in the treatment of depression, as indicated by two systematic reviews, and is characterized by high safety and good tolerability. However, challenges remain in areas such as light delivery techniques and optimization of treatment parameters. This review summarizes the antidepressant mechanisms of PBM, various methods of light transmission, and recent research progress on its application in the treatment of depression. It also discusses issues related to safety, tolerability, and impact of specific parameters, aiming to provide insights and recommendations for future research on PBM as a therapy for depression.

Objective:To investigate the mechanisms of baicalin in treating septic acute liver injury through a combination of network pharmacology and animal experiments.Methods:Thirty male C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks old) were divided into five groups ( n=6): control group (normal saline), model group [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection], low-dose baicalin group (10 mg/kg), high-dose baicalin group (20 mg/kg), and baicalin-only group (20 mg/kg, without LPS). Baicalin was administered orally for 14 consecutive days prior to modeling. Mice were sacrificed 24 h after LPS injection. Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase liver tissue histopathology were measured; neutrophil infiltration was visualized using immunofluorescence; mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected by RT-qPCR; and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phosphorylated nuclear factor (NF)-κB proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Results:In the LPS model group, the ALT, AST, and histopathological injury score were (148.60±22.02) U/L, (81.58±11.59) U/L, and 8.50(7.75, 9.25), respectively. These indicators were significantly reduced in the high-dose baicalin group with (77.90±16.79) U/L, (49.92±14.89) U/L, and 1.00(1.00, 2.25) (all P<0.05). Compared with the LPS group, neutrophil infiltration in the liver of high-dose baicalin group was also significantly reduced [1.18%(0.98%, 1.22%) vs. 6.13%(5.41%, 8.69%), P<0.05]. RT-qPCR results showed that the relative mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β [(1.03±0.06) vs. (2.60±0.34)], IL-17 [(1.21±0.12) vs. (2.94 ± 0.39)], IL-6 [(1.37±0.26) vs. (2.73±0.18)], and TNF-α [(1.18±0.10) vs. (3.30±0.92)] were significantly decreased in the high-dose baicalin group compared with the LPS group (all P<0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that the relative protein expression levels of TLR4 [(1.25±0.13) vs. (1.73±0.06)] and phosphorylated NF-κB [(1.25±0.25) vs. (1.79±0.12)] were also significantly lower in the high-dose baicalin group (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Baicalin reduces liver injury in septic mice by downregula-ting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17, potentially through the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

BackgroundWith the exacerbation of population aging， the number of elderly patients with mental disorders has increased significantly. The high prevalence of pulmonary infection in the aging population has largely contributed to the increased medical burdens and mortality rate， so preventing pulmonary infection in elderly patients with mental disorders has become a critical challenge in clinical practice. www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO注册号：CRD42024553735 ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of pulmonary infection in elderly patients with mental disorders， so as to provide references for preventing the occurrence of pulmonary infection in this population. MethodsOn July 1， 2024， computer searches of CNKI， China Biomedical Literature Database （CBM）， Wanfang， PubMed， Web of Science， Embase， Cochrane Library and Ovid were conducted from the inception of each database to June 2024. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening， data extraction and quality assessment. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. ResultsA total of 17 literature （14 in Chinese， 3 in English） involving 75 724 elderly patients with mental disorders were included. Meta analysis revealed that the incidence rate of pulmonary infection in elderly patients with mental disorders was 20.8% （95% CI： 0.154~0.263）. Subgroup analysis indicated that the incidence rates of pulmonary infection among patients with dementia， schizophrenia， depression and unspecified mental disorders were 21.9% （95% CI： 0.182~0.256）， 20.6% （95% CI： 0.129~0.283）， 18.4% （95% CI： 0.136~0.232） and 5.2% （95% CI： 0.430~0.062）， respectively. In terms of influencing factors， the following were identified as risk factors for pulmonary infection in elderly patients with mental disorders： comorbid diabetes mellitus （OR=1.29， 95% CI： 1.24~1.34）， prolonged bed rest （OR=2.41， 95% CI： 2.10~2.76）， dysphagia （OR=1.76， 95% CI： 1.53~2.03）， smoking history （OR=6.27， 95% CI： 5.97~6.59）， irrational use of antibiotics （OR=2.10， 95% CI： 1.79~2.45）， hypoalbuminemia （OR=1.57， 95% CI： 1.35~1.83）， duration of illness （OR=2.05， 95% CI： 1.79~2.36）， age （OR=9.04， 95% CI： 8.44~9.68）， length of hospital stay （OR=2.68， 95% CI： 1.65~4.34）， use of proton pump inhibitors （OR=1.10， 95% CI： 1.06~1.14）， history of chronic lung disease （OR=1.50， 95% CI： 1.43~1.57）， poor oral hygiene （OR=3.66， 95% CI： 1.01~13.23）， comorbid tumors （OR=3.12， 95% CI： 2.18~4.48）， more than two somatic complications （OR=4.01， 95% CI： 1.08~14.86）， invasive procedures （OR=3.31， 95% CI： 1.81~6.04） and disorders of consciousness （OR=5.57， 95% CI： 2.18~14.24）. ConclusionElderly patients with mental disorders suffer a relatively high prevalence rate of pulmonary infection， and its prevalence rate varies among different types of mental disorders， with the highest rate being observed in patients with dementia. The factors contributing to the development of pulmonary infection are found to include age， duration of illness， smoking history， comorbid somatic complications， dysphagia， disorders of consciousness， hypoalbuminemia， prolonged bed rest， oral hygiene status， irrational use of antibiotics， use of proton pump inhibitor， length of hospital stay and invasive procedures. ［www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO number： CRD42024553735］

Depression is a chronic brain dysfunctional disease mainly due tomood disorders.Currently,the pathogenesis of depression is unclear,and its pathogenesis,pathophysiology and treatment have consistently been a major focus of academic research.This review provides an overview of the role of serum inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of depression.The inflammatory factor pathway provides a theoretical basis for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods for depression.It is expected to provide accurate personalized treatment for patients with depression through the treatment of inflammatory factors,improve the treatment outcomest,and reduce the risk of disease progression.

Depression is a chronic brain dysfunctional disease mainly due tomood disorders.Currently,the pathogenesis of depression is unclear,and its pathogenesis,pathophysiology and treatment have consistently been a major focus of academic research.This review provides an overview of the role of serum inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of depression.The inflammatory factor pathway provides a theoretical basis for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods for depression.It is expected to provide accurate personalized treatment for patients with depression through the treatment of inflammatory factors,improve the treatment outcomest,and reduce the risk of disease progression.

Depression is a severe mental illness. Although existing antidepressant medications have shown efficacy in many patients, a significant proportion show poor responses to current treatments, necessitating the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Photobiomodulation (PBM), an emerging physical therapy, has recently shown promising efficacy in the treatment of depression, as indicated by two systematic reviews, and is characterized by high safety and good tolerability. However, challenges remain in areas such as light delivery techniques and optimization of treatment parameters. This review summarizes the antidepressant mechanisms of PBM, various methods of light transmission, and recent research progress on its application in the treatment of depression. It also discusses issues related to safety, tolerability, and impact of specific parameters, aiming to provide insights and recommendations for future research on PBM as a therapy for depression.

Objective:To investigate the mechanisms of baicalin in treating septic acute liver injury through a combination of network pharmacology and animal experiments.Methods:Thirty male C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks old) were divided into five groups ( n=6): control group (normal saline), model group [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection], low-dose baicalin group (10 mg/kg), high-dose baicalin group (20 mg/kg), and baicalin-only group (20 mg/kg, without LPS). Baicalin was administered orally for 14 consecutive days prior to modeling. Mice were sacrificed 24 h after LPS injection. Alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase liver tissue histopathology were measured; neutrophil infiltration was visualized using immunofluorescence; mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected by RT-qPCR; and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phosphorylated nuclear factor (NF)-κB proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Results:In the LPS model group, the ALT, AST, and histopathological injury score were (148.60±22.02) U/L, (81.58±11.59) U/L, and 8.50(7.75, 9.25), respectively. These indicators were significantly reduced in the high-dose baicalin group with (77.90±16.79) U/L, (49.92±14.89) U/L, and 1.00(1.00, 2.25) (all P<0.05). Compared with the LPS group, neutrophil infiltration in the liver of high-dose baicalin group was also significantly reduced [1.18%(0.98%, 1.22%) vs. 6.13%(5.41%, 8.69%), P<0.05]. RT-qPCR results showed that the relative mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β [(1.03±0.06) vs. (2.60±0.34)], IL-17 [(1.21±0.12) vs. (2.94 ± 0.39)], IL-6 [(1.37±0.26) vs. (2.73±0.18)], and TNF-α [(1.18±0.10) vs. (3.30±0.92)] were significantly decreased in the high-dose baicalin group compared with the LPS group (all P<0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that the relative protein expression levels of TLR4 [(1.25±0.13) vs. (1.73±0.06)] and phosphorylated NF-κB [(1.25±0.25) vs. (1.79±0.12)] were also significantly lower in the high-dose baicalin group (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Baicalin reduces liver injury in septic mice by downregula-ting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17, potentially through the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness primarily managed with medication.In recent years,with the rapid development of virtual reality(VR)technology,its application effect in mental illness has been widely concerned.This review aims to explore the application of VR technology in schizophrenia treatment and to provide references for clinical practice.By reviewing randomized controlled trials from both domestic and international sources,the therapeutic efficacy of VR technology in treating schizophrenia was evaluated.The findings consistently demonstrated that VR technology has a positive effect on hallucinations,cognitive function,stress management and emotional control,and social function recovery in schizophrenia.

Objective:To explore the effects of online mindfulness-based stress reduction(MBSR)on the anxiety and depression status,and quality of life in the caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders.Methods:Ninety-three caregivers for patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder,who were hospitalized in Yunnan Provincial Mental Hospital in March 2021,were enrolled and randomly divided into control group(n=47)and MBSR intervention group(n=46).Both groups received basic health education and rehabilitation skill training,while the intervention group received additional online MBSR for 8 weeks.The anxiety and depression status,and the quality of life of the caregivers were evaluated by Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)before and 8 weeks after intervention,respectively.Results:Thirteen caregivers dropped out of the study,and 80 subjects(40 in each group)were included in the final analysis.At the baseline,there were no significant differences in SAS,SDS and SF-36 scores between two groups(all P>0.05).Compared with the baseline,SAS and SDS scores in the intervention group significantly decreased after 8 weeks of intervention(both P<0.01)and were significantly lower than those in the control group(both P<0.01).There were no significant changes in the control group(all P>0.05).Except the physiological function dimension,the total score and the scores of each dimension of SF-36 in the intervention group were significantly increased after 8-week intervention(all P<0.05),and were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.01).There were no significant changes in the control group before and after intervention(all P>0.05).Conclusion:Online MBSR can reduce the anxiety and depression levels,improve the quality of life in the caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders.