Objective:To construct a scientific research evaluation model through principal component analysis, and to explore scientific research evaluation methods for hospitals.Methods:The professional title, educational background, positions and scientific research output information of the scientific research personnel in the First Hospital of Jilin University from 2019 to 2020 were collected. Delphi expert consultation was used to determine the assignment value of each variable, and use SPSS 21.0 software was used to build the principal component analysis model and conduct model verification.Results:The study collected a total of 1 882 researchers′ information. The KMO value of the validity test and the Bartlett sphere test meet the requirements of principal component analysis (KMO=0.731, P<0.05); the model obtained a total of 7 principal components. Among them, principal component 1 represents researchers who published SCI papers, applying for national, provincial and ministerial level scientific research projects, and their part-time positions in academic societies. The second principal component represents the status of applying for patents and publications, and the third principal component represents the status of the awards. The scores of scientific research output of researchers were summarized and sorted according to disciplines, according to which the neurology, endocrinology and metabolism, neurosurgery, general surgery and orthopedics ranked better. The model verification results found that researchers with senior professional titles and doctoral degrees had the highest median weighted comprehensive score( P<0.05), suggesting that scholars with higher professional title levels and higher education received higher comprehensive scientific research output scores. Conclusions:The scientific research evaluation model constructed by this study can provide scientific data reference for the hospital scientific research evaluation.

Outbreak of COVID-19 is ongoing all over the world. Spine trauma is one of the most common types of trauma and will probably be encountered during the fight against COVID-19 and resumption of work and production. Patients with unstable spine fractures or continuous deterioration of neurological function require emergency surgery. The COVID-19 epidemic has brought tremendous challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of such patients. To coordinate the diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease prevention and spine trauma so as to formulate a rigorous diagnosis and treatment plan and to reduce the disability and mortality of the disease, multidisciplinary collaboration is needed. This expert consensus is formulated in order to (1) prevent and control the epidemic, (2) diagnose and treat patients with spine trauma reasonably, and (3) reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and medical personnel during the treatment.
Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Cross Infection ; prevention & control ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Pandemics ; prevention & control ; Patient Care Team ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Spinal Injuries ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Transportation of Patients

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by enterovirus in children. It has a high incidence and can cause fatal complications such as pulmonary edema, myocarditis and aseptic meningitis, seriously threatening the health of children. At present, some core problems such as the pathogenesis of disease, the relationship between different genotypes of pathogenic viruses, the pharmacodynamic evaluation methods, and the antiviral mechanism of drugs are still unclear. The construction of disease animal models with simulation performance of human exposure is the key to solve the above problems. Researchers both at home and abroad have established a variety of animal models for HFMD, of which enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) are most common and most widely used. Both EV71 and CA16 are enterovirus A in picornavirus family, so they have similarities in terms of pathogenicity, infection and replication characteristics, clinical symptoms caused by infection and immune response, but also have significant differences in age of susceptibility, method of infection, as well as neurotoxicity, clinical symptoms and signs, and degree of tissue and organ damage. Therefore, researchers shall select and establish proper animal models based on actual conditions, which is critical to the reliability of the results. In this paper, the different types of HFMD animal models established by EV71 and CA16 viruses were reviewed, especially on the species strains, virus strain types, infection methods, and characteristics of viral infections in each model, and the characteristics and clinical symptoms of HFMD induced by EV71 and CA16 were also investigated to provide reference for related research.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Chuankezhi injection on mouse model of pneumonia induced by influenza A (H1N1) FM1 strain. Method: ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, tamiflu control group (27.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) and Chuankezhi injection group (1.5 mL·kg^-1·d^-1). In the death protection experiment, mice were infected with 2×half lethal dose (LD₅₀) of influenza virus FM1.The Chuankezhi injection was given once a day for 4 days. The number of death animal within 14 days was counted. The mortality and the death protection rate were calculated. In the treatment experiment, mice were infected with 0.8×LD₅₀ of influenza virus, and the Chuankezhi injection was given once a day for 4 days. On the 5^th day after the infection, the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in lung, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and vasopressin (AVP) in brain were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The viral load of influenza virus in lung was tested by Real-time PCR. In the pre-treatment experiment, mice were given Chuankezhi injection once a day for 5 days. 1 hour after the last treatment, mice were infected with 0.8×LD₅₀ influenza virus. 4 days after the infection, the lung index, spleen index, thymus index, and viral load in lung tissue were calculated. Result: Compared with normal group, the IL-8, PGE₂ content, lung index and viral load in the lung tissue of model group were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, Treatment of Chuankezhi injection could reduce the rate of deaths. Significantly inhibit the level of IL-8, PGE₂, and the viral load of influenza(P<0.05,P<0.01). Pre-treatment of Chuankezhi injection could significantly increase the thymus index of infected mice(P<0.01), reduce lung index and the viral load of influenza(P<0.05). Both administration methods can significantly reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the bronchial, perivascular and alveolar interstitium and reduce the exudation of red blood cells in the lumen. Conclusion: Chuankezhi injection could effectively prevent the mouse model of pneumonia induced by influenza A (H1N1) virus. The mechanism might be related to the reduction of inflammation and inhibiting viral replication.

This research was performed to establish the HPLC fingerprint of Sabia parviflora. HPLC method was carried out on a Thermo Accucore-C18(4. 6 mm×150 mm,2. 6 μm) column by 30% tetrahydrofuran in methyl alcohol-acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphate solution as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1. 0 m L·min-1,the column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 360 nm. The fingerprints were further evaluated by chemometrics methods including similarity analysis,hierarchical clustering analysis,and principal component analysis. In HPLC fingerprint,15 common peaks were selected as the common peaks,and 6 contents of them were identified. The similarity degrees of 38 batches of the samples was more than 0. 710,and the samples were divided into 6 clusters by their quality difference. The method was precision,repeatable,stable,simple and reliable,which could be used for quality control and evaluation of S. parviflora.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cluster Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quality Control

BACKGROUNDPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and cytokines play an important role in occurrence and recovery of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency and function of pDC and serum cytokine network profiles in patients with acute or chronic HBV infection.

METHODSThe healthy individuals (HI group), hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic HBV patients in immune tolerance (IT) phase (IT group), HBeAg-positive chronic HBV patients (CHB group), and acute HBV patients (AHB group) were enrolled in this study. The frequency of cluster of differentiation antigen 86 (CD86) + pDC and the counts of CD86 molecular expressed on surface of pDC were tested by flow cytometer. The quantitative determinations of cytokines, including Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3L), interferon (IFN)-α2, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β2, were performed using Luminex multiplex technology.

RESULTSIn this study, there were 13 patients in HI group, 30 in IT group, 50 in CHB group, and 32 in AHB group. Compared with HI group, HBV infected group (including all patients in IT, CHB and AHB groups) had significantly higher counts of CD86 molecular expressed on the surface of pDC (4596.5 ± 896.5 vs. 7097.7 ± 3124.6; P < 0.001). The counts of CD86 molecular expressed on the surface of pDC in CHB group (7739.2 ± 4125.4) was significantly higher than that of IT group (6393.4 ± 1653.6, P = 0.043). Compared with IT group, the profile of cytokines of Flt-3L, IFN-γ, and IL-17A was decreased, IFN-α2 was significantly increased (P = 0.012) in CHB group. The contents of IL-10, TGF-β1, and TGF-β2 in AHB group were significantly increased compared with IT and CHB groups (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrated that the function of pDC was unaffected in HBV infection. The enhanced function of pDC and IFN-α2 might involve triggering the immune response from IT to hepatitis active phase in HBV infection. Acute patients mainly presented as down-regulation of the immune response by enhanced IL-10 and TGF-β.

Background: Cytokines play an important role in occurrence and recovery of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of cytokines concentration and its correlation to alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA), hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg), and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in the development of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: Thirteen healthy individuals (HI), 30 chronic HBV-infected patients in immune tolerant (IT) phase, and 55 CHB patients were enrolled between August 2015 and May 2017. The peripheral blood samples were collected from all individuals. The levels of interferon (IFN)-α2, interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, HBV-DNA, HBsAg, and HBeAg and liver function were measured. The quantitative determinations of cytokines levels, including IFN-α2, IL-10, and TGF-β1 were performed using Luminex multiplex technology. The correlation of cytokines to ALT, HBV-DNA, HBsAg, and HBeAg was analyzed by linear regression analysis. Results: IFN-α2 levels were similar between HI and IT groups (15.35 [5.70, 67.65] pg/ml vs. 15.24 [4.07, 30.73] pg/ml, Z = -0.610, P = 0.542), while it elevated significantly in CHB group (35.29 [15.94, 70.15] pg/ml vs. 15.24 [4.07, 30.73] pg/ml; Z = -2.522, P = 0.012). Compared with HI group (3.73 [2.98, 11.92] pg/ml), IL-10 concentrations in IT group (5.02 [2.98, 10.11] pg/ml), and CHB group (7.48 [3.10, 18.00] pg/ml) slightly increased (χ = 2.015, P = 0.365), and there was no significant difference between IT and CHB group (Z = -1.419, P = 0.156). The TGF-β1 levels among HI (3.59 ± 0.20 pg/ml), IT (3.62 ± 0.55 pg/ml), and CHB groups (3.64 ± 0.30 pg/ml) were similar (χ = 2.739, P = 0.254). In all chronic HBV-infected patients (including patients in IT and CHB groups), the elevation of IFN-α2 level was significantly associated with ALT level (β= 0.389, t = 2.423, P = 0.018), and was also negatively correlated to HBV-DNA load (β = -0.358, t = -2.308, P = 0.024), HBsAg (β = -0.359, t = -2.288, P = 0.025), and HBeAg contents (β = -0.355, t = -2.258, P = 0.027). However, when both ALT level and cytokines were included as independent variable, HBV-DNA load, HBsAg, and HBeAg contents were only correlated to ALT level (β = -0.459, t = -4.225, P = 0.000; β = -0.616, t = -6.334, P = 0.000; and β = -0.290, t = -2.433, P = 0.018; respectively). Conclusions IFN-α2 elevation was associated with ALT level in patients with chronic HBV infection. However, in CHB patients, only ALT level was correlated to HBV-DNA, HBsAg and HBeAg contents.
Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Antigens, Surface ; Case-Control Studies ; Cytokines ; blood ; DNA, Viral ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the efficacy of biphasic insulin aspart 50(BIAsp50)twice daily(bid) versusbiphasichumaninsulin50(BHI50)(bid)plusmetforminonbloodglucosecontrolfollowingastandardmealtest in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods A randomized, open-label, 2-sequence, crossover trial for two 4-week treatment periods was conducted in 14 Chines institutes. Eligible subjects inadequately controlled with BHI50(bid)plus metformin were randomized to two sequences in a 1 : 1 ratio(A:BIAsp50-BHI50, B:BHI50-BIAsp50 ) . Standard meal tests were performed at baseline and the ends of two periods within 4 weeks. Primary endpoint was 2h postprandial plasma glucose ( PPG) increment following standard meal test, with insulin dose standardized at 0. 3 IU/kg. Results A total of 161 subjects were randomized into two sequences(81 to sequence A, and 80 to sequence B) and finally analysed. After 4 weeks of treatment, mean 2h PPG increment with BIAsp50 was lower than that with BHI50 [ treatment difference of BIAsp50 vs BHI50: -1. 12 mmol/L ( 95% CI-1. 66,-0. 58), P<0. 01], suggesting superiority of BIAsp50 over BHI50. Incremental area under the curve for PPG(0-2 h)with BIAsp50 was lower than that with BHI50 [treatment difference:-38. 8 mmol·L-1·min-1(95%CI-77. 3,-0. 26), P=0. 049], as was the mean 2h PPG [treatment difference:-0. 58 mmol/L(95% CI -1. 13,-0. 03), P=0. 040]. The FPG value with BIAsp50 was higher than that with BHI50 [treatment difference:0. 52 mmol/L(95%CI 0. 18, 0. 86), P=0. 003]. The rate of nocturnal hypoglycemia with BIAsp50 was lower than that with BHI50(1. 13 vs 2. 86 events per subject year, P<0. 01). Conclusion In patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with BHI50 plus metformin, BIAsp50 was proven to be well-tolerated with improved postprandial glucose control compared with BHI50.

This study was purposed to investigate the expressions of miR-21, miR-155 and miR-210 in plasma of patients with lymphoma, and explore their role played in diagnosis, evaluation of chemotherapy effect and prognosis of lymphoma. The expressions of miR-21, miR-155 and miR-210 were assayed by RT-PCR in plasma of 54 cases of lymphoma, 10 cases of lymphonode inflammation and 27 cases of normal controls. The results indicated that the expressions of miR-21, miR-155 and miR-210 in plasma of lymphoma patients were higher than those of control group and lymphonode inflammation group (P < 0.05). The expressions of miR-21 and miR-210 in plasma of control group and lymphonode inflammation group had no significant differences (P > 0.05). The expression of miR-21 in plasma of lymphoma patient group significantly correlated with their serum LDH level. The expressions of miR-21 and miR-210 in plasma of previously untreated lymphoma patient group were higher than those of the patients treated for 6 or more courses (P < 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of miR-21, miR-155 and miR-210 used for lymphoma patients was 56, 65, 48 respectively, and reached to 83 when combined three of them. It is concluded that the expressions of miR-21, miR-155 and miR-210 in plasma of lymphoma patients were significantly higher. Detection of these 3 miRNA in plasma of patients can contribute to the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of lymphoma.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; blood ; diagnosis ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Plasma ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Young Adult