Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Objective To understand mosquito density, species composition, and seasonal variations around the Beijing Capital International Airport(BCIA)and provide scientific evidence for mosquito-borne disease prevention and control. Methods Meteorological data were collected from 2016 to 2022, and mosquito density was monitored at seven surveillance sites around the BCIA from May to October each year using CO2-baited mosquito traps to analyze the relationship between mosquito density and meteorological factors. Results In total,68 518 female mosquitoes were captured, with a mosquito density of 10.20 per light · hour. The dominant species was Culex pipiens pallens(73.90%), followed by Aedes albopictus(9.71%)and Ae. vexans(9.29%);the mosquito density was highest in 2016(14.8 per light·hour)and lowest in 2022(4.46 per light·hour). Significant statistical differences were observed in mosquito density among different species(F=18.118, P<0.05). The density of Cx. pipiens pallens and other mosquito species showed a mutually exclusive trend; the peak of mosquito density varied based on years and habitats, with significant statistical differences in mosquito density among different habitats(F=8.504, P<0.05). The highest mosquito density was observed near the Wenyu River(21.50 per light·hour), whereas the lowest was recorded at the BCIA construction site(2.44 per light· hour). The monthly average temperature(r=0.595), monthly average highest temperature(r=0.575), and monthly average lowest temperature(r=0.624)showed moderate positive correlations, whereas the monthly average air pressure(r=-0.484)showed a moderate negative correlation. The monthly average minimum temperature was included in the regression model(F=25.575, P<0.000), and the equation Y=1.029X4-8.181 was used. The monthly average air pressure 2 months prior(b=-2.418, β=-1.619, P<0.05)and the monthly average relative humidity(b=-0.739, β=-1.201, P<0.05)significantly negatively predicted the mosquito density. Notably, the regression equation used was y=2526.170+(-2.418)X9+(-0.739)X13. The exposure-response analysis revealed that the density of mosquitoes was not linearly related to the average monthly air pressure, rainfall, and duration of sunshine. Conclusions The dominant mosquito species around the BCIA was Cx. pipiens pallens, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. vexans. During the control of Cx. pipiens pallens, the impact on other mosquito species must also be considered. Environmental management, breeding sites, and scientific use of pesticides should be prioritized based on the activity periods of mosquitoes. Further studies on mosquitoes and meteorological factors should be conducted to provide references and novel avenues for mosquito control.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of Modified Yupingfeng Nasal Spray （玉屏风加味鼻喷剂， MYNS） on nasal mucosal tissue remodeling in allergic rhinitis （AR） model rats based on the Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway. MethodsThe chemical constituents of MYNS were identified and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were integrated to identify the potential targets and signaling pathways of MYNS in the treatment of AR， and to verify the crucial role of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Forty rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， MYNS group， and mometasone furoate nasal spray group， with 10 rats per group. Except for the blank group， the AR rat model was established by ovalbumin （OVA） induction. After successful modeling， rats in the MYNS group received an intranasal instillation of 50 μl of MYNS at concentration of 1.05 g·ml^-¹ in each nostril， while the mometasone furoate nasal spray group received 50 μl of corresponding spray per nostril， and the model group received 50 μl of normal saline per nostril. Treatments were administered once daily. After 14 consecutive days of intervention， the frequencies of nosal scratching and sneezing in rats within 15 minutes were recorded. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to assess morphological changes in the nasal mucosa and perform pathological scoring. Masson staining was used to evaluate collagen fiber deposition in nasal mucosal tissue and calculate the collagen volume fraction （CVF）. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） staining was performed to detect apoptosis in nasal mucosal cells and record the number of apoptotic cells. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin （E-Cad） in the nasal mucosa. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the serum levels of interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， histamine （HIS）， immunoglobulin E （IgE）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and malondialdehyde （MDA）. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of mitochondria in nasal mucosal epithelial cells. Flow cytometry was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） and reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels. Western Blot was used to determine the protein expression levels of collagen Ⅲ （Collagen Ⅲ）， α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， Caspase-3， JAK2， phosphorylated JAK2 （p-JAK2）， STAT3， and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （p-STAT3）. ResultsA total of 626 chemical constituents were identified by LC-MS/MS. Network pharmacology screening identified 450 active ingredients. Nine intersecting components and 39 drug-AR intersecting targets were obtained. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated the involvement of signaling pathways including JAK2/STAT3. The animal experimental results showed that， compared with the blank group， rats in the model group exhibited significantly increased frequencies of nasal scratching and sneezing， as well as elevated CVF and the number of apoptotic cells， while the levels of E-Cad， MMP， and serum IFN-γ and SOD significantly decreased； meanwhile， the serum levels of IL-4， IgE， HIS， ROS， and MDA， along with the protein expression levels of Collagen Ⅲ， α-SMA， Bax， Caspase-3， p-JAK2， and p-STAT3 in the nasal mucosa， significantly increased （P＜0.05）， accompanied by aggravated pathological damage in the nasal mucosa， increased collagen fiber deposition， and abnormal mitochondrial morphology. Compared to the model group， rats in the MYNS group showed improvements in all the aforementioned indicators except for HIS （P＜0.05）， and those in the mometasone furoate nasal spray group showed improvements in all indicators except for IL-4， IgE， and SOD levels （P＜0.05）. ConclusionThe mechanism of MYNS in treating AR may be related to inhibiting the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway， reducing inflammatory responsesand oxidative stress， ameliorating mitochondrial damage， and suppressing nasal mucosal cell apoptosis， thereby improving nasal mucosal tissue pathological remodeling.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of Modified Yupingfeng Nasal Spray （玉屏风加味鼻喷剂， MYNS） on nasal mucosal tissue remodeling in allergic rhinitis （AR） model rats based on the Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway. MethodsThe chemical constituents of MYNS were identified and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were integrated to identify the potential targets and signaling pathways of MYNS in the treatment of AR， and to verify the crucial role of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Forty rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， MYNS group， and mometasone furoate nasal spray group， with 10 rats per group. Except for the blank group， the AR rat model was established by ovalbumin （OVA） induction. After successful modeling， rats in the MYNS group received an intranasal instillation of 50 μl of MYNS at concentration of 1.05 g·ml^-¹ in each nostril， while the mometasone furoate nasal spray group received 50 μl of corresponding spray per nostril， and the model group received 50 μl of normal saline per nostril. Treatments were administered once daily. After 14 consecutive days of intervention， the frequencies of nosal scratching and sneezing in rats within 15 minutes were recorded. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to assess morphological changes in the nasal mucosa and perform pathological scoring. Masson staining was used to evaluate collagen fiber deposition in nasal mucosal tissue and calculate the collagen volume fraction （CVF）. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） staining was performed to detect apoptosis in nasal mucosal cells and record the number of apoptotic cells. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin （E-Cad） in the nasal mucosa. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the serum levels of interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， histamine （HIS）， immunoglobulin E （IgE）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and malondialdehyde （MDA）. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of mitochondria in nasal mucosal epithelial cells. Flow cytometry was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） and reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels. Western Blot was used to determine the protein expression levels of collagen Ⅲ （Collagen Ⅲ）， α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， Caspase-3， JAK2， phosphorylated JAK2 （p-JAK2）， STAT3， and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （p-STAT3）. ResultsA total of 626 chemical constituents were identified by LC-MS/MS. Network pharmacology screening identified 450 active ingredients. Nine intersecting components and 39 drug-AR intersecting targets were obtained. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated the involvement of signaling pathways including JAK2/STAT3. The animal experimental results showed that， compared with the blank group， rats in the model group exhibited significantly increased frequencies of nasal scratching and sneezing， as well as elevated CVF and the number of apoptotic cells， while the levels of E-Cad， MMP， and serum IFN-γ and SOD significantly decreased； meanwhile， the serum levels of IL-4， IgE， HIS， ROS， and MDA， along with the protein expression levels of Collagen Ⅲ， α-SMA， Bax， Caspase-3， p-JAK2， and p-STAT3 in the nasal mucosa， significantly increased （P＜0.05）， accompanied by aggravated pathological damage in the nasal mucosa， increased collagen fiber deposition， and abnormal mitochondrial morphology. Compared to the model group， rats in the MYNS group showed improvements in all the aforementioned indicators except for HIS （P＜0.05）， and those in the mometasone furoate nasal spray group showed improvements in all indicators except for IL-4， IgE， and SOD levels （P＜0.05）. ConclusionThe mechanism of MYNS in treating AR may be related to inhibiting the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway， reducing inflammatory responsesand oxidative stress， ameliorating mitochondrial damage， and suppressing nasal mucosal cell apoptosis， thereby improving nasal mucosal tissue pathological remodeling.

Objective To investigate the species composition, distribution, density, and pathogen-carrying status of host-seeking ticks in urban environments of Jiangsu Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of tick-borne diseases in urban settings. Methods From April to September 2023, a survey on host-seeking ticks was conducted in three types of habitats (city parks, residential areas, and street greenbelts) across 54 counties (cities, districts) of 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province by using the flagging method. RStudio 4.4.3 (Windows version) was employed to perform chi-square test analysis on the species composition of ticks across different months, and Friedman test (for multiple paired samples) was applied to analyze monthly changes in the average tick density index among different habitats. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect pathogens in the captured ticks. Results A total of 863 host-seeking ticks were captured from 54 habitats in 24 counties (cities, districts) of 11 prefecture-level cities (Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou, Nantong, Huai'an, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Taizhou, and Suqian) in Jiangsu Province, whereas no ticks were captured in Xuzhou and Lianyungang. The collected ticks belonged to three species, with Haemaphysalis longicornis being the dominant species (accounting for 82.62%), followed by Haemaphysalis flava and Hae. phasiana. The average density index of ticks in positive habitats was 3.20 ticks/ (flag·100 m). In terms of tick density among prefecture-level cities, Wuxi had the highest density[13.55 ticks/(flag·100 m)], whereas Nanjing and Taizhou had the lowest[both,0.20 ticks/(flag·100 m)]. With respect to the types of positive habitats,46 positive city parks,7 positive residential areas, and 1 positive street greenbelt were found, with the average tick density index being 3.46, 1.86, and 3.60 ticks/flag · 100 m, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in the monthly variations in the average tick density index among different habitats (P＞0.05). Pathogen detection showed no Bandavirus dabieense, Rickettsia, or Borrelia burgdorferi in the collected ticks. Conclusions Host-seeking ticks have established populations in urban environments across most prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province, with Hae. longicornis identified as the dominant species. City parks serve as the primary breeding habitats for these ticks. Strengthening tick surveillance and control measures in densely populated and frequently visited areas, such as city parks and residential neighborhoods, is crucial for the effective prevention and control of urban tick-borne diseases.

The accumulation of uremic toxins such as urea nitrogen, blood creatinine, and uric acid of patients with renal failure in vivo would lead to aggravated kidney damage. In this study, coated aldehyde oxy-starch (CAO) was used as an adsorbent to investigate its in vitro adsorption performance on renal failure indexes for urea, indoxyl sulfate (INS), monomethylamine (MMA), dimethylamine (DMA), uric acid (UA), and creatinine (Cr). The effects of variables such as pH, temperature, concentration, dosage, and time on the adsorption capacity of CAO were systematically investigated, employing analytical techniques of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). The results revealed that CAO exhibited a strong adsorption capacity for urea, INS, and MMA, alongside a moderate adsorption capacity for DMA, UA, and Cr. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of urea and UA by CAO were fitted in pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the adsorption isotherm aligned with the Freundlich adsorption model. The enthalpy change ΔH of urea in adsorption was in the range of 40 to 60 kJ·mol^-1, which demonstrated the presence of strong adsorption force due to the interactions of coordinating groups. The ΔH of UA was greater than 80 kJ·mol^-1, indicating the generation of chemical bonds during the adsorption. Both of them, Gibbs free energy ΔG was less than 0, within the range of -20 to 0 kJ·mol^-1, suggested that the adsorption of urea and UA by CAO occurred spontaneously as physical adsorption process. The adsorption entropy ΔS of urea and UA was > 0, which indicated an increase in entropy throughout the adsorption. The infrared spectroscopygram showed the formation of a chemical bond, specifically the imine bond, following the adsorption of urea by CAO, thereby indicating a chemical reaction during the adsorption. This study elucidates the adsorption mechanism of CAO on various indexes of renal failure, providing a scientific basis for its clinical usage.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Objective Methyltransferase 3(METTL3)mediated N6-methyladenosine(m6A)methylation modifica-tion of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7(TRPM7)regulates ferroptosis and malig-nant progression in cervical cancer(CESC).Methods Totally 40 patients with cervical cancer were collected.Cer-vical cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues(≥3 cm from the edge of the tumor tissue)were sampled at opera-tion and then divided into experimental group and control group,respectively.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the differences in TRPM7 mRNA and protein expression between the two groups.TRPM7-interfering cell lines were constructed to investigate the effects of TRPM7 on CESC cells.Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Transwell chamber assays were employed to evaluate cell invasion and migration capabilities.The levels of ferroptosis in CESC cells were measured using kits for reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),and Fe2+.Bioinformatics tools were utilized to predict methyltransferases associated with TRPM7.The interaction between METTL3 and TRPM7 was examined through RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)and methylated RNA immunoprecip-itation quantitative PCR(Me-RIP qPCR).The effect of METTL3 on the stability of TRPM7 expression was assessed using actinomycin D assay.Results TRPM7 was highly expressed in CESC tissue and cells.Knockdown of TRPM7 significantly inhibited cell proliferation,promoted cell apoptosis,suppressed cell migration and invasion capabilities,and enhanced ferroptosis levels(P＜0.05).Bioinformatics predictions suggested that METTL3 might act as a methyltransferase for TRPM7.Interference with METTL3 gene expression significantly reduced TRPM7 pro-tein levels,decreased TRPM7 m6A modification levels,and impaired TRPM7 gene stability(P＜0.05).Conclusions METTL3 regulates CESC proliferation,apoptosis,migration,invasion,and ferroptosis by m6A meth-ylation modification of the TRPM7 gene.

Objective The aim of the study is to reveal the polymorphisms of Eustrongylides spp.in Monopterus albus.Methods A total of five Eustrongylides spp.collected from five M.albus in the Yongzhou area were sampled to amplify ribosomal ITS sequence by PCR in vitro,then sequenced after extracting the DNA templates of Eustrongylides.The phylogenetic tree based on the ITS sequence was also constructed to explore the evolutionary history of Eustrongylides.Results The length of the ITS sequence of the five Eustrongylides spp.is approximately 933 bp,and the genetic differences between the isolates are 0.00％-0.90％and the genetic inheritance differences with other nematodes are 15.5％-18.20％,maintaining a certain genetic distance from other families.Conclusions The ITS sequence of Eustrongylides spp.in M.albus will be used as a genetic marker for the molecular identification of Eustrongylides spp.and will provide a basis for the prevention and control of Eustrongylides spp.in the future.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel intravascular lithotripsy(IVL)balloon—Vesscrack shockwave balloon—for vascular preparation before stent implantation in patients with severe coronary artery calcification(CAC).Methods This was a prospective,single-arm,multicenter study conducted in China from June 2022 to October 2022.Patients with severe CAC were treated with the Vesscrack shockwave balloon for lesion preparation,followed by drug-eluting stent(DES)implantation.Of these,33 patients underwent optical coherence tomography(OCT).The primary endpoint was procedural success,defined as successful stent implantation with residual stenosis≤30％and the absence of in-hospital major adverse events,including cardiac death,target vessel-related myocardial infarction,or target lesion revascularization.Results A total of 170 patients[mean age:(65.9±7.9)years,116 males]were enrolled.After treatment with IVL and DES,the minimum lumen diameter increased significantly compared to baseline[(2.34±0.40)mm vs.(0.95±0.33)mm,P＜0.001],the degree of stenosis was significantly reduced[(13.24±6.60)％vs.(65.18±10.59)％,P＜0.001].Procedural success was achieved in 100％of cases,and device success was 98.8％.The 30-day patient-related cardiovascular clinical composite endpoint(POCE)rate was 0.0,with no target lesion failure,no confirmed or potential thrombotic events were observed.The shockwave energy generator demonstrated excellent stability and ease of use.Among the 33 patients assessed with OCT,after IVL intervention,the maximum calcified area of the lumen[(3.51±1.51)mm2 vs.(2.85±1.80)mm2,P＜0.001],and the minimum lumen area within the target lesion[(3.08±1.04)mm2 vs.(2.02±0.75)mm2,P＜0.001],and after DES intervention,the luminal area of the largest calcified site[(6.59±1.64)mm2 vs.(2.85±1.80)mm2,P＜0.001]and the minimum luminal area within the target lesion[(6.19±1.45)mm2 vs.(2.02±0.75)mm2,P＜0.001]were significantly increased,and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusions The Vesscrack shockwave balloon is effective and safe for vascular preparation in patients with severe CAC prior to stent implantation.It achieves significant calcified plaque modification,high procedural success rates,and minimal complications.