Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a central neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment in clinical. Currently, there are no effective treatments for AD. In recent years, a variety of therapeutic approaches from different perspectives have been explored to treat AD. Although the drug therapies targeted at the clearance of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) had made a breakthrough in clinical trials, there were associated with adverse events. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of AD. Continuous neuroinflammatory was considered to be the third major pathological feature of AD, which could promote the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. At the same time, these toxic substances could accelerate the development of neuroinflammation, form a vicious cycle, and exacerbate disease progression. Reducing neuroinflammation could break the feedback loop pattern between neuroinflammation, Aβ plaque deposition and Tau tangles, which might be an effective therapeutic strategy for treating AD. Traditional Chinese herbs such as Polygonum multiflorum and Curcuma were utilized in the treatment of AD due to their ability to mitigate neuroinflammation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and indomethacin had been shown to reduce the level of inflammasomes in the body, and taking these drugs was associated with a low incidence of AD. Biosynthetic nanomaterials loaded with oxytocin were demonstrated to have the capability to anti-inflammatory and penetrate the blood-brain barrier effectively, and they played an anti-inflammatory role via sustained-releasing oxytocin in the brain. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells could reduce neuroinflammation and inhibit the activation of microglia. The secretion of mesenchymal stem cells could not only improve neuroinflammation, but also exert a multi-target comprehensive therapeutic effect, making it potentially more suitable for the treatment of AD. Enhancing the level of TREM2 in microglial cells using gene editing technologies, or application of TREM2 antibodies such as Ab-T1, hT2AB could improve microglial cell function and reduce the level of neuroinflammation, which might be a potential treatment for AD. Probiotic therapy, fecal flora transplantation, antibiotic therapy, and dietary intervention could reshape the composition of the gut microbiota and alleviate neuroinflammation through the gut-brain axis. However, the drugs of sodium oligomannose remain controversial. Both exercise intervention and electromagnetic intervention had the potential to attenuate neuroinflammation, thereby delaying AD process. This article focuses on the role of drug therapy, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, gut microbiota therapy, exercise intervention, and brain stimulation in improving neuroinflammation in recent years, aiming to provide a novel insight for the treatment of AD by intervening neuroinflammation in the future.

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus in severe acute respiratory tract infection (SARI) cases in Jingzhou City, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of influenza prevention and control policies in Jingzhou City. MethodsSARI surveillance was carried out in two sentinel hospitals in Jingzhou City from 2018 to 2023. Respiratory tract samples were collected from cases and influenza virus nucleic acid was measured using real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ResultsA total of 2 603 SARI samples were tested from 2018 to 2023, and 338 samples were positive for influenza virus nucleic acid, with a detection rate of 12.99%. The highest positive detection rate was 20.22% in 2019, followed by 14.29% in 2022, and the lowest detection rate was 7.75% in 2020. There were significant differences for the positive detection rates of influenza in each monitoring year (χ²=30.386, P<0.001). There were epidemic peaks in the five surveillance years from 2018 to 2023 except 2020. There were winter epidemic peaks during 2018‒2019 and 2021‒2022, and an obvious summer epidemic peak was also observed from 2019 to 2022. H1N1, H3N2, B-Victoria and B-Yamagata were alternately prevalent in the six surveillance years. In 2019, H1N1, H3N2 and B-Victoria were alternately prevalent with time progress, in 2021 only B-Victoria was prevalent, and in 2022 H3N2 and B-Victoria were prevalent. There was no statistically significant difference for the positive detection rates of influenza virus between different genders (χ²=0.178, P=0.673). Among the four age groups, the positive rate of influenza virus in the age group of 15‒<25 years old was the highest (40.91%), followed by the age group of 25‒<60 years old (21.31%). There were statistically significant differences for the positive rates of influenza virus among different age groups (χ²=24.496, P<0.001). ConclusionThe surveillance of SARI cases in Jingzhou City could serve as an effective supplement to the surveillance of ILI in sentinel hospitals. It is suggested to expand the surveillance scope, strengthen public education and outreach on the prevention and control of respiratory diseases, thereby providing a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control.

Objective To propose a dynamic electrical impedance tomography imaging algorithm based on complementary information fusion network(CIFN)to enhance image quality of dynamic electrical impedance imaging.Methods There were three modules for initialization,multi-frame complementary information extraction and information fusion involved in the CIFN.Firstly,multi-frame dynamic conductivity distribution images were obtained by the initialization module;secondly,spatial complementary information was extracted from the images by using the multi-frame complementary information extraction module;finally,the fusion of lesion target distribution information and target re-reconstruction were realized by the information fusion module to aquire high-quality EIT images.With a 16-electrode multilayer cranial simulation model,the CIFN-based imaging method was compared with Tikhonov regularization algorithm,spectral constraint algorithm and U-Net algorithm in terms of imaging results of types of lesions to verify its performance.Results Compared with the Tikhonov regularization algorithm,spectral constraint algorithm and U-Net algorithm,the proposed CIFN-based algorithm exhibited the lowest mean absolute error(MAE)and the highest structural similarity(SSIM)when used to image different lesion targets,which accurately reconstructed the distribution of lesion targets and gained high imaging stability under common noise levels.Conclusion The proposed CIFN-based imaging algorithm obtains high imaging quality on a cranial simulation model and reconstruction results close to the real model distribution,which provides algorithmic support for subsequent clinical studies on electrical impedance imaging.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):1-6]

Objective:To explore the development context and evolution mechanism of family doctor contract service mode in rural areas,and provide reference for relevant departments to continuously optimize the family doctor contract service policy.Methods:Based on the principle of theoretical sampling,J City in S Province,which is listed as one of the national primary health comprehensive pilot areas,was selected as the case study object,and the data were collected through interviews and literature review,and then grounded and coded with NVivo11 software.Results:74 initial concepts,24 sub categories and 9 main categories were sorted out,and the core categories were formed through selective coding.The signing service of family doctors in rural areas has gone through three stages:individual signing of rural doctors,team signing and team signing under the county medical community.Its evolution conditions have gone through the formalization of signing,service capability and efficiency synergy in turn.The three elements of the system adaptation action successively presents differential execution under the system de embedding,collaborative block under the structure embedding and collaborative execution under the system coupling,so as to gradually realize the system coupling from responsibility construction to ability improvement,and then to responsibility,ability and interest.Conclusion:the evolution mechanism of the contracted service mode of family doctors in rural areas reflects the dynamic adaptation under the conditions of political situation,social situation and policy situation,and gradually realizes the closed-loop of the three elements of responsibility,ability and interest based on the differentiation of the three elements of the system.

Objective To propose a dynamic electrical impedance tomography imaging algorithm based on complementary information fusion network(CIFN)to enhance image quality of dynamic electrical impedance imaging.Methods There were three modules for initialization,multi-frame complementary information extraction and information fusion involved in the CIFN.Firstly,multi-frame dynamic conductivity distribution images were obtained by the initialization module;secondly,spatial complementary information was extracted from the images by using the multi-frame complementary information extraction module;finally,the fusion of lesion target distribution information and target re-reconstruction were realized by the information fusion module to aquire high-quality EIT images.With a 16-electrode multilayer cranial simulation model,the CIFN-based imaging method was compared with Tikhonov regularization algorithm,spectral constraint algorithm and U-Net algorithm in terms of imaging results of types of lesions to verify its performance.Results Compared with the Tikhonov regularization algorithm,spectral constraint algorithm and U-Net algorithm,the proposed CIFN-based algorithm exhibited the lowest mean absolute error(MAE)and the highest structural similarity(SSIM)when used to image different lesion targets,which accurately reconstructed the distribution of lesion targets and gained high imaging stability under common noise levels.Conclusion The proposed CIFN-based imaging algorithm obtains high imaging quality on a cranial simulation model and reconstruction results close to the real model distribution,which provides algorithmic support for subsequent clinical studies on electrical impedance imaging.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):1-6]

Objective:To explore the development context and evolution mechanism of family doctor contract service mode in rural areas,and provide reference for relevant departments to continuously optimize the family doctor contract service policy.Methods:Based on the principle of theoretical sampling,J City in S Province,which is listed as one of the national primary health comprehensive pilot areas,was selected as the case study object,and the data were collected through interviews and literature review,and then grounded and coded with NVivo11 software.Results:74 initial concepts,24 sub categories and 9 main categories were sorted out,and the core categories were formed through selective coding.The signing service of family doctors in rural areas has gone through three stages:individual signing of rural doctors,team signing and team signing under the county medical community.Its evolution conditions have gone through the formalization of signing,service capability and efficiency synergy in turn.The three elements of the system adaptation action successively presents differential execution under the system de embedding,collaborative block under the structure embedding and collaborative execution under the system coupling,so as to gradually realize the system coupling from responsibility construction to ability improvement,and then to responsibility,ability and interest.Conclusion:the evolution mechanism of the contracted service mode of family doctors in rural areas reflects the dynamic adaptation under the conditions of political situation,social situation and policy situation,and gradually realizes the closed-loop of the three elements of responsibility,ability and interest based on the differentiation of the three elements of the system.

Objective Spotted fever group rickettsiae(SFGR)are globally prevalent obligate intracellular bacteria that have the potential to cause severe and fatal human diseases. A study to investigate the species and genetic characteristics of SFGR was conducted in 2023 in the Ningxia region of northwestern China. Methods Tick samples were collected from Ningxia, identified, and used to isolate SFGR. The isolated strain was identified as Rickettsia raoultii through morphological observation, multi-locus sequence typing(MLST), and phylogenetic analysis. Then, it was subjected to whole-genome sequencing using next-generation technology, which revealed it to be a TIGMIC strain. Results The TIGMIC strain was demonstrated to exhibit a capacity for growth in mammalian cell lines. The complete genome sequence of the TIGMIC strain was assembled into a circular chromosome, which exhibited a length of 1 312 176 bp and comprised 1 488 genes. Functional annotation revealed that the main key genes of the TIGMIC strain were primarily associated with biosynthesis, nutrient metabolism, and cell membrane biogenesis. Apart from the rickA gene, most typical rickettsial virulence genes of the TIGMIC strain were relatively conserved. Conclusions These findings will help identify SFGR, provide etiological evidence for spotted fever in Ningxia, and emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance to prevent the spread of SFGR.

Purpose::Shaping and assembling contemporary external fixators rapidly for the severe mandibular fractures remains a challenge, especially in emergency circumstance. We designed a novel external fixator that incorporates universal joints to provide the stabilization for mandibular comminuted fractures. This study aims to confirm the efficacy of this novel external fixator through biomechanical tests in vitro and animal experiments. Methods::In vitro biomechanical tests were conducted using 6 fresh canine with mandibular defect to simulate critical comminuted fractures. Three mandibles were stabilized by the novel external fixator and other mandibles were fixed by 2.5 mm reconstruction plates. All fixed mandibles were subjected to loads of 350 N on the anterior regions of teeth and 550 N on the first molar of the unaffected side. The stability was evaluated based on the maximum displacement and the slope of the load-displacement curve. In animal experiments, 9 beagles with comminuted mandibular fractures were divided into 3 groups, which were treated with the novel external fixation, reconstruction plate, and dental arch bar, respectively. The general observation, the changes in animals’ weight, and the surgical duration were recorded and compared among 3 groups. The CT scans were performed at various intervals of 0 day (immediately after the surgery), 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days to analyze the displacement of feature points on the canine mandible and situation of fracture healing at 28 days. The statistical significance was assessed by the two-way analysis of variance test followed by the Bonferroni test, enabling multiple comparisons for all tests using GraphPad Prism10.1.0 (GraphPad Inc, USA). Results::The outcomes of the biomechanical tests indicated that no statistically significant differences were found in terms of the maximum displacement ( p = 0.496, 0.079) and the slope of load displacement curves ( p = 0.374, 0.349) under 2 load modes between the external and internal fixation groups. The animal experiment data showed that there were minor displacements of feature points between the external and internal fixation groups without statistic difference, while the arch bar group demonstrated inferior stability. The CT analysis revealed that the best fracture healing happened in the internal fixation group, followed by the external fixation and arch baring at 28 days after fixation. The external fixation group had the shortest fixation duration (25.67 ± 3.79) min compared to internal fixation ((70.67 ± 4.51) min, p < 0.001) and arch baring ((42.00 ± 3.00) min, p = 0.046). Conclusion::The conclusion of this study highlighted the efficacy and reliability of this novel external fixator in managing mandibular fractures rapidly, offering a viable option for the initial stabilization of comminuted mandibular fractures in the setting of emergency rescue.

Objective To investigate the effects of dynamic lung compliance(Cdyn)-guided indi-vidual positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)titration on pulmonary function in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.Methods Sixty-eight elderly patients were selected for laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer,37 males and 31 females,aged 65-79 years,BMI<30 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ.The patients were divided into two groups using the random number table method:individualized PEEP group(group P)and control group(group C),34 patients in each group.In group P,the patients received recruitment maneuvers and PEEP titration test at immediately after intubation,immediately after establishing pneumoperitoneum-Trendelenburg position and immediately after pneumoperitoneum.The patients in group C received PEEP 5 cmH2 O during procedure.The three best titra-tion PEEP and the actual tidal volume(VT)in group P were also recorded.PaO2,PaCO2,PETCO2 10 mi-nutes after the tracheal intubation(T1),10 minutes(T2)and 1 hour(T3)after establishing pneumoperito-neum-Trendelenburg position,at the end of the surgery but before extubation(T4)were recorded,and the oxygenation index(OI),physiological dead space to tidal volume(Vd/VT),alveolar arterial oxygen differ-ence(A-aDO2),driving pressure,and Cdyn were calculated.Concentrations of interleukin-8(IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),Clara cell secretoyr protein(CC16)and lung alveolar surface active sub-stances-D(SP-D)in the serum samples were determined by ELISA before anesthesia induction(T0)and 10 minutes after extubation(T5).Postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs)were also recordrd.Results The individualized PEEP of Cdyn?guided PEEP titration was 4 cmH2O. Compared with group C, the PaO2 and OI in group C were significantly increased at T4, the Cdyn was significantly increased at T1,T3, and T4, the driving pressure was significantly decreased at T1 -T4, the serum concentration of CC16 was significantly decreased at T5 ( P < 0. 05). There were no significant differences in PaCO2, PET CO2,A?aDO2, and Vd/ VT between the two groups. There was no severe PPCs in the two groups. Conclusion Pressure?controlled ventilation modes combined with Cdyn?guide PEEP titration can increase the Cdyn, reduce thedriving pressure, and improve OI at the end of the operation, reduce the concentrations of CC16 at postop?eration, improve pulmonary function in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.