Commonly used dosage forms of fermented Cordyceps powder products are capsules and tablets. The hygroscopicity of the powder,as one of the important parameters in the tableting process,has important effects on the tabletting process of the tablets. How to improve the hygroscopicity of powder is of great significance for the development of new composite particles. Therefore,particle design technology was used in this study to prepare composite particle powder,and its hygroscopicity was compared with fermented Cordyceps powder and physically mixed powder. By preparing three different types of powders,the equilibrium moisture absorption,particle size,scanning electron micrograph,angle of repose,contact angle and compression degree were compared to observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine particle design technology on improving the hygroscopicity of the fermented Cordyceps powder. The results showed that the equilibrium moisture absorption was 21. 2%,19. 6%,14. 5% respectively for the fermented Cordyceps powder,physically mixed powder and composite particle powder; the median diameter was(49. 751± 0. 280),(59. 183± 0. 170),(12. 842±0. 080) μm,respectively; the mode diameter was(185. 479±1. 372),(173. 964± 1. 104),(61. 671± 0. 979) μm,respectively. In the scanning electron micrograph of the composite particle powder,it can be clearly seen that the fermented Cordyceps powder had hydrophobic gas phase nano-silica with a fixed shape and uniform size. The angle of repose was(50. 63 ± 0. 75) °,(49. 25 ± 0. 43) °,(48. 33±0. 84) ° respectively; the contact angle was(7. 4±0. 2) °,(8. 2±0. 3) °,(15. 0±2. 6) ° respectively; and the compression degree was(38. 2±1. 3) %,(35. 8±0. 2) %,(32. 5±2. 6) % respectively. This study showed that after treatment by the vibrating ultrafine pulverizer,the fermented Cordyceps powder particles had obvious and uniform small particle hydrophobic gas phase nano-silica adhered to form a partially wrapped coating structure,which reduced the contact surface of fermented Cordyceps powder with the outside world,thereby reducing the hygroscopicity of the composite particle powder. It further demonstrated that the hygroscopicity of fermented Cordyceps powder can be improved by particle design.
Cordyceps ; Fermentation ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Particle Size ; Powders ; Wettability

OBJECTIVETo explore the imaging characteristics of F-FDG PET-CT and clinical presentation of patients with primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL).

METHODSThe F-FDG PET-CT image data of 6 patients with pathologically diagnosed PHL, were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThe six patients included 4 male cases and 2 female cases, with median age of 65 years old , and all the cases were diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In regarding of F-FDG PET-CT imaging, all the cases showed hypodense masses and high FDG uptake, with homogenous density in 5 cases and necrostic area of low density in 1 case. The SUVmax was 6.3, 9.5, 12.8, 22.1, 28.4, and 33.5, respectively. Three typical PET-CT imaging findings were as follows: 4 cases appeared as multiple nodes, 1 case was the type of solitary mass, and 1 case was the type of diffuse infiltration. 5 cases showed a mild enhancement by CT scanning, and 2 cases displayed "blood vessel floating" in. In 2 cases, MRI scanning demonstrated low signal intensity on T1WI, and homogeneous signal intensity on T2WI with mild enhancement.

CONCLUSIONThe F-FDG PET-CT manifestation of PBL has a certain characteristics that can providt helpful to diagnose primary hepatic lymphoma.

Aged ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of pretherapeuticF-FDG PET/CT in the focus detection, staging and prognosis evaluation of adult Burkitt's lymphoma(BL).

METHODSThe clinical data and detection results ofF-FDG PET/CT scan of 18 patients with BL before the treatment from December 2008 to February 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The lesions distribution were observed, the maximal standard uptake value(SUV) ofF-FDG by lesions and the maximal diameter of lymph nodes were measured. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the SUV, and the Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between SUVand the maximum diameter of lymph nodes. The prognostic factors were analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

RESULTS F-FDG PET/CT showed 100% positive detection rate for 18 adults with BL, lymph nodal lesions were found in all the patients, and the most common area was lymphonodi coeliaci (9/18, 50%), 8 cases showed extranodal soft tissue involvement, 6 cases showed gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow involvement was detected in 7 cases, out of which the mutiple-focal involvement was found in 4 cases. The median SUVof lymph nodes, extranodal soft tissue and bone marrow was 11.7 (range of 3.4 to 28.5), 9.85 (range of 6.7 to 21.9) and 11.8(range of 5.6 to 23.8), respectively, there were no significant differences among these 3 types of lesions (F=1.013, P=0.369). And the median SUVof all lesions was 16.5 (range of 8.8 to 28.5). The clinical staging of 2 patients (2/8, 11.1%) was changed byF-FDG PET/CT imaging. The univariate analysis revealed that only the IPI (international prognostic index) could be the prognostic factor (χ=6.602, P=0.010), but the prognosis was not different between the patients below and above the median SUVof all lesions and lymph node (all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONBL in adult is an intenselyF-FDG-avid tumor, theF-FDG PET/CT is an effective imaging tool for the detection and staging of this disease. In our study, the prognostic value of pretherapeuticF-FDG PET/CT still is unclear, that is not recommended for the prognosis of the adult BL patients.

OBJECTIVEThis study was to explore the use value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in patients with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL).

METHODSBoth PET/CT and CT images were retrospectively analyzed in 43 newly diagnosed patients with ENKTL, and the anatomical position, extent of foci, subtypes, staging and therapeutic regimen determined by both these 2 imaging methods were compared, and relationship between the maximum standard uptake value (SUV(max)) and subtypes, different staging and constitutional symptoms were evaluated.

RESULTSThe top four anatomical positions involved were nose (76.74%), pharynx nasalis (41.86%), Waldeyer's ring (30.23%) and paranasal sinus (27.91%), respectively according to the results of the PET/CT examination, and (18)F-FDG uptake was not found in four patients in the region of upper aerodigestive tract. The PET/CT staging was significantly correlated with constitutional symptoms (P < 0.01). The mean SUV(max) of 43 patients was 13.65 ± 6.35, and the SUV(max) of advanced stages (III/IV) was higher than that of early stage (I/II). Different staging results were found in 21 patients between PET/CT and CT images, 14 patients out of them had direct influence on the treatment plan. Staging of 8 cases was changed from early stage judged by CT image into advaneed stage judged by PET/CT, and radiotherapy regimen of 6 cases at early stage were altered because of the application of PET/CT.

CONCLUSIONThe location and scope of foci in ENKTL patients can be displayed more accurately by PET/CT, the PET/CT is more accurate and reliable than traditional CT image, and has considerable value in determining the treatment plan, and it should be applied in clinical practice widely.

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; Multimodal Imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed