With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

Background: and Purpose Vertebrobasilar fusiform aneurysms (VBFAs) carry substantial morbidity and mortality, but optimal management for unruptured VBFAs remains unclear. We compared the safety and efficacy of conservative management (CM), stent-assisted coiling (SAC), and flow diverters (FDs) in patients with unruptured VBFAs, focusing on long-term prognosis. Methods: This study included data from a nationwide Chinese cohort of patients with vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) balanced confounders across groups. The primary outcome was poor prognosis (modified Rankin Scale score >2). Secondary outcomes included aneurysm rupture, ischemic stroke, compression symptoms, and VBFA-related deaths. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Among 1,115 patients with unruptured VBFAs, 838 (median age, 54 years; 655 men) were included. After IPTW, baseline characteristics were balanced. Median follow-up was 54 months. FD was associated with a lower risk of poor prognosis than CM (OR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.30 to 0.77]; p=0.002), with no difference between CM and SAC. FD also reduced aneurysm rupture (OR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.60]; p=0.004) and compression symptoms (OR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.13 to 0.68]; p=0.004) versus CM. Time-to-event analyses further revealed significant differences in vertebral artery lesions and Type I–II VBFAs, whereas no significant differences were observed in basilar or vertebrobasilar junction lesions or in Type III–IV VBFAs. Conclusions Compared with CM, FD was associated with improved long-term outcomes in unruptured VBFAs, particularly in vertebral artery lesions and Type I–II VBFAs, although residual confounding cannot be excluded.

Objective To explore the independent risk factors for long-term adverse prognosis after percutaneous renal artery angioplasty in patients with transplant renal artery stenosis(TRAS).Methods We retrospectively collected medical records and surgery details of TRAS patients who underwent renal artery angioplasty at the Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,from January 2017 to June 2021.All patients were followed up for 3 years post-operation.Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to find the independent predictive factors for long-term adverse prognosis after renal artery angioplasty in the TRAS patients.Results A total of 45 TRAS patients who underwent percutaneous renal artery angioplasty were included in this study.During the five-year follow-up period,10 patients(22.2％)experienced long-term adverse events.These consisted of 3 patients(6.7％)who died from any cause,1 patient(2.2％)who developed transplant renal artery dissection,6 patients(13.3％)who had restenosis of the transplant renal artery,and 1 patient(2.2％)who lost the transplant kidney and received dialysis again.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that male gender(HR=4.915,95％CI:1.036-23.328,P=0.045)and balloon angioplasty alone(HR=8.594,95％CI:2.191-33.710,P=0.002)were independent risk factors for long-term adverse prognosis after renal artery angioplasty in TRAS patients.Conclusion Male gender and balloon angioplasty alone are independent risk factors for long-term adverse prognosis after renal artery angioplasty in TRAS patients.

Aim To investigate the effect of tetrameth-ylpyrazine(TMP)on neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia and hypoxia via mannose-binding lectin(MBL).Methods Patients diagnosed with ischaemic stroke at Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital were in-cluded in the study,and their clinicopathological data,as well as blood and urine samples,were collected with the consent of the patients and their families.Using these biological samples,differential proteins and tar-gets were identified by proteomic analysis and subse-quently verified with animal experiments.The mice were divided into the sham,dMCAO,and TMP(10,20,40 mg·kg-1)treatment groups.After seven days of drug administration,the modified neurological sever-ity score(mNSS)was used to assess the neurological function.TTC staining was used to detect the volume of cerebral infarction.Motor function was evaluated be-haviourally,and ELISA was used to detect MASP1,sC5b-9,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β.Western blot was used to determine the expression of relevant proteins,such as MBL2,MASP2,and C3.Results Compared with the sham group,the dMCAO group exhibited in-creased neurological impairment,which was signifi-cantly ameliorated by TMP treatment.The expression levels of MBL2,C3 and MASP2 were elevated in the dMCAO group and were reduced following TMP treat-ment.Additionally,the dMCAO group showed elevat-ed expression of inflammatory factors IL-1 β,IL-6 and TNF-α,which were then suppressed by TMP treat-ment.Conclusion TMP inhibits the inflammatory re-sponse after ischemia and hypoxia by regulating MBL,thus attenuating brain injury.

Objective:To investigate the functional characteristics of the prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) during resting state and analyze its association with clinical symptoms.Methods:Twenty-eight hospitalized patients with SCZ (SCZ group) were selected from November 2023 to May 2024, and 28 healthy controls (HC group) were recruited concurrently. By using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology, data on the concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) in the prefrontal cortex during resting state were collected from all subjects to measure cortical hemodynamic activity. Regional activation values and functional connectivity (FC) values among brain areas were analyzed. Clinical symptoms in patients were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS).SPSS 25.0 software was employed for statistical analysis. Between-group comparisons were performed using independent samples t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Spearman correlation analysis and general linear regression models were applied to examine relationships between prefrontal cortical functional characteristics and clinical symptoms. Results:The levels of HbO in the right inferior frontal gyrus and left frontal pole area were significantly higher in the SCZ group (1.5 (1.0, 3.0)μmol/L, 1.0 (1.0, 2.8)μmol/L) than those in the HC group (-0.01 (-0.05, 0.02)μmol/L, -0.02 (-0.07, 0.03)μmol/L) ( Z=-6.46, -6.50, both P<0.01). The levels of HbR in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly higher in the SCZ group (0.02 (-0.01, 0.07)μmol/L, 0.01 (-0.01, 0.03)μmol/L) than those in the HC group (-0.01 (-0.03, 0.01)μmol/L, -0.01 (-0.02, 0.01)μmol/L) ( Z=-2.46, -1.98, both P<0.05).The SCZ group showed significantly higher HbO-based FC values in the frontal pole-temporal pole (0.49±0.21) and temporal pole-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.36±0.25) compared to the HC group (0.33±0.18, 0.15±0.19) ( t=3.02, 3.44, both P<0.01). Conversely, the SCZ group exhibited significantly lower HbR-based FC in the frontal pole-inferior frontal gyrus (0.15±0.13) and inferior frontal gyrus-temporal pole (0.27±0.37) compared to the HC group (0.33±0.26, 0.77±0.48) ( t=-3.17, -4.23, both P<0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that in the SCZ group, the level of HbO in the right inferior frontal gyrus was positively correlated with negative symptoms, positive symptoms, excitement/hostility, and PANSS total score ( r=0.45-0.64, all P<0.05), and the level of HbO in the left frontal pole area was positively correlated with excitement/hostility and PANSS total score ( r=0.57, 0.50, both P<0.01), while the FC value between the frontal pole and temporal pole areas showed a negative correlation with excitement/hostility ( r=-0.39, P<0.05). Regression analysis demonstrated that, the HbO concentration in the right inferior frontal gyrus significantly positively predicted PANSS total score, positive symptoms, and negative symptoms ( β=0.70, 0.64, 0.55, all P<0.01).The HbO concentration in the left frontal pole area significantly positively predicted excitement/hostility ( β=0.77, P<0.01).The frontal pole-temporal pole HbO-based FC significantly negatively predicted excitement/hostility scores ( β=-0.42, P<0.01). Conclusion:Patients with SCZ exhibit hyperactivation of localized prefrontal cortex brain regions and dysfunction of functional connectivity during resting state, which are significantly associated with core clinical symptoms including positive, negative, and excitement/hostility symptoms.

Aim To investigate the effect of tetrameth-ylpyrazine(TMP)on neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia and hypoxia via mannose-binding lectin(MBL).Methods Patients diagnosed with ischaemic stroke at Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital were in-cluded in the study,and their clinicopathological data,as well as blood and urine samples,were collected with the consent of the patients and their families.Using these biological samples,differential proteins and tar-gets were identified by proteomic analysis and subse-quently verified with animal experiments.The mice were divided into the sham,dMCAO,and TMP(10,20,40 mg·kg-1)treatment groups.After seven days of drug administration,the modified neurological sever-ity score(mNSS)was used to assess the neurological function.TTC staining was used to detect the volume of cerebral infarction.Motor function was evaluated be-haviourally,and ELISA was used to detect MASP1,sC5b-9,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β.Western blot was used to determine the expression of relevant proteins,such as MBL2,MASP2,and C3.Results Compared with the sham group,the dMCAO group exhibited in-creased neurological impairment,which was signifi-cantly ameliorated by TMP treatment.The expression levels of MBL2,C3 and MASP2 were elevated in the dMCAO group and were reduced following TMP treat-ment.Additionally,the dMCAO group showed elevat-ed expression of inflammatory factors IL-1 β,IL-6 and TNF-α,which were then suppressed by TMP treat-ment.Conclusion TMP inhibits the inflammatory re-sponse after ischemia and hypoxia by regulating MBL,thus attenuating brain injury.

This study was aimed at investigating infections with Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Ochotona curzoniae in Zoige County,Sichuan Province.O.curzoniae were captured in five townships of Zoige County(Dazhasi,Axi,Hongxing,Tangke,and Maixi)between March and December of 2023.DNA from the gastrointestinal contents was subjected to nested PCR to amplify Giardia bg,gdh,and tpi genes,and the Cryptosporidium SSU rRNA gene.The sequences of PCR-PCR products were analyzed and compared.Phylogenetic trees were constructed to determine the protozoa species and genotypes.A total of 114 O.curzoniae animals were captured,among which 44 samples showed bg gene positivity,and 14 samples showed gdh gene positivity for Giardia.The total detection rate was 43.9％(50/114),and two assemblages were detected(assem-blage E and a new assemblage tentatively termed assemblage OC1);the positivity rate for Cryptosporidium was 7.0％(8/114),and three new genotypes were observed.Mixed infection with Cryptosporidium and Giardia was present in some sam-ples,with a detection rate of 3.5％(4/114).Giardia lamblia and Giardia sp.(REG-1,REG-2)were prevalent in O.curzoni-ae in Zoige County in Sichuan province;assemblage E was the dominant assemblage,and the new assemblage OC1 was pres-ent;and Cryptosporidium sp.(REG-1,REG-2,and REG-3)were identified.In summary,future monitoring of Giardia and Cryptosporidium should be further strengthened in Zoige to provide detailed data for promoting local public health.

Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in depressive disorders based on current randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Method RCTs on acupuncture interventions for primary depression by searching databases including CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Sinomed,PubMed,and Embase.Two researchers independently assessed the quality of the literature,extracted data according to the latest Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions,and cross-checked the data.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Result A total of 52 studies were included,comprising 5277 patients.The meta-analysis results showed that acupuncture significantly improved depression symptoms as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD)and reduced clinical inefficacy rates{HAMD-17:WMD=-2.35,95%CI[-3.04,-1.67],P<0.000 01;HAMD-24:WMD=-2.77,95%CI[-3.52,-2.03],P<0.000 01;HAMD(unspecified scale):WMD=-2.77,95%CI[-3.52,-2.03],P<0.000 01;Clinical inefficacy:RR=0.39,95%CI[0.33,0.47],P<0.000 01}.Additionally,acupuncture increased 5-HT levels(SMD=1.11,95%CI[0.67,1.55],P<0.000 01).In terms of safety,acupuncture did not increase the incidence of adverse events and reduced TESS scores{Adverse event incidence:RR=0.65,95%CI[0.47,0.89],P=0.007;TESS scores:WMD=-1.66,95%CI[-3.12,-0.20],P=0.03}.There is potential publication bias regarding clinical inefficacy and adverse events,necessitating cautious interpretation.Conclusion Based on the current evidence,acupuncture is an effective and safe treatment for depressive disorders.However,more high-quality RCTs are needed to further validate or refine these conclusions.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)with half-dose recombinant staphylokinase(r-SAK)in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)who are expected to undergo PCI within 120 minutes.Methods From October 2021 to August 2022,a total of 200 STEMI patients in eight centers were included and randomly assigned in a 1﹕1 ratio to either r-SAK group or control group.Patients received loading doses of aspirin and ticagrelor and intravenous heparin and were randomized to receive an intravenous bolus of either 5 mg r-SAK or normal saline prior to PCI.The outcomes were set as ST-segment resolution(STR)at 60-90 minutes after PCI,the proportion and transition of pathological Q waves on the 5th day after PCI,and the proportion of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T(hs-cTnT)peaking within 12 hours of onset.The safety outcome was major bleeding events defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium(BARC)≥type 3 bleeding during hospitalization.Results Compared with the control group,the r-SAK group had a higher proportion of STR≥70%within 60-90 minutes after PCI(58.3%vs.40.3%,P=0.009);a lower proportion of pathological Q waves(59.1%vs.74.1%,P=0.040);a lower rate of Q wave progression(14.8%vs.43.2%,P＜0.001);a higher rate of Q wave disappearance(12.5%vs.3.7%,P=0.027);and a higher proportion of hs-cTnT peaking within 12 hours of symptom onset[31/40(77.5%)vs.17/33(51.5%),P=0.027].Regarding the safety outcome,no significant difference in BARC≥type 3 bleeding was found between the two groups during hospitalization(P＞0.05).Conclusions For STEMI patients who were expected to undergo primary PCI within 120 minutes of symptom onset,the facilitated PCI with half-dose r-SAK significantly increased the proportion of STR≥70%at 60-90 minutes after PCI,reduced the formation of pathological Q waves,and shortened the time to peak hs-cTnT,without increasing the risk of bleeding,which should be an alternative reperfusion strategy worthy of further study.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of mind-regulating and meridians-dredging acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training in treating limb dysfunction in recovery period of cerebral infarction(CI).Methods A total of 110 cases of patients with limb dysfunction in recovery period of CI were randomly divided into observation group and control group,55 cases in each group,the control group was given routine rehabilitation training,and the observation group was treated with mind-regulating and meridians-dredging acupuncture on the basis of intervention of the control group,the course of treatment covered two consecutive weeks.After two weeks of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes of scores of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome,Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),Berg Balance Scale(BBS)and Modified Barthel Index(MBI)before and after treatment of patients in the two groups were observed.The changes of electromyographic signal before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.And the safety and the occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)The total effective rate was 98.18%(54/55)in the observation group and 87.27%(48/55)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)After treatment,the TCM syndrome scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).(3)After treatment,the FMA scores of patients in the two groups improved significantly(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)After treatment,the BBS scores and MBI scores of the patients in the two groups improved significantly(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(5)After treatment,the root mean square value(RMS)of biceps brachii muscle elbow flexion and triceps brachii muscle elbow extention of the two groups of patients improved significantly(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(6)During the treatment,there were no obvious adverse reactions occurred in both groups.Conclusion Mind-regulating and meridians-dredging acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training in treating limb dysfunction in recovery period of CI can significantly improve the motor ability of patients,and adjust the electromyographic signals of the affected limbs,with high safety.