Achondroplasia (ACH) is a common inherited skeletal dysplasia (inherited dwarfism) that compromises quality of life across the lifespan. In 2021, vosoritide became the first approved precision therapy for ACH and is now available in more than 40 countries. Compared with prior symptomatic measures, vosoritide has demonstrated favorable efficacy and a reassuring safety profile. Nevertheless, existing international ACH guidelines largely emphasize complication management and symptomatic care, and there is no unified consensus on pharmacologic therapy. To address this gap, an international expert group developed the International Consensus Guidelines for the Implementation and Monitoring of Vosoritide Therapy in Patients with Achondroplasia providing systematic recommendations that span the continuum of care - from initial patient contact and pre-treatment assessment to medication counseling, injection training, and long-term outcome monitoring. These recommendations complement and refine current management and nursing protocols for individuals with ACH and offer practical guidance for clinicians across diverse regions. This article highlights key elements of the guideline to provide evidence-based support and clinical direction for healthcare professionals in China treating children with ACH using vosoritide.
Humans ; Achondroplasia/drug therapy* ; Consensus ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Child

Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is used for directly visualizing sites of obstruction among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Owing to the scarcity of data, there is still no consensus on the anesthetic regimen for conducting pediatric DISE.

This paper presents a 5-year-old patient who underwent DISE using an opioid-sparing regimen with dexmedetomidine and propofol infusion.

Simultaneous dexmedetomidine and propofol infusion is a promising opioid-sparing regimen for pediatric DISE.

Human ; Male ; Child Preschool: 2-5 Yrs Old ; Endoscopy ; Propofol ; Dexmedetomidine ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Anesthetics ; Apnea ; Consensus ; Paper ; Patients ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Research Report ; Sleep ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is increasingly integrated into healthcare, including occupational therapy (OT), with potential applications in its service delivery and clinical decision-making. While GenAI offers promising educational and clinical support, its generative nature introduces risks related to contextual accuracy, transparency, and ethical use, particularly within supervised clinical training settings where professional judgment is still developing. Empirical research examining GenAI integration in OT clinical training remains limited, especially within the Philippine context.

OBJECTIVE

This is a protocol for a study which aims to explore the perceptions of OT interns in Manila, Philippines, regarding GenAI integration in clinical training, including perceived benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations, guided by Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory

METHODS

This qualitative study protocol describes an exploratory design that will be used to gather rich and contextualized insights from 24 to 32 OT interns enrolled in universities in Manila with established institutional AI-use policies. Data will be collected through semi-structured online focus group discussions (FGD). Thematic analysis will be used with assistance from atlas.ti. 

EXPECTED RESULTS

The study is expected to generate meaningful themes that describe the perceptions of OT interns regarding the integration of GenAI within supervised clinical training contexts. Results are expected to reflect how interns perceive the role of GenAI in supporting clinical decision-making, as well as its perceived challenges and ethical concerns related to institutional policies, data privacy, reliability, and variability in AI-generated outputs.

Human ; Therapeutics ; Universities ; Volition ; Philippines ; Clinical Decision-making ; Artificial Intelligence

Intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) is the most common invasive candidiasis, with a high incidence among critically ill patients, which can significantly increase medical costs and affect prognosis. In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of IAC in critically ill patients, experts in related fields were organized by the Peking University Critical Care Medicine (PKUCCM), Committee of Critical Care Medicine and Organ Support, China Association for Promotion of Health Science and Technology organized experts in related fields to initiate and form a working group. Expert writers drafted the consensus based on evidence-based medical evidence. A committee composed of critical care physicians, infectious disease physicians, surgeons, dermatologists specializing in antifungal fields, and clinical pharmacists discussed and revised the consensus draft through a standardized process, and finally formulated this consensus. This consensus contains a total of 20 core recommendations, mainly focusing on the epidemiology, high-risk factors, diagnostic techniques and methods (including traditional microbiological culture techniques, clinical risk prediction tools, serological tests, molecular biological tests, and histopathological examinations) of IAC, diagnostic criteria, stratified treatment strategies, antifungal drug selection, control the sources of infection, combined treatment, de-escalation strategies, drug treatment courses, prognosis, and special types of IAC. The aim is to provide expert guidance for the standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment of IAC in critically ill patients, with a view to improving prognosis of patients.
Humans ; Critical Illness ; Intraabdominal Infections/therapy* ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Candidiasis/drug therapy* ; Critical Care ; Candidiasis, Invasive/diagnosis*

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology is an important life support method for critically ill patients. A large number of studies have found that ECMO can change the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of critically ill patients, thereby affecting the drug effect in vivo. However, there is still a lack of recommendations for the adjustment of commonly used drugs during ECMO support in China, and the selection or dosage adjustment of drugs during ECMO support is not clear. Therefore, a multidisciplinary group of domestic experts in clinical pharmacy and critical care medicine was established by Critical Care Medicine Committee of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, and Hospital Pharmacy Committee of China Pharmaceutical Association, to develop the Expert consensus on drug adjustment during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (2025). Eight clinical issues of drug adjustment during ECMO support were discussed in this consensus: (1) Why does the patient's demand for drug dosage change during ECMO support? (2) What factors are related to the degree of drug loss during ECMO support? (3) Considering the features of drugs, which types of drugs may need to be adjusted during ECMO support? (4) How to adjust the dosage when using antibacterial drugs during ECMO support? (5) How to adjust antifungal drugs during ECMO support? (6) Does ECMO support change patients' dosage requirements for antiviral drugs? (7) How to adjust sedative and analgesic drugs during ECMO support? (8) Does ECMO support affect the dosage requirement of vasoactive agents? Eighteen consensus are elaborated based on the latest clinical evidence, aiming to provide recommendations for drug adjustment in critically ill patients receiving ECMO support to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medication.
Humans ; Critical Illness ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Consensus ; Candidiasis/drug therapy* ; Intraabdominal Infections/therapy*

The research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) drugs have progressively established a novel system founded on the integration of TCM theory, human experience, and clinical trials (termed the "Three Combinations"). However, considering TCM's distinctive features of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" and "multicomponent formulations and complex mechanisms", current TCM drug development faces challenges such as insufficient understanding of the material basis and the overall mechanism of action and an incomplete evidence chain system. Moreover, significant obstacles persist in gathering human experience data, evaluating clinical efficacy, and controlling the quality of active ingredients, which impede the innovation process in TCM drug development. Network pharmacology, centered on the "network targets" theory, transcends the limitations of the conventional "single target" reductionist research model. It emphasizes the comprehensive effects of disease or syndrome biological networks as targets to elucidate the overall regulatory mechanism of TCM prescriptions. This approach aligns with the holistic perspective of TCM, offering a novel method consistent with TCM's holistic view for investigating the complex mechanisms of TCM and developing new TCM drugs. It is internationally recognized as a "next-generation drug research model". To advance the research of new tools, methods, and standards for TCM evaluation and to overcome fundamental, critical, and cutting-edge technical challenges in TCM regulation, this consensus aims to explore the characteristics, progress, challenges, applicable pathways, and specific applications of network pharmacology as a new theory, method, and tool in TCM drug development. The goal is to enhance the quality of TCM drug research and development and accelerate the efficiency of developing new TCM products.
Humans ; Consensus ; Drug Development/standards* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Network Pharmacology/standards* ; Guidelines as Topic

This study aims to improve the quality of clinical treatment and nursing care to standardize perioperative management for patients with liver tumors undergoing co-ablation system therapy. The Committee of Ablation Therapy in Oncology, China Anti-Cancer Association; the Expert Committee on Ablation Therapy; Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO); and the Committee of Interventional, Perioperative, and Interventional Physician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctors Association organized medical and nursing experts in China. Based on the clinical practice of co-ablation system therapy in China and relevant domestic literature, an expert consensus about perioperative management was developed. The expert consensus included the key points of perioperative management, prevention, and care of complications; discharge guidance; and follow-up management for patients undergoing co-ablation system therapy of liver tumors. The consensus on the perioperative management of co-ablation system therapy for liver tumors has finally been formulated, serving as a reference and application for medical personnel in relevant fields based on hospital and patient conditions in clinical work.
Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/surgery* ; Perioperative Care ; Consensus ; Catheter Ablation

Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) plays a crucial role in the treatment of hemoptysis, and its efficacy and safety have been proved. Although BAE is widely used in the treatment of hemoptysis, there is currently no standardized procedure for BAE, and there are significant differences between institutions and operators. To achieve standardization and normalization of the BAE in the treatment of hemoptysis, the Chinese College of Interventionalists (CCI) proposed this expert consensus, which is based on existing evidence and combined with clinical practice in China. This expert consensus is about patient selection, preoperative preparation, intraoperative procedures, postoperative management, efficacy evaluation and follow-up. After multiple rounds of discussion, this "expert consensus on the bronchial artery embolization in the treatment of hemoptysis" was proposed.
Humans ; Embolization, Therapeutic/methods* ; Hemoptysis/therapy* ; Bronchial Arteries ; Consensus

Endocrine hypertension is a common form of secondary hypertension. Affected patients often present without specific symptoms or signs, making the condition easy to overlook or misdiagnose. Early screening can greatly enhance the level of diagnosis while prompt treatment can improve the prognosis of patients. Based on clinical evidence and practice, the Chinese Endocrinologist Association and the Chinese Endocrine Hypertension Collaboration Group reached this consensus after extensive discussions on target populations, screening methods, interpretation of screening results, and other issues related to endocrine hypertension.
Humans ; Hypertension/diagnosis* ; Consensus ; Mass Screening

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and multi-organ damage, with the kidneys being predominantly affected. aHUS results from dysregulation of the complement alternative pathway, triggered by factors including infection, pregnancy, and surgery, among others. Therefore, complement inhibitors play a crucial role in the treatment of aHUS by blocking abnormal activation of the complement system and improving patients' prognosis. This consensus, developed by the Multidisciplinary Consensus Working Group on Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment, is based on the latest literature and guidelines, discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment strategies for aHUS, and provides a guide and reference for the standardized diagnosis and management of aHUS in China.
Humans ; Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/therapy* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Prognosis