Parkinson's disease （PD） is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairments， with its pathological mechanisms involving multiple processes such as the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein. Current Western medical treatments face challenges including diminished long-term efficacy and motor complications. In recent years， Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has demonstrated advantages in the prevention and treatment of PD through its systematic regulatory capabilities， featuring multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway approaches.This article systematically reviews the roles of seven key signaling pathways-NF-κB， AMPK/mTOR， PI3K/Akt， MAPKs， Nrf2/ARE， Wnt/β-catenin， and BDNF/TrkB-in the pathological process of PD and the regulatory mechanisms of TCM. Research indicates that active ingredients of Chinese herbs and compound formulations can synergistically modulate these pathways， exerting comprehensive effects in inhibiting neuroinflammation， alleviating oxidative stress， promoting autophagy to clear abnormal proteins， and enhancing neurotrophic support. These signaling pathways form a complex regulatory network through crosstalk among key nodal molecules， constituting an intricate regulatory system in PD pathology. The multi-target intervention characteristics of TCM align well with this network-based regulatory requirement， achieving integrated anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， autophagy-regulating， and neurorestorative effects through synergistic multi-pathway modulation. This article systematically outlines the mechanisms of TCM in the coordinated regulation of multiple pathways， providing a theoretical basis for elucidating the pathological process of PD and the intervention mechanisms of TCM， while also offering new perspectives and directions for modern research on TCM in the prevention and treatment of PD.

Periodontal disease burden is related to economic level. The burden of periodontal disease in Europe and the Western Pacific, which have higher economic levels, is lower than that in Africa and Southeast Asia. The burden of periodontal disease is mostly concentrated in people over 65 years of age. China currently has the heaviest burden of oral disease in the world; the country’s disability adjusted life years account for 18.69%. There are regional differences in the distribution of periodontal conditions that are related to socioeconomic conditions, dietary habits, and other factors of different regions. Some survey results show that the prevalence of periodontal disease among those in the middle-aged group (45-64 years old) is higher than that among the elderly group (over 65 years old). This is because the oral condition of the elderly group is prone to bias in statistics due to tooth loss and other reasons. The occurrence and development of periodontal disease in the elderly is related to a variety of factors: aging triggers physiological degeneration of periodontal tissue and decline in immune function; weakened mobility and weak oral health awareness lead to insufficient daily oral cleaning; certain systemic diseases can aggravate periodontal tissue inflammation, such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and cognitive impairment; and the cumulative impact of factors such as smoking, high-calorie diet, and nutrient deficiencies on periodontal tissue. At present, China has entered the stage of aging, which means that there is an increase in the burden of oral disease, and this puts higher requirements for the allocation of social medical resources in the future. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease in the elderly population is particularly important. This article, which takes the elderly over 65 years old as the research group, collects and summarizes the prevalence of periodontal disease in this group at home and abroad, and explores the influencing factors of periodontal disease in the elderly. In order to provide a basis for the early prevention of periodontal disease in the elderly, a focus must be placed on disease control and prevention as well as treatment of specific susceptible groups.

A brain-computer interface (BCI) based on motor imagery (MI) provides additional control pathways by decoding the intentions of the brain. MI ability has great intra-individual variability, and the majority of MI-BCI systems are unable to adapt to this variability, leading to poor training effects. Therefore, prediction of MI ability is needed. In this study, we propose an MI ability predictor based on multi-frequency EEG features. To validate the performance of the predictor, a video-guided paradigm and a traditional MI paradigm are designed, and the predictor is applied to both paradigms. The results demonstrate that all subjects achieved > 85% prediction precision in both applications, with a maximum of 96%. This study indicates that the predictor can accurately predict the individuals' MI ability in different states, provide the scientific basis for personalized training, and enhance the effect of MI-BCI training.
Humans ; Imagination/physiology* ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Brain/physiology* ; Movement/physiology* ; Motor Activity/physiology* ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology*

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of Glasgow coma scale-pupil (GCS-P) score combined with arterial lactate level on 30-day mortality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH).Methods:Patients with sICH attended to the emergency department of the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology from January 2021 to September 2023 were respectively collected. The patients were divided into survival group and death group according to survival outcome at 30 d after the onset of the disease. The data of the patients between the two groups were compared, including basic data, vital signs on admission to the hospital, pupils status, laboratory indexes, emergency Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores, and other clinical data. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the poor prognosis of sICH patients, and LASSO regression analysis was used for further validation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the predictive value of the emergency GCS-P score combined with the lactate level score on the mortality rates of sICH patients.Results:A total of 512 patients were included, 235 in the survival group and 277 in the death group. The admission heart rate, blood glucose, arterial lactate level, and the proportion of patients with hypertension and stroke were significantly higher in the death group than in the survival group, and the GCS score and emergency GCS-P score were significantly lower than those in the survival group (all P<0.05). For the mortality analysis of sICH patients at different levels, the mortality rate of patients with very severe GCS-P was significantly higher than that of patients with severe disease ( P<0.05), However, there was no significant difference in GCS between the two groups ( P>0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that emergency GCS-P score ( OR=1.400, 95% CI: 1.297-1.512, P<0.001) and arterial lactate level ( OR=0.674, 95% CI: 0.567-0.800, P<0.001) were predicted factors for the prognosis of patients with sICH. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of GCS, GCS-P, arterial lactate, and GCS-P combined with arterial lactate to predict the prognosis of patients was 0.748, 0.783, 0.718, and 0.819, respectively. Among them, GCS-P score combined with arterial lactate had the best prediction effect. Conclusion:GCS-P combined with arterial lactate levels could be used to predict the prognosis of sICH patients

Objective To investigate the predictive value of Glasgow coma scale(GCS)-Full Out-line of UnResponsiveness(FOUR)scale(GCS-F)score and arterial lactate level for prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)in elderly patients.Methods A total of 278 elderly ICH patients admitted to Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of the Affiliated Hospital of North China Universi-ty of Science and Technology from January 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively recruited.According score at 90 d after onset,95 of them were assigned into good prognosis group and 183 into poor prognosis group.Basic information,vital signs at admission,pupils,laboratory indica-tors,GCS score and other clinical data were compared between the two groups.Binary logistic re-gression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of poor prognosis in elderly ICH patients.ROC curve was drawn to analyze the prognostic value of GCS-F score(including eye opening re-sponse and limb movement in GCS,and brainstem response in FOUR scale)combined with lac-tate level in elderly ICH patients.Results Significantly higher blood pressure,elevated levels of blood glucose,creatinine and arterial lactic acid,increased percentages of supratentorial and sub-tentorial bleeding,and larger blood loss,while obviously lower GCS score and GCS-F score were observed in the poor prognosis group than the good prognosis group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).In the analyses for poor prognosis rate of ICH patients at different levels,the poor prognosis rate of se-vere GCS-F patients was significantly higher than that of patients with same level of GCS score(P＜0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that GPS-F score(OR=1.762,95％CI:1.507-2.061,P=0.000)and arterial lactate level(OR=0.536,95％CI:0.385-0.746,P=0.000)were risk factors for 90-day poor prognosis in elderly ICH patients.ROC curve analysis indicated that the AUC value of arterial lactate,GCS score and GCS-F score in predicting 90-day poor prog-nosis in elderly ICH patients was 0.713(95％CI:0.650-0.775),0.827(95％CI:0.774-0.880)and 0.876(95％CI:0.828-0.925),respectively,and the AUC value of GCS-F score combined with arterial lactic acid was 0.919(95％CI:0.886-0.953),which was significantly higher than that of GCS score,GCS-F score and arterial lactic acid alone(P＜0.01).Conclusion GCS-F score has better performance than GCS score in predicting 90-day poor prognosis in elderly ICH pa-tients,especially for severe patients.The GPS-F score combined with arterial lactate level shows the best predictive effectiveness for elderly ICH patients.

Objective To investigate the activities of different soft and hard materials during right chewing masticatory muscles, describing the masticatory muscles of time domain and frequency domain features. Methods 11 experimental subjects who conform to the standards of measurement chew two materials of different soft and hard texture. Then record surface EMG of each bilateral temporalis anterior bundle, masseter, two bilateral anterior abdominal muscles, analysis to 5 kinds of characteristics of the study of EMG.Results When subjects chewing different soft and hard materials, al the EMG features in the bilateral anterior temporalis and masseter values had signifi cant difference (P < 0.05). The results in bilateral digastric anterior abdominal except zero crossing rate have signifi cant difference; median frequency on the right side of the masticatory muscle has decreased trend. ConclusionThe anterior temporalis and masseter EMG active more intense when chewing hard objects; the right side of the masticatory muscles have obvious fatigue trend after chewing hard masticatory 30 cycles.