Animal experimentation constitutes a critical link between basic research and clinical application, making its research quality and translational efficiency paramount. Although considerable progress has been made in standardizing operational procedures and ethical guidelines, the standardization of outcome evaluation systems has significantly lagged, creating a key bottleneck that constrains the quality of biomedical research and evidence synthesis. This deficiency is manifested by pronounced heterogeneity in outcome selection across similar studies, incomplete methodological reporting, and disparate criteria for result interpretation, which severely impairs the comparability of findings and the evidence integration. To cope with this challenge, this paper systematically introduces a mature methodological tool from clinical research–the core outcome set (COS)–and explores its construction strategies and application potential in the field of animal experimentation. Given the extensive diversity of animal experiments, a pragmatic strategy of "focusing on key areas, implementing phased pilots, and promoting gradual expansion" should be adopted. This approach prioritizes the development of domain-specific COS for disease areas characterized by high research volume, urgent translational needs, and well-established animal models. A multi-source integration pathway for COS development is detailed, comprising systematic literature searches, methodological appraisals, and expert consensus, with the feasibility of leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance efficiency also being examined. The development and promotion of such COS are not intended to restrict scientific exploration; rather, they aim to establish a new, tiered evaluation paradigm consisting of "core outcomes" (mandatory), "recommended outcomes" (encouraged), and "exploratory outcomes" (optional). This framework is expected not only to enhance research quality through standardization and to adhere to the "3R" principles but also to accelerate the accumulation of high-quality evidence. This, in turn, provides a solid foundation for higher-level evidence synthesis, ultimately facilitating the effective translation of basic research findings into clinical practice and providing an essential methodological framework for scientific advancement in relevant disciplines.

ObjectiveBased on 16S rDNA technology and molecular biology methods， the molecular mechanism of Shenling Baizhusan in the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） was investigated. MethodsThe 42 SD rats with SPF were randomly divided into no control group， SLBZS-H， medium （SLBZS-M）， low （SLBZS-L） dose group， positive control group and model group， with 7 rats in each group. The rat model of IBS-D was prepared by ice-cold senna （0.45 g∙mL^-1） gavage （10 mL∙kg^-1） combined with restraint stress for 14 consecutive days. After successful modeling， the corresponding drugs were given to each group with a gavage volume of 10 mL∙kg^-1： The positive group was administered with 2.36 ， 1.18， 0.59 g∙mL^-1 of Shenling Baizhusan in the Positive group and the Model group with the same volume of normal saline for 14 d. The general condition of the rats： Weight， feces， mental state and death were observed and recorded. The body weight， abdominal wall retraction reflex score （AWR） and loose stool rate of rats in each group were measured before （the first day）， after the model （day 14） and after treatment （day 28）. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphological characteristics of colon tissues of experimental animals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitatively analyze the concentration of inflammatory mediators in the peripheral blood of experimental animals. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of key proteins of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， Toll-like receptor 2 （TLR2）， myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88） and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway in rat colon tissue. 16S rDNA technology was used to detect the structural changes of intestinal microbiota in rats. ResultsCompared with Control， the colon of the Model group showed partial mucosal epithelial shedding and inflammatory cell infiltration. The contents of TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6 and 5-HT in serum increased （P<0.05）， the protein expressions of TLR2， TLR4， MyD88 and NF-κB in colon tissue increased （P<0.05）， the diversity indices of Richness， Chao1， abundance-based coverage estimator（ACE） and Shannon decreased （P<0.05）， and the phylum Firmicutes， Actinobacteria， The relative richness of Bacteroides-H， Lactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus decreased （P<0.05）， while the relative richness of Bacteroidetes， Proteobacteria and Prevotella increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the colonic structure and organization of the SLBZS-H group， SLBZS-M group， SLBZS-L group and Positive group were clearer， and only a small number of inflammatory cells were present in some areas， and the serum contents of TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6 and 5-HT were decreased （P<0.05）， TLR2， TLR4， The protein expressions of MyD88 and NF-κB decreased （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the diversity indices of Richness， Chao1， ACE and Shannon in the SLBZS-H， SLBZS-M and SLBZS-L groups increased （P<0.05）， and the richness of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased （P<0.05）. The richness of Proteobacteria and Prevotella decreased （P<0.05）， and the abundance of Prevotella decreased （P<0.05）， Bacteroides-H， Muribaculum， Lactobacillus and salivarius in the Positive group salivarius （P<0.05）. ConclusionShenling Baizhusan can effectively treat IBS-D， and its molecular mechanism may be to play a therapeutic role by improving intestinal flora and inhibiting the TLRS/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce inflammatory response.

ObjectiveTo establish a mouse model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) through intermittent hypoxia induction, and to develop a comprehensive and reliable evaluation system for the HPH model, thereby providing experimental evidence for mechanistic studies and translational applications related to this disease. MethodsTwenty-four male specific pathogen-free (SPF) BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a control group and a model group, with 12 mice per group. Mice in the model group were placed in a hypobaric oxygen chamber control system to establish the HPH model, whereas mice in the control group received no intervention. After 28 days of modeling, a comprehensive evaluation of the pathophysiological characteristics of both groups was performed using a general condition scoring scale, echocardiography, hemodynamic measurements, blood gas analysis, hematological tests, organ coefficient determination, histopathological examination, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, correlation analyses were conducted among echocardiographic parameters, the contents of endothelin‑1 (ET‑1) and N‑terminal pro‑B‑type natriuretic peptide (NT‑proBNP) in lung tissue, and other measured indices. ResultsWith prolonged modeling duration time, body weight, water intake, and activity level of mice in the model group were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). Echocardiography showed that, compared with the control group, the model group exhibited increased right ventricular dimensions (P<0.01), right ventricular anterior wall thickening (P<0.01), and widened main pulmonary artery diameter (P<0.01), whereas the peak systolic velocity across the pulmonary valve, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and peak systolic velocity of the tricuspid annulus were significantly decreased (P<0.001); tricuspid regurgitation was observed in some model animals. Hemodynamic results revealed that right ventricular systolic pressure was elevated in the model group compared with the control group (P<0.001). Blood gas analysis showed that pH, partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation, actual bicarbonate, and total carbon dioxide were all decreased in the model group compared with the control group (P<0.01). Hematological indices demonstrated that lymphocyte counts (P<0.05) and reticulocyte counts (P<0.001) were decreased in the model group compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, the organ coefficients of heart and lung in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.05 and P<0.001). Pathological examination revealed that the right ventricular hypertrophy index was significantly increased in the model group (P<0.001), with varying degrees of damage to the right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary vessels; both the pulmonary artery wall thickness percentage and the pulmonary wall area percentage were significantly elevated (P<0.001). ELISA results showed that the levels of ET‑1 and NT‑proBNP in lung tissues were significantly increased in the model group compared with the control group (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). Correlation analysis indicated that some echocardiographic parameters were highly correlated with multiple indices in the development of HPH (P<0.05). ConclusionEchocardiography can accurately assess a series of hemodynamic changes in HPH, including right ventricular structural, functional impairment, and pulmonary hypertension. Laboratory tests not only help verify whether the model has been successfully established, but also provide deeper insights into the pathogenesis of HPH, evaluate the effects of interventions, and offer scientific evidence for clinical outcomes. Pathological examination can further confirm the alterations in pulmonary vascular remodeling and increased right heart load. This multimodal analysis provides a reliable animal model and evaluation paradigm for both basic and translational research on HPH, and is of great significance for exploring disease mechanisms and developing precision therapeutic strategies.

Objective: To explore new therapeutic strategies for periodontitis, this study prepared extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) loaded with saikosaponin D (SSD) and evaluated their efficacy in a mouse model of periodontitis. Methods: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee and the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of the unit. hUC-MSCs at logarithmic growth phase were seeded into 96 well plates and then treated with various concentrations of SSD for 24 hours. The CCK-8 assay was used to determine the SSD concentration that preserves hUC-MSC viability. Flow cytometry (FCM) assessed SSD-induced apoptosis in hUC-MSCs and determined drug loading and loading efficiency. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterized the morphology and size of hUC-MSCs-EVs and hUC-MSCs-SSD-EVs. C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups with six mice per group: control group, periodontitis model group (PD), PD+SSD group (2 mg/kg), PD+hUC-MSCs-EVs group (10 μg/μL) and PD+hUC-MSCs-SSD-EVs group (10 μg/μL). Administration was performed 3 times a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining evaluated alveolar bone resorption in periodontal tissues of a mouse model of periodontitis. RT-qPCR measured inflammatory cytokine expression in periodontal tissues of a mouse model of periodontitis. Immunofluorescence analyzed macrophage M1/M2 polarization and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) protein expression in periodontal tissues of a mouse model of periodontitis. Results: The CCK-8 assay showed that 10 μmol/L SSD had little effect on hUC-MSCs viability (P>0.05). FCM confirmed the successful loading of SSD into EVs with a loading efficiency of 11.40%. TEM and NTA revealed that hUC-MSCs-SSD-EVs presented round or oval membranous structures with diameters ranging from 200 to 300 nm. Micro CT and HE staining showed that, compared with the PD group, the distance from cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) was markedly shortened (P<0.01）.The alveolar bone of periodontitis‑model bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular number (Tb.N) were significantly elevated in the PD+hUC-MSCs-SSD-EVs group (P<0.01). RT-qPCR and IF results showed that hUC-MSCs-SSD-EVs in periodontal tissues markedly downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-12 and interleukin-22 (P<0.01), upregulated the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 (P<0.01), promoted the polarization of macrophages from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype, and elevated the protein expression level of RUNX2 (P<0.01). Conclusion hUC-MSC-SSD-EVs effectively alleviated inflammatory responses in a mouse model of maxillary periodontitis and reduced alveolar bone loss, providing a new idea for the treatment of periodontitis.

Objective:To construct an evaluation indicator system for accessories of patient monitor,so as to provide a basis for clinical management,equipment procurement,and technical improvement for accessories of medical monitor.Methods:The initial selection indicators of corresponding accessories of three types of monitoring of medical monitors,including electrocardiogram(ECG),blood oxygen saturation(SpO2)and non-invasive blood pressure(NIBP),were determined through literature research,expert consultation,and actual investigation.The Delphi method was adopted to conduct two rounds of questionnaire consultation for experts from clinical medicine,biomedical engineering and other fields in medical institutions included Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital,The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University and Medical Institute of Chengdu Institute of Metrology Verification and Testing.The evaluation indicators were screened and optimized,and the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)was used to calculate the weights of each indicator.The consistency test was conducted to verify the rationality of the evaluation indicator system.Results:The evaluation indicator system for accessories of medical monitor included three first-level indicators:clinical value,cost value,and management value.The number of second-level indicators about ECG,SpO2 and NIBP of evaluation indicator system were respectively 10,9 and 8,and the number of third-level indicators of that were respectively 20,19,and 14.In the first-level indicators,the clinical value had the highest weight,with 72.49%for ECG,70.88%for SpO2 and 70.32%for NIBP.In the second-level indicators,the accuracy(28.70%for ECG,38.13%for SpO2 and 43.03%for NIBP)and safety(27.47%for ECG,26.48%for SpO2 and 23.06%for NIBP)were the core indicators.The weights of cost value and management value were between 14.62%and 17.41%,and between 12.27%and 12.89%,respectively.Conclusion:The evaluation indicator system for accessories of medical monitor integrates multi-dimensional expert opinions and quantitative analysis,highlights the priority principle for clinical performance.It can provide theoretical support for optimizing selection about accessory for medical institutions,and improving quality of monitoring,and promoting standardized management in the industry.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with secondary systemic capillary leak syndrome (SSCLS) induced by acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP). The goal is to enhance clinical understanding of this complication and provide a theoretical foundation for the early identification of high-risk patients and the optimization of individualized treatment strategies.Methods:Clinical data were collected from patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Fuyang People’s Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University between October 2019 and October 2024, who were diagnosed with acute dichlorvos poisoning. The clinical features of SSCLS were described, and patients were categorized into SSCLS and non-SSCLS groups. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted on statistically significant indicators to identify independent risk factors for SSCLS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the predictive value of these factors.Results:Among the 96 patients studied, 37 (38.5%) developed SSCLS. The median time from toxin ingestion to the onset of SSCLS was 3.0 (2.0-5.0) hours. In the 14 SSCLS survivors, the median duration of SSCLS was 50.0 (24-72) hours, whereas in the 23 non-survivors, it was 24.0 (12.0-35.0) hours. The mortality rate in the SSCLS group (62.16%, 23/37) was significantly higher than that in the non-SSCLS group (1.69%, 1/59) ( χ2=44.343, P<0.001). Blood toxin analysis detected trichlorfon components in 92 patients (95.83%). Binary multivariate logistic regression identified APACHE Ⅱ score and trichlorfon concentration (≥706.35 ng/mL) as independent risk factors for SSCLS ( P<0.05). ROC analysis revealed that the combination of these two factors had a higher predictive value ( P<0.05). Conclusions:In the diagnosis and treatment of acute dichlorvos (organophosphorus pesticide) poisoning, particular attention should be given to the combined toxic effects of dichlorvos and trichlorfon, which can lead to SSCLS. The onset and progression of SSCLS are rapid, and the condition is associated with a high mortality rate. Both APACHE Ⅱ scores and trichlorfon concentrations (≥706.35 ng/mL) are independent risk factors for the development of SSCLS, and their combined use enhances predictive accuracy. Early identification of high-risk patients and timely administration of individualized treatment are critical for reducing mortality rates. This revised abstract maintains the original meaning while improving clarity, flow, and readability. It ensures that the key points are presented in a structured and professional manner, suitable for a clinical audience.

Objective:To investigate the impact of flow diverter (FD) malapposition at the aneurysm neck on clinical outcomes and complications of intracranial aneurysms, and identify the influencing factors for intraoperative FD malapposition.Methods:A retrospective study was performed; 153 patients with unruptured saccular aneurysms at the C4-C7 segments of the internal carotid artery accepted single FD implantation at Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2022 to March 2024 were chosen. Intraoperative high-resolution C-arm CT was utilized to assess FD apposition at the aneurysm neck. (1) Based on FD apposition at the aneurysm neck as shown, these 153 patients were divided into a malapposition group ( n=23, including 16 patients with malapposition being identified as residual malapposition after intraoperative corrective measures such as microwire massage and 7 patients with malapposition being newly detected in this study) and a complete apposition group ( n=130). Perioperative and follow-up complications were recorded. Clinical outcomes were assessed using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at the final follow-up (mRS score of 0-2 as favorable outcome), and angiographic outcomes were evaluated by DSA at the final follow-up. Differences in clinical and angiographic outcomes and complication rate were compared between the malapposition group and complete apposition group. (2) Based on FD apposition at the aneurysm neck as shown, these 153 patients were divided into an intraoperative malapposition group ( n=74, including 67 patients with malapposition being detected during surgery and 7 patients with malapposition being newly detected in this study) and an intraoperative complete apposition group ( n=79). Univariate analysis was performed to compare the clinical variables between the intraoperative malapposition group and intraoperative complete apposition group; multivariate Logistic regression was further employed to identify the independent influencing factors for FD malapposition at the aneurysm neck. Results:(1) Four patients (all from the malapposition group) developed perioperative acute in-stent thrombosis. Nine patients experienced ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke during the follow-up, including 6 from the malapposition group and 3 from the complete apposition group; the complication rate in the malapposition group (6/23, 26.1%) was significantly higher than that in the complete apposition group (3/130, 2.3%) during the follow-up ( P<0.05). At the final follow-up, 2 patients (both from the malapposition group) had poor clinical outcome, while the remaining 151 patients had favorable outcome. Proportion of patients with favorable outcome between the two groups was statistically different (91.3%[21/23] vs. 100.0%[130/130], P<0.05). Delayed occlusion was detected in 46 patients (12 from the malapposition group and 34 from the complete apposition group) at the final angiographic follow-up. FD restenosis/re-occlusion was noted in 10 patients, including 6 from the malapposition group and 4 from the complete apposition group. Significant difference in delayed occlusion rate (52.2%[12/23] vs. 26.2%[34/130]) and long-term in-stent stenosis/occlusion rate (26.1%[6/23] vs. 3.1%[4/130]) was observed between the two groups ( P<0.05). (2) Significant difference in aneurysm neck diameter, FD angulation, parent artery stenosis, parent artery diameter ratio>1.2, and presence of branching vessels at the FD implantation site was noted between the intraoperative complete apposition group and intraoperative malapposition group ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression indicated that aneurysm neck diameter ( OR=1.431, 95% CI: 1.096-1.868, P=0.008), parent artery diameter ratio>1.2 ( OR=2.199, 95% CI: 1.083-4.463, P=0.029), and FD angulation ( OR=1.019, 95% CI: 1.002-1.036, P=0.027) were independent influencing factors for FD malapposition at the aneurysm neck. Conclusion:In FD implantation for intracranial aneurysms, FD malapposition at the aneurysm neck adversely affects delayed occlusion rate and complication rate; aneurysms with wider aneurysm neck diameter, parent artery diameter ratio>1.2, and greater FD angulation are trend to have FD malapposition at the aneurysm neck.

Natural products(NPs)have historically been a fundamental source for drug discovery.Yet the complex nature of NPs presents substantial challenges in pinpointing bioactive constituents,and corresponding targets.In the present study,an innovative natural product virtual screening-interaction-phenotype(NP-VIP)strategy that integrates virtual screening,chemical proteomics,and metabolomics to identify and validate the bioactive targets of NPs.This approach reduces false positive results and enhances the ef-ficiency of target identification.Salvia miltiorrhiza(SM),a herb with recognized therapeutic potential against ischemic stroke(IS),was used to illustrate the workflow.Utilizing virtual screening,chemical proteomics,and metabolomics,potential therapeutic targets for SM in the IS treatment were identified,totaling 29,100,and 78,respectively.Further analysis via the NP-VIP strategy highlighted five high-confidence targets,including poly[ADP-ribose]polymerase 1(PARP1),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),amyloid precursor protein(APP),glutamate-ammonia ligase(GLUL),and glutamate decarboxylase 67(GAD67).These targets were subsequently validated and found to play critical roles in the neuroprotective effects of SM.The study not only underscores the importance of SM in treating IS but also sets a precedent for NP research,proposing a comprehensive approach that could be adapted for broader pharmacological explorations.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of different endovascular interventional treatments for extracranial carotid artery pseudoaneurysms.Method:The clinical data of 48 patients with extracranial carotid artery pseudoaneurysms treated with multiple endovascular procedures were retrospectively analyzed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2012 to February 2024. The patients presented with a total of 48 extracranial carotid pseudoaneurysms, ranging in diameter from 2.5 to 34.2 mm [mean (12.0±9.6) mm]. The lesions were distributed as follows: 25 in the internal carotid artery, 16 in the external carotid artery and 7 in the common carotid artery. The selection of endovascular interventional techniques was tailored to individual cases according to the pseudoaneurysm size, anatomical location, morphological configuration, and specific features of the parent artery. Perioperative adverse events were monitored, and the efficacy of individualized endovascular interventional therapy was evaluated based on immediate postoperative and 6-month follow-up digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings, including aneurysm occlusion and in-stent patency.Result:The treatment modalities included parent artery coiling occlusion ( n=16), overlapping braided carotid stent implantation ( n=3), covered stent placement ( n=23), combined implantation of covered stent and braided carotid stent implantation ( n=4) and flow-diverting stent implantation ( n=2) based on the characteristics of the pseudoaneurysms. Endovascular interventional procedures were successfully completed in 47 patients (technical success rate: 97.9%). Immediate postoperative DSA revealed residual pseudoaneurysm at the distal end of the stent in 1 case. Among the remaining cases, complete aneurysm obliteration or faint opacification was observed, with stent lumen patency confirmed in 31 cases and complete parent artery occlusion achieved in 16 cases. In one case involving a patient who underwent flow-diverting stent implantation, a pulsatile vascular murmur reappeared in the neck one week postoperatively. Follow-up DSA revealed stent migration into the aneurysm sac. After retrieval and removal of the displaced stent, combined implantation of a covered stent and a braided carotid artery stent was performed. Postoperative angiography confirmed complete aneurysm occlusion and patent parent artery blood flow. No severe perioperative adverse events (e.g., aneurysm rupture) were observed. During a postoperative follow-up period of 6.2-24.2 months, DSA at 6 months revealed mild in-stent or distal segment stenosis in 2 patients who underwent covered stent implantation. The remaining 46 patients exhibited complete aneurysm occlusion with no significant stenosis observed within the stent lumen. At the final follow-up, all patients demonstrated resolution or significant alleviation of clinical symptoms. Conclusion:Individualized endovascular interventional therapy demonstrates favorable safety and efficacy profiles in managing extracranial carotid artery pseudoaneurysms.

Guidelines for Digital Ancient Books of TCM Indexing(T/CIATCM 119-2024)is based on the theoretical knowledge,disciplinary methods,and practical applications of TCM classical cataloging.Taking digital ancient books of TCM as the object,it systematically reveals the content of TCM knowledge,which is an essential indexing processing standard for building an intelligent retrieval system for TCM ancient books,and can provide support for the deep development and innovative utilization of TCM knowledge.It can not only promote the co-construction and sharing of ancient book resources in the TCM industry,but also promote the standardization construction and application of TCM information.This standard specifies the principles,methods,and examples of free indexing of digital ancient books of TCM based on their original content.It is applicable to the indexing and processing of digital ancient books of TCM for TCM professional libraries and related institutions,and to the data processing and construction of various types of TCM ancient book databases.