Callicarpa is an important medicinal plant in China, which has hemostatic, antibacterial, and antioxidant pharmacological effects, and the efficacy of astringing and arresting bleeding, clearing heat and detoxification, activating blood, and resolving stasis is outstanding. At the same time, Callicarpa can be used as an ornamental plant because of its gorgeous flowers and fruits. Callicarpa has good market development prospects, but the long seed reproduction cycle directly limits the large demand for seedlings in its industrial development. Asexual reproduction technology is the basis for the industrialization development of Callicarpa, which is helpful in producing high-quality seedlings and medicinal materials. Although Chinese and foreign scholars have achieved remarkable results in the study of asexual reproduction of Callicarpa, there is no report on the large-scale production of seedlings of Callicarpa. Integrating and improving its asexual reproduction technology can promote the development and utilization of Callicarpa, improve its medicinal value, and create significant economic benefits. Therefore, the authors reviewed the effects of cutting, season, plant growth regulators, substrates, environment, and management measures on the cutting of Callicarpa and the research progress of tissue culture propagation affected by explants, basic media, exogenous additives, subculture cycles, culture conditions, and transplanting substrates. The mechanism of adventitious root formation was reviewed at the cellular, physiological, and biochemical levels, so as to put forward the problems and corresponding solutions in the study of asexual propagation technology and regulatory mechanism of Callicarpa and point out the future research directions. The study aims to provide a reference for in-depth research on the asexual propagation technology of Callicarpa and the commercial production of its high-quality seedlings.
Reproduction, Asexual ; Plants, Medicinal/physiology* ; Seedlings/growth & development* ; Tissue Culture Techniques

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of the medicated stick massage at meridian knot points in treating Qi stagnation and blood stasis type lumbar disc herniation(LDH)based on the meridian theory.Methods The patients with LDH in the ward 5 of orthopedics department in this hospital from Sep-tember 2024 to April 2025 were selected as the research subjects.On the basis of routine treatment and care,the control group adopted the medicated stick massage at points,while the experimental group adopted the medicated stick massage at meridian knots.The visual analogue scale(VAS)scores,Japanese Orthopaedic So-ciety(JOA)score,TCM syndrome scores and TCM syndrome therapeutic effects before intervention and in two weeks after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results The VAS scores,each item score and total score of JOA,TCM syndrome scores and TCM therapeutic effects after 2-week intervention in the experimental group all were superior to those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Selecting the medicated stick massage at the meridian knots under the guidance of meridian theory could significantly improve the pain symptoms,lumbar function,TCM syndrome scores,the therapeutic effects are definite,and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

OBJECTIVE: Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and vascular dementia (VD); however, these findings are inconsistent. It remains unclear whether these associations are causal. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies (GWASs) was performed. Genetic correlation and Bayesian co-localization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence. RESULTS: Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this meta-analysis. IBD was significantly associated with dementia (risk ratio [ RR] =1.36, 95% CI = 1.04-1.78; I ² = 84.8%) and VD ( RR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.18-5.70; only one study), but not with AD ( RR = 2.00, 95% CI = 0.96-4.13; I ² = 99.8%). MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia (dementia: odds ratio [ OR] = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.98-1.03; AD: OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.95-1.01; VD: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.97-1.07). In addition, genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia. CONCLUSION Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk. The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications* ; Dementia/etiology* ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Genome-Wide Association Study

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 and γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) rs11545078 gene polymorphisms on plasma concentrations and toxicity following high-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS: Children with ALL treated at the Xuzhou Children's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2021 to April 2024 were selected for this study. Genotypes of MTHFR rs1801133 and GGH rs11545078 were determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. MTX plasma concentrations were measured by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique, and toxicity was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. The relationships between MTHFR rs1801133 and GGH rs11545078 genotypes and both MTX plasma concentrations and associated toxicities were analyzed. RESULTS: In the low-risk ALL group, the MTHFR rs1801133 genotype was associated with increased MTX plasma concentrations at 72 hours (P<0.05). In the intermediate- to high-risk group, the MTHFR rs1801133 genotype was associated with increased MTX plasma concentrations at 48 hours (P<0.05), and the GGH rs11545078 genotype was associated with increased MTX plasma concentrations at 48 hours (P<0.05). In the intermediate- to high-risk group, the MTHFR rs1801133 genotype was associated with the occurrence of reduced hemoglobin (P<0.05), and the GGH rs11545078 genotype was associated with the occurrence of thrombocytopenia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Detection of MTHFR rs1801133 and GGH rs11545078 genotypes can be used to predict increased MTX plasma concentrations and the occurrence of toxic reactions in high-dose MTX treatment of ALL, enabling timely interventions to enhance safety.
Humans ; Methotrexate/toxicity* ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)/genetics* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood* ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase/genetics* ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects* ; Infant ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Adolescent ; Genotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Background:To compare the efficacy and safety of monthly administrations of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists LY01005 and Zoladex ? in Chinese patients with premenopausal breast cancer. Methods:From October 2020 to November 2021, 188 premenopausal breast cancer patients were enrolled in 34 hospitals and randomized 1:1 to receive either LY01005 or Zoladex ? every 28 days for a total of three injections. All patients concomitantly received oral tamoxifen (TAM). The primary efficacy endpoint was cumulative probability of maintaining menopausal level [oestradiol (E2) ≤30 pg/ml] from day 29 to day 85. The second efficacy endpoint included changes in E2, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) compared with the baseline. Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety were analyzed. The study also evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of LY01005. Results:A total of 188 patients were randomised and 187 patients received either LY01005 or Zoladex ?. Cumulative probabilities of maintaining menopausal level (E2≤30 pg/ml) from day 29 to day 85 were 93.1% for LY01005 and 86.3% for Zoladex ?. The between-group difference was 6.8% (95% CI: -2.3%, 15.9%) and primary efficacy in the LY01005 group was not inferior to that in the Zoladex ? group. Changes in E2, LH, and FSH levels compared with the baseline were equivalent between the two groups (E2: 89.34% to 90.23% vs. 82.11% to 85.02%; LH: 88.89% to 95.52% vs. 89.70% to 97.02%; FSH: 75.36% to 80.85% vs.73.07% to 80.24%, respectively). After three consecutive doses of LY01005, the LH and FSH levels of the subjects showed a transient increase after the first dose, reached a peak on the second day and then started to decrease. The LH and FSH reached a lower level and remained at or below that level until the 85th day. Both treatments were well-tolerated. Conclusion:LY01005 is as effective as Zoladex ? in suppressing E2 to menopausal levels in Chinese patients with premenopausal breast cancer, with a similar safety profile.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy of endoscopic nasal surgery for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) with orbital invasion, the factors affecting the prognosis of patients, and the treatment strategies for preserving the eyeball.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study, including 60 cases of SNSCC with orbital invasion treated in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from October 2009 to October 2019. The cohort comprised 39 males and 21 females, aged 33-72 years. Orbital invasion was graded: Grade Ⅰ (destruction of the orbital bone wall), Grade Ⅱ (involvement of the periorbita/orbital fascia, extraconal fat, or medial lacrimal sac), and Grade Ⅲ (involvement of extraocular muscles, eyeball, orbital apex, or optic nerve). All cases underwent multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT), including otolaryngology, ophthalmology and oncology radiotherapy departments, and endoscopic nasal surgery. Survival curves were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, Log-rank test and Cox risk model were used for univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively.Results:Primary tumor sites were maxillary sinus in 19 cases (31.7%, including 6 cases of pterygopalatine fossa), ethmoid sinus in 25 cases (41.7%, 5 cases with skull base bone involvement but not dura mater), nasal cavity in 11 cases (18.3%), frontal sinus in 3 cases (5.0%), and sphenoid sinus in 2 cases (3.3%). Clinical stages included stage Ⅲ in 53 (88.3%) and stage Ⅳ in 7 (11.7%). The surgical methods of orbital invasion cases were as follows: 18 cases (30.0%) of grade I underwent orbital bone wall resection with orbital fascia and orbital contents preserved; 36 cases (60.0%) in Grade Ⅱ were resected the involved orbital fascia, extra-cone fat and lacrimal sac and preserved the internal cone structure of extra-ocular muscle. Six cases (10.0%) were grade Ⅲ, of which 2 cases were subjected to selective extraocular muscle resection with preserving eyeballs, and 4 cases were subjected to orbital contents removal. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of all patients were 76.7% and 63.3%, respectively, and the 5-year survival rate of the local recurrence-free group was significantly higher than that of the recurrence group (69.4% vs. 36.4%, χ2=3.91, P=0.048). The 5-year survival rates were significantly negatively correlated with the degrees of orbital invasions (83.3% for grade Ⅰ, 58.3% for grade Ⅱ and 33.3% for grade Ⅲ, ( χ2=10.49, P=0.005). The effects of T stages (66.7% in stage T3 vs. 33.3% in stage T4, χ2=7.21, P=0.007) and clinical stages (67.9% in stage III vs. 28.6% in stage IV, χ2=11.80, P=0.001) on survival rates were statistically significant. The 5-year survival rate of patients with cervical lymph node metastases was significantly lower than that of patients without metastasis (37.5% vs. 67.3%, χ2=8.32, P=0.004). The tumor-free survival rate was 56.7%. Cox multivariate analysis identified T stage [ HR=3.53 (95% CI: 1.31-9.52)] and clinical stage [ HR=35.14 (95% CI: 1.88-658.62)] as independent prognostic factors (both P<0.05). Conclusions:The outcomes of patients with orbital invasion in SNSCC are associated with T stage and clinical stage. If the muscle cone and the structures within the muscle cone are not invaded, eye-preserving surgery is feasible.