Background: More than 60 zoonotic diseases can be transmitted from dogs (Canis lupus familiar’s) to humans, one of which is cystic echinococcosis (CE). Approximately 270 million people in Central Asia live in areas at risk for CE, and Mongolia is included in this region. The transmission of zoonotic infection is facilitated by the movement of humans, livestock, and dogs, as well as trade and cross-border interactions between countries. Aim: To determine the helminth fauna in the dog populations of selected soums of Bayan-Ulgii Province, identify zoonotic pathogens, and investigate Taeniidae infection. Materials and Methods: Seven soums of Bayan-Ulgii province bordering the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China were selected using a targeted sampling approach. Domestic dogs belonging to 300 individuals who underwent abdominal ultrasound screening for cystic echinococcosis were included after obtaining consent for deworming. Anthelmintic treatment (5 mg/kg) was administered, and fecal samples from 95 dogs were collected post-treatment. Helminth eggs were identified to determine the helminth fauna. DNA was extracted from samples positive for Taeniidae eggs using a DNA extraction kit (Qiagen, Stool DNA kit, Germany). The mitochondrial cox1 gene was amplified by PCR using F/COI and R/COI primers to determine infection status. Results: The helminth fauna of the dog population in Bayan-Ulgii province consisted of members of the Taeniidae family and the genus Ascaris, as well as Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis, Macracanthorhynchus catulinus, Oncicola canis, Strongyloides canis, and Alaria canis. Prevalence rates were as follows Taeniidae 10.5%, T. canis 4.2%, S. canis 3.2%, A. canis 2.1%, Ascaris 2.1%, T. vulpis 2.1%, O.canis 3.2%, M. catulinus 5.2%. Among these, T. canis, T. vulpis, A. canis, and members of the Taeniidae family are zoonotic parasites transmissible from dogs to humans. DNA was extracted from 10 samples positive for Taeniidae eggs. Amplification of the cox1 gene using COI primers revealed an 880 bp band in 9 samples (90%), confirming infection. Conclusions 1. The helminth fauna of dogs in selected soums of Bayan-Ulgii Province consisted of helminths belonging to 1 family, 1 genus, and 6 species. 2. Taeniidae infection was detected in 9.0% of dogs in the selected soums of Bayan-Ulgii Province.

Background: The family Taeniidae (Ludwig, 1886) belongs to the class Cestoda, phylum Platyhelminthes, and order Cyclophyllidea. Zoonotic parasites within this family, particularly Taenia and Echinococcus species, impose a significant socio-economic burden in developing countries. Aim: To determine the prevalence of Taeniidae infection in the domestic dog population of selected soums in Sukhbaatar Province and to identify associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 135 domestic dogs from seven soums bordering China in Sukhbaatar Province were dewormed, and post-treatment fecal samples were collected for the detection of Taeniidae eggs. DNA was extracted from egg-positive samples using the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Germany). The cox1 gene was amplified using F/COI and R/COI primers through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm infection. Associations between Taeniidae infection and potential risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Taeniidae eggs were detected in 35 of 135 fecal samples (25.9%). The mean number of eggs per gram of feces varied among samples. PCR amplification confirmed Taeniidae infection in 30 of the 35 egg-positive samples (85.7%), producing an 880-base pair fragment. The analysis revealed that several owner-related and management-related factors were significantly associated with an increased risk of Taeniidae infection in domestic dogs, including type of residence (OR=12.18; 95% CI: 1.51-98.89; p<0.019), allowing dogs to roam freely (OR=8.08; 95% CI: 2.19–29.73; p<0.002), and feeding dogs raw livestock viscera (OR=265.12; 95% CI: 16.2-4561.7; p<0.0001). Conclusion A 22.2% prevalence of Taeniidae infection was identified among domestic dogs in selected soums of Sukhbaatar Province. Household living conditions, allowing dogs to roam freely without restraint, and feeding dogs raw livestock organs and offal were identified as significant risk factors associated with Taeniidae infection.

Background: In recent years, natural compounds have been shown to play an important role in cancer prevention and early-stage therapy. Flavanones, a class of polyphenolic compounds present in plants, vegetables, seeds, fruit peels, and flowers, have been identified to possess anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial bioactivities. Cancer has become a major global economic and public health challenge. According to international statistics, one in four individuals (22.8%) die from non-communicable diseases, while one in six (16.8%) die from cancer. Aim: To investigate the effect of a flavanone (5,2’,3’-trihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavanone) isolated from Iris tenuifolia on the migration of liver cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Institute of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. The effect of the flavanone (5,2’,3’-trihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavanone) on cancer cell migration was evaluated in vitro using the scratch assay. Human liver cancer cells (HepG2) were revived and stabilized before experiments were performed. Results: HepG2 cells were treated with a 2.5 μg/mL concentration of the flavanone for 24 hours. In the control group, an initial scratch width of 0.9 mm was reduced to 0.65 mm after 24 hours due to cell proliferation and migration into the denuded area. However, treatment with the 2.5 μg/mL flavanone concentration resulted in the complete inhibition of cell migration. Conclusion The flavanone isolated from Iris tenuifolia effectively suppresses the migration of liver cancer cells.

Background: In recent years, natural compounds have been shown to play an important role in cancer prevention and early-stage therapy. Flavanones, a class of polyphenolic compounds present in plants, vegetables, seeds, fruit peels, and flowers, have been identified to possess anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial bioactivities. Cancer has become a major global economic and public health challenge. According to international statistics, one in four individuals (22.8%) die from non-communicable diseases, while one in six (16.8%) die from cancer. Aim: To investigate the effect of flavanone (5,2’,3’-trihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavanone) isolated from Iris tenuifolia on the migration of lung cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Institute of Biomedicine, MNUMS. The effect of flavanone (5,2’,3’-trihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavanone) on cancer cell migration was evaluated in vitro using the scratch assay. Human lung cancer cells (A549) were revived and stabilized before experiments were performed. Results: We treated A549 cancer cells with different concentrations of flavanone (1.25 μg/ml, 2.5 μg/ml) for 24 hours and analyzed them using the scratch assay. A cell-free gap of 0.9 mm in width was created, and after 24 hours, A549 cells migrated and proliferated into the gap, reducing its width to 0.25 mm. Treatment with 2.5 μg/ml flavanone completely inhibited cell migration. Conclusion Flavanone isolated from Iris tenuifolia inhibits lung cancer cell migration in a doseand time-dependent manner.

Background: In recent years, scientists have found that certain natural compounds have significant potential in cancer prevention and early-stage cancer treatment. Flavanones, a class of polyphenolic compounds found in plants, vegetables, seeds, fruit peels, and flowers, have been identified to possess anticancer, antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, and antibacterial bioactivities. Cancer has become a major global challenge in terms of both economic and public health concerns. Global statistics indicate that 22.8% of deaths are attributed to non-communicable diseases, and 16.8% are caused by cancer, accounting for one in four and one in six deaths, respectively. Aim : To investigate anticancer effects of Iris Tenuifolia-derived flavanone on cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods : The study was conducted at the Bio-Medical Research Institute of the Mongolian National Uni versity of Medical Sciences, investigating the effect of flavanones on cancer cell viability under in vitro conditions using the MTT assay. In the study, colon, liver, and lung cancer cells were cultured, stabilized, and used for the experiments. Colorectal cancer cells (MC38), liver cancer cells (HepG2), and lung cancer cells (A549) were revived, cultured, and stabilized for use in the experimental procedures. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010, and graphs were generated using GraphPad Prism 8. Differences between groups were analyzed using Student’s t-test, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results : We treated MC38, HepG2, and A549 cancer cells with different concentrations of flavanone (2.5 µM, 5 µM, and 10 µM) for 24 to 48 hours to evaluate cell viability. Flavanone inhibited A549 cell viability by 2.5 μM-10%, 5 μM-25%, and 10 μM-38%, respectively. For HepG2 cells, flavanone treatment at concentrations of 5-10 µM reduced cell viability by 28–58%. No statistically significant effect on the viability of MC38 cells was observed following treatment with flavanone at concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 10 µM. Additionally, although MC38 inhibited cell viability in a dose-de pendent manner in cell cultures, it had a statistically significant effect at higher concentrations of 30-200 μM (p<0.01). Conclusion Flavanone inhibits the cancer cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner

Background: Hypokalemia is considered when the serum potassium level is less than 3.5 mmol/L. Clinical research indicates that hypokalemia affects 20% of hospitalized patients, and in 24% of these cases, inadequate interventions result in life-threatening complications. At present, there is no research available on the prevalence, management, and outcomes of hypokalemia in hospitalized patients, which justifies the need for this study. Aim: The study aimed to examine the prevalence of hypokalemia and the effectiveness of its management in hospitalized patients within the internal medicine department, in relation to the knowledge of doctors and resident physicians. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based retrospective study included a total of 553 cases of patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Department of the Mongolia Japan Hospital between January 2024 and August 2024. Patients with a potassium level of <3.5 mmol/L were diagnosed with hypokalemia, and the effectiveness of potassium replacement therapy was evaluated according to the method of supplementation employed. Results: The prevalence of hypokalemia among hospitalized patients in the Internal Medicine Department was 9.8% (54 cases). Based on the study criteria, 42 cases of hypokalemia were selected for further analysis, and a total of 118 potassium replacements were performed through oral, intravenous, and mixed methods. Following potassium replacement therapy, 37.3% (44) of patients achieved normalized potassium levels, while 62.7% (74) still had persistent hypokalemia. Conclusion According to the study results, the prevalence of hypokalemia among hospitalized patients in the Internal Medicine Department is 9.8%. The method of potassium replacement and the severity of hypokalemia do not impact the normalization of potassium levels, with the critical factor being the proper dosage of supplementation. The knowledge of doctors and resident physicians regarding hypokalemia is insufficient, and there is a need to implement guidelines and protocols for potassium replacement therapy in daily clinical practice.

Background: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is described by researchers as a condition that results from fluid under the retinal pigment epithelium, originating from the choroid of the eye. This disease usually affects the central part of vision and may resolve on its own over time, though in some cases, it can persist for long periods or recur. In our country, there is a lack of research regarding this condition, which led to the motivation for gathering and reviewing existing works on this topic. Aim: To collect and analyze a review of the studies on central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Methods: We reviewed and analyzed literature related to CSCR published in electronic sources such as Thomson Reuters, PubMed-central database, and Google Scholar using literature review methods. Results: CSCR is most commonly seen in individuals aged 35-55 years, with a significantly higher prevalence in men (9.9/100,000) compared to women (1.7/100,000). Researchers found that the prevalence of CSCR is nearly the same among populations in Europe, Africa, and Asia. CSCR typically affects one eye, but it occurs in both eyes in up to 40% of cases. Weenink A (2001) studied the family members of 27 patients with bilateral CSCR, finding that 52% of family members had been diagnosed with CSCR, and 27.5% of them had chronic CSCR in at least one eye. This suggests a potential genetic predisposition to CSCR. According to researchers, while CSCR can be diagnosed clinically, additional imaging techniques like fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography are frequently used to rule out other diagnoses and guide treatment. Conclusion CSCR generally has a favorable prognosis, but recurrences and its effects on visual function indicate the need for effective management strategies. To maintain long-term visual improvement, it is essential to provide healthcare services tailored to the patient’s specific conditions and risk factors.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer originating from liver cells, classified as a chronic liver disease. This cancer ranks third in the world in terms of mortality rate. The MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) and Child-Pugh scoring systems are utilized to assess the prognosis of chronic liver diseases. Based on studies suggesting that certain blood test indicators, particularly red cell distribution width (RDW), could be used to predict the prognosis of liver cancer and other cancers, as well as serve as diagnostic markers, this topic was chosen to evaluate the clinical significance of RDW in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aim: The aim is to study some blood test indicators and compare them with the MELD score and Child-Pugh score systems in order to determine the prognosis of chronic liver diseases. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted at Mongolia-Japan Hospital. Among 322 patients diagnosed with HCC, 24 patients were selected for the case group, and 37 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in the control group. Results: According to the research criteria, 61 patients were selected and divided into 3 groups, and statistical analysis was performed. In the detailed blood test, platelet count and WBC count showed statistically significant differences among the 3 groups (p< 0.024). In the biochemical tests, C-reactive protein (CRP) was p< 0.018, total bilirubin p< 0.001, and the mean albumin level p< 0.015, all showing statistically significant differences among the 3 groups. A statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between RDW-CV and the clinical MELD score (r=-0.356). Conclusion Platelet count, RDW, CRP, total bilirubin, and average albumin levels are significantly different across the studied groups. RDW-CV shows a moderate inverse correlation with MELD scores, suggesting its potential as a prognostic marker in chronic liver diseases. Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to confirm these findings.

Introduction: Orthopedic surgery is a highrisk of surgical formation of thromboemboliccomplications.Many researchers are exploringprevent surgical complications.Anticoagulanttreatment is the first choice to preventthromboembolic complications.Artificial jointreplacement surgery has been made in 2008,in National First Central Hospitals (NFCH).Wehave not guideline of anticoagulant treatmentafter surgery and have not principle of choisefollow-drug treatment and unclear testingschedule to monitor anticoagulant treatment,that has become the basis for this study. Westudied by comparing a comparative benefitfor anticoagulant treatment of unfractionatedand low molecular weight heparin results.And studied thromboembolic complications,monitoring test of anticoagulant treatment,fatal bleeding, changes hemostasis ofanticoagulant therapy in both groups. Thesurvey results in practice is doing researchaims to introduce and review the results of thelong-term results.Materials and Methods: Included in thesurvey about 1,400 patients, who had kneeand hip replacement surgery in 2008-2016, inJoint Center of NFCH. All patients are dividedin three group. The first group is control group,do not use anticoagulation treatment, in thesecond group used unfractionated heparin andin the third group used low-molecular-weightheparin.Each group studied comparativewhether thromboembolic complications anddeath caused by thromboembolic, fatalbleeding.Between surgical complication andanticoagulant therapy relationship to investigatethe relationship the correlation is likely trueof 95%. Caused by other thromboemboliccomplications detected cases were removedfrom the study.Results: Control groups has not hospitalmortality, but has 3 cases of sudden death ina after discharge.Hemostasis is longer (INR1,3-1,5) in the second group. There hospitalmortality occurred in 1 (cardiac infarction),and thromboembolic complications 1 (arterialthrombosis in the jugular) in the third group.Low molecular weight heparin are no changeshemostasis, it is strongly dependent (r=0,8).Also in this group there is no fatal bleeding.Conclusions: Orthopedic surgery isnecessary for prevention of thromboemboliccomplications are showing from in controlgroup has sudden death.2 groups have not fatalbleeding when used heparin in normal doses.Other countries researchers conclude lowmolecular-weight-heparin is more effectivethan unfractionated heparin, our study is notvisible correlation reliability.When used lowmolecularweight heparin, hemostasis is notchanged is showing a strong dependence.

Introduction: We performed more than1200 arthroplasty surgeries at National FirstCentral Hospitalfrom 2008, so we haveour surgical technique and experiences.Thepurpose of this study is to assess our surgicalresults and complications after surgery forfemoral neck fracture made in Joint Center,National First Central Hospital, and tocomparingsimilar studies in other countries,and to develop the best optionsurgicaltherapy.Materials and Methods: Between 2008-2015, hip replacement surgery accountedatotal of 168 cases, that was 13.9% allof replacement surgery. A retrospectiveanalysis of patient database based onhospital discharge data and medical recordswas performed. The medical records ofthese patients were reviewed to confirmthe presence of a surgical site infection asdescribed by the Centers for Disease Control(CDC)/NNIS guidelines.Results: Between 2008-2015, in theJoint Center,National First Central Hospital,are seeing increasing number of patientswith hip replacement surgery each year.The cause for hip replacement surgery isaseptic necrosis (42%), at second is femoralneck fractures (22%). Joint Center,NationalFirst Central Hospital currently not providedemergency trauma care center. Therefore,younger patient with femoral neck fracturewas not to happen duringresearch. Olderthan 60 year patients with osteoporosis and,in some cases with nonunion, was doneforhip replacement surgery. The averageage of 75.7 (61-87).Bipolar hip arthroplastywas 14 cases all of 36 patients with femoralneck fracture.9 (5,31%), complications ariseall of hip replacement surgery (168 cases).Including: Infection - 1 (0.59%), sliding - 1(0.59%), dislocation - 2 (1.78%), fracture- 2 (1,18%), nerve injury - 2 (1,18%) andpostoperative mortality - 1 (0.59%).Conclusion: Internal Fixation- for patientage under 60 andgood bone quality. Thatoperation complication is femoral headnecrosis, not healing /nonunion/ delivery ofa lot of research that shows focus. Further,most surgery for femoral neck fracture is hipreplacement that is expected to be widelyavailable.