The surface electrocardiogram (ECG) can provide many clues to a patient’s underlying medical condition or tendency for arrhythmogenesis. An 80-year-old man with severe aortic stenosis and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for advanced heart block presented with burping, chest discomfort and intermittent pounding sensations. His ECG showed atrial fibrillation with intermittent ventricular pacing at 60 bpm characterized by irregularly irregular rhythm, absent P waves, narrow intrinsic QRS complexes alternating with wide-paced beats (left bundle branch block [LBBB] morphology, superior axis) and visible pacing spikes. Device interrogation revealed ventricular tachycardia (VT) storm with multiple appropriate ICD shocks explaining his pounding sensations. This report highlights two key teaching points: recognizing atrial fibrillation during ventricular pacing—a frequently missed diagnosis affecting nearly half of patients with pacemakers—and managing VT storm to reduce shock burden. After device reprogramming and antiarrhythmic adjustment, the patient became asymptomatic.

Human ; Male ; Aged: 65-79 Yrs Old ; Thorax ; Teaching ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Electrocardiography ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Bundle-branch Block ; Constriction, Pathologic

OBJECTIVES

This study protocol aims to explore the perceptions of OT educators in the Philippines regarding the use of AI in OT education and to identify perceived facilitators and barriers to its implementation in OT educational settings.

METHODS

A qualitative descriptive design will be employed using purposive sampling. Approximately 10–12 OT educators from a higher education institution in Metro Manila, Philippines, will be recruited. Data will be collected through a focus group discussion to elicit in-depth perspectives on AI use in OT education. Thematic analysis will be conducted to identify recurring patterns and overarching themes related to AI integration.

RESULTS

The study protocol includes its expected results, which are to provide context-specific insights into the opportunities and challenges associated with integrating AI in OT education in the Philippines. Findings may inform instructional strategies, curriculum development, institutional policies, investment in technological infrastructure, and faculty development initiatives related to AI adoption

CONCLUSION

 

Human ; Therapeutics ; Volition ; Teaching ; Focus Groups ; Occupational Therapy

BACKGROUND : Artificial intelligence (AI) offers innovative and efficient training methods for neurosurgery residents, yet existing evidence remains fragmented, often limited to specific technological applications and failing to fully assess their impact on clinical competence. Therefore, this study aimed to map the current evidence on AI applications in neurosurgery and curriculum development. METHODS : This study was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines by searching for observational or experimental studies on AI in neurosurgery residency education (2020–2025) in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Keywords included variations of “training,” “artificial intelligence,” and “neurosurgery”. After screening 719 initial records and assessing their eligibility, 10 studies were selected for narrative synthesis. RESULTS : A review of 10 studies reveals 2 key roles for AI in neurosurgical training: improving psychomotor skills through machine learning-integrated simulators and reinforcing theoretical knowledge through large language models (LLMs). Virtual reality (VR) simulators such as NeuroVR and virtual operative assistant provide objective metrics and personalized feedback, with assessment accuracy of up to 80%. LLMs such as ChatGPT show 50.4–84.8% accuracy in answering exam questions. However, simulators cannot yet capture all surgical competencies, and LLMs are still weak in processing image-based data. CONCLUSIONS AI can improve neurosurgical training through personalized, objective learning tools, but AI simulators and LLMs remain supplements and cannot replace human expertise in clinical reasoning and complex image interpretation.
artificial intelligence ; education ; internship and residency ; medicine ; neurosurgery ; simulation training

Synthetic biology is a crucial tool for the development of the bio-industry and bio-economy, representing a significant aspect of new quality productive forces. As a core course for graduate students in bioengineering, Synthetic Biology plays a vital role in ensuring the supply of essential talents for the development of the bio-industry in the new era. To better serve regional economic development and provide high-level talents for China's progress in the bio-industry, we analyzed typical issues encountered in the past teaching activities, set up a multi-disciplinary teaching team, optimized the course contents, adjusted the teaching mode, and mobilized students' learning interest. With the application of scientific research project as the starting point, we guided students to think and discuss deeply through the simulation of application writing and project defense, which improved students' critical thinking and innovative thinking. With industrialization as a focus, we explored a new training model combining production, education, and research through the joint practice base of the university and enterprises introduced typical cases of biomanufacturing to encourage students to engage in scientific research. The teaching reform significantly enhances the comprehensive abilities and national sentiments of graduate students. This paper hopes to serve as a reference for colleagues engaged in teaching in this field.
Synthetic Biology/education* ; Teaching ; China ; Humans

Protein Engineering and Enzyme Engineering is a professional core course for life science-related majors in higher education, aiming to help students apply theoretical knowledge to engineering practice. The rapid development of biomanufacturing has placed new demands on the training of protein and enzyme engineers. However, due to the complexity and strong interdisciplinary nature of the course contents, traditional offline teaching modes have poor teaching performance and are unable to meet the era's demand for high-tech innovative talents in the field of biomanufacturing. To solve the above problems, we carried out the exploration and practice of blended teaching in Protein Engineering and Enzyme Engineering. We designed the teaching philosophy characterized by collaboration of online and offline learning, integration of pre-class preparation, in-class learning, and post-class review, linkage of online platforms, learning resources, teachers, and students, and enhancement via scientific research, scientific contests, course experiments, production practice, and lesson learning. We developed a three-phase (pre-class, in-class, and post-class) teaching program and established a two-level (online-offline) teaching evaluation mechanism. This teaching mode upholds the student-oriented concept, strengthens the deep integration of theory and practice, and focuses on cultivating students' innovative thinking and practical ability. The practical results show that this teaching mode can improve the teaching quality of Protein Engineering and Enzyme Engineering, enhance students' scientific and technological innovation ability, and meet the national demand for biomanufacturing talents.
Protein Engineering ; Teaching ; Enzymes/genetics* ; Humans

Environmental Microbiology, as a compulsory foundational course for the major of environmental and ecological engineering. Its knowledge system not only lays a profound theoretical foundation but also evinces a close-knit nexus to practical applications in environmental protection and ecological restoration. This course thus serves as an outstanding platform facilitating both teaching reforms and practical innovations of professional courses. With Environmental Microbiology as a paradigmatic illustration, this paper concentrates on addressing issues like archaic course contents and enervating teaching approaches, with the aspiration of augmenting students' professional acuities, practical dexterities, and innovation and entrepreneurial aptitudes. In light of the aforesaid aim, we initiated an all-encompassing probe into the teaching reform and practicable paradigms from the perspective of amalgamating professional education with innovation-steered stratagems. Across multiple fronts, comprehensive reformative undertakings were implemented, subsuming the optimization and reconfiguration of course contents, the exploration of sundry teaching methodologies, and the scientific erection of an evaluation system. Ultimately, a nascent teaching model dubbed "three-dimensional, six-loop and five-collaborative" was formed. This series of comprehensive and innovative reform measures has not only substantially augmented the profundity and extensiveness of professional knowledge, permeating into the core of disciplinary essence, but also remarkably bolstered students' practical operational capabilities and innovative thinking patterns, thereby catalyzing their transformation into well-rounded individuals with a competitive edge. By virtue of these efforts, a solid foundation has been firmly laid for the teaching reform of Environmental Microbiology and the cultivation of high-caliber environmental professionals in the contemporary era, heralding a new chapter in the development of environmental education.
Environmental Microbiology ; Teaching ; Education, Professional/methods* ; Curriculum

Objective To analyze the research status of in situ simulation in the medical field and explore its hotspots and trends. Methods Relevant literature was searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science core collection from the inception to February 2024.CiteSpace 6.3.R1 was used to analyze the authors,institutions,and keywords and draw visual knowledge maps. Results A total of 25 Chinese articles and 438 English articles were included.Only 14 English articles were from China.In Chinese articles,the authors with the largest number of articles were Dai Hengmao and Liu Shangkun,and the institution with the largest number of articles was Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.There was little cooperation between the authors and institutions.In English articles,the author and institution with the largest number of articles was Auerbach Marc and Yale University,respectively,and the cooperation between authors and institutions was close.Emergency medicine,emergency event handling,and on-the-job training were the keywords with high frequency in Chinese articles.Patient safety,medical education,and cardiac arrest were the keywords with high frequency in English articles.A total of 4 clusters were generated for Chinese keywords and 13 clusters for English keywords. Conclusions The application of in situ simulation in the medical field is still in the initial stage,and the development is not balanced at home and abroad.The number of articles published and the cooperation between authors and institutions in China obviously lags behind those abroad.Treatment and care of emergency critical patients,emergency event handling and skill training,identification of latent safety threats,improvement of readiness,and promotion of medical quality improvement are the future research hotspots and research trends in this field.
Bibliometrics ; Humans ; China ; Simulation Training ; Education, Medical ; Emergency Medicine/education*

BACKGROUND

Simulation immerses learners in guided replications of real-life experiences. Simulation-based learning in the health profession allows trainees and professionals to practice skills in a controlled environment using various modalities, enhancing patient safety and minimizing clinical errors.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the profile of Philippine studies on clinical simulation in healthcare professional education and assess the methodological quality of these studies.

METHODS

We conducted a scoping review of studies on clinical simulation studies in healthcare education in the Philippines. We followed the methods for scoping review and reported using the PRISMA Scoping review checklist. We searched for relevant studies from electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, Herdin, and Cochrane) as of May 17, 2024, and summarized descriptive data on the characteristics of the study, population, clinical simulation technique, and outcomes, using graphical summaries and tables. We assessed the methodological quality of included studies using the Modified Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MMERSQI).

RESULTS

We included 13 studies mostly published in the 2020s (7), by faculty as main author (9), with hospital affiliation (10), single-center (11), setting in NCR (11), analytic (10), medical field (10), educational purpose (7), using task trainers (5), low- to medium-fidelity (11), with technical competencies (mostly skills) as desired outcome (9), median sample size of 40, and including mostly postgraduate level participants (7). There was moderate methodological quality (median MMERSQI score, 51 [range, 40, 77] with the ‘type of data’ item being highly reported and ‘validity of instrument tool’ item poorly reported.

CONCLUSION

The observed gaps in methodological rigor, study design, and fidelity of simulation techniques in healthcare education in the Philippines highlight opportunities for advancing the field. Future research should aim to address these gaps, particularly by increasing the use of RCTs, enhancing the validity of measurement tools, and incorporating comprehensive simulation components.

Human ; Simulation Training ; Scoping Review ; Philippines

INTRODUCTION: Medical errors commonly occur in medical imaging departments. These errors are frequently influenced by patient safety culture. This study aimed to develop a suitable patient safety culture assessment tool for medical imaging departments. METHODS: Staff members of a teaching hospital medical imaging department were invited to complete the generic short version of the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ). Internal consistency and reliability were evaluated using Cronbach's α. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine model fit. A cut-off of 60% was used to define the percentage positive responses (PPR). PPR values were compared between occupational groups. RESULTS: A total of 300 complete responses were received and the response rate was 75.4%. In reliability analysis, the Cronbach's α for the original 32-item SAQ was 0.941. Six subscales did not demonstrate good fit with CFA. A modified five-subscale, 22-item model (SAQ-MI) showed better fit (goodness-to-fit index ≥0.9, comparative fit index ≥ 0.9, Tucker-Lewis index ≥0.9 and root mean square error of approximation ≤0.08). The Cronbach's α for the 22 items was 0.921. The final five subscales were safety and teamwork climate, job satisfaction, stress recognition, perception of management and working condition, with PPR of 62%, 68%, 57%, 61% and 60%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in PPR were observed between radiographers, doctors and others occupational groups. CONCLUSION The modified five-factor, 22-item SAQ-MI is a suitable tool for the evaluation of patient safety culture in a medical imaging department. Differences in patient safety culture exist between occupation groups, which will inform future intervention studies.
Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Patient Safety ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Reproducibility of Results ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Job Satisfaction ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Middle Aged ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Safety Management ; Organizational Culture ; Medical Errors/prevention & control*

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of self-directed learning (SDL) strategy in dentistry by comparing it with lecture. Specifically, the objectives were to describe the students' perception of their learning experience after each TL strategy, compare the students' cognitive performance, determine whether certain student characteristics influence these two variables, and identify whether these two variables are correlated.

METHODS

Total enumeration was done in the selection of student-respondents. Using a two-treatment counterbalanced experimental research design, two kinds of data were collected after completion of each TL strategy – post-test scores that indicate the students' cognitive performance (lowest score is zero; highest score is 20) and Assessment of University Teaching Activities Questionnaire (A.U.T.A.Q.) results, indicating students' perceptions on their learning experience (5-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree).

RESULTS

Results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the total mean of A.U.T.A.Q. after SDL (M=3.94, SD=.480) and lecture (M=3.74, SD=.658); p =.024. Statistically significant difference (p .05). Nationality and sex did not significantly affect the students' perceptions and cognitive performance except in the third year level. Finally, there is no correlation between these two factors.

CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that SDL is as equally effective as lectures, but it must be used cautiously at lower year levels where lecture is still more beneficial. Lower year levels exhibited higher cognitive performance after lecture while the higher year levels displayed higher cognitive performance after SDL.

Human ; Education, Dental ; Teaching Method ; Teaching ; Pedagogy ; Dentistry