Objective:To investigate the changes in serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) in patients with intracranial aneurysms before and after surgery, and their relationship with clinical prognosis.Methods:A prospective research method was used, a total of 120 patients with intracranial aneurysms who underwent endovascular embolization treatment in Xi'an NO.9 Hospital from December 2019 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects. According to the prognosis after one-year follow-up, they were divided into poor prognosis group and good prognosis group. The general data of the two groups and the changes of serum IL-1β and HIF-2α levels before and after surgery were compared and analyzed. The changes of serum IL-1β and HIF-2α before and after surgery in patients with intracranial aneurysms and their relationship with the prognosis of patients were analyzed.Results:Among the 120 patients, 98 (81.67%) had a good prognosis and 22 (18.33%) had a poor prognosis. The proportion of large and wide necked aneurysms in the poor prognosis group was higher than that in the good prognosis group: 40.91% (9/22) vs. 10.20% (10/98), 45.45% (10/22) vs. 20.41%(20/98), with statistical significant differences ( P<0.05). On postoperative day 7, the serum levels of IL-1 β and HIF-2 α in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group: (62.58 ± 6.12) ng/L vs. (56.95 ± 5.33) ng/L, (101.62 ± 10.55) ng/L vs. (92.70 ± 7.82) ng/L, with statistical significant differences ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the size of aneurysms, including giant aneurysms, wide necked aneurysms, and high levels of serum IL-1β and HIF-2α 7 d after surgery, were independent risk factors for clinical prognosis in patients with intracranial aneurysms ( P<0.05). The working characteristic curve of the subjects was drawn, and the results showed that serum IL-1β and HIF-2α had certain predictive value for the clinical prognosis of intracranial aneurysm patients 7 d after surgery, but their sensitivity was relatively low. The parallel experiment method was used to jointly predict the samples. The results showed that the area under the curve for predicting the clinical prognosis of intracranial aneurysm patients with serum IL-1β and HIF-2α at 7 d after surgery was 0.867, with sensitivity and specificity of 86.40% and 74.50%, respectively, indicating high predictive value. Conclusions:The levels of serum IL-1β and HIF-2α are significantly elevated in patients with intracranial aneurysms after surgery, and are closely related to their clinical prognosis, which can help predict the clinical prognosis of intracranial aneurysm patients.

Objective:To compare postoperative anal function recovery between laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis and laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis for slow transit constipation.Methods:This multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled patients meeting the following criteria: (1) severe constipation symptoms (<2 bowel movements/week), absent or insignificant defecation urge, abdominal distension, requiring laxatives to maintain bowel movements or laxatives being ineffective; (2) constipation symptoms for over 5 years, ineffective after >2 years of medical treatment, with strong desire for surgery; (3) significantly prolonged colon transit time (>72 hours) without significant gastric or small intestinal transit dysfunction; (4) no organic colonic lesions confirmed by colonoscopy and abdominal CT. Exclusion criteria: (1) patients undergoing open surgery; (2) exclusion of outlet obstruction constipation (e.g., rectocele, rectal prolapse, puborectalis spasm) by functional defecation MRI; (3) comorbid psychiatric disorders; (4) missing clinical data or loss to follow-up (postoperative follow-up <24 months). Based on these criteria, clinical and follow-up data were collected from 220 patients who underwent either laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis (LSC group, n = 115) or laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (LTC group, n = 105) for slow transit constipation between January 2013 and December 2022. Subjective anal function (Constipation Severity Score and Wexner Fecal Incontinence Score) and objective anal function (positive rate of rectoanal inhibitory reflex [RAIR] and anorectal manometry) were observed preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Results:No significant differences were found in baseline characteristics between the two groups (all P >0.05). All surgeries were completed successfully without major significant complications. Subjective anal function assessment: At 24 months postoperatively, Constipation Severity Scores decreased significantly compared to preoperative scores in both groups [LSC group: (25.2±2.8) vs. (2.9±1.8), P <0.001; LTC group: (25.8±2.9) vs. (2.8±1.9), P<0.001]. No significant differences were found between the groups at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively (all P>0.05). Wexner Fecal Incontinence Scores at 24 months were significantly lower than those at 6 months in both groups [LSC group: (12.9±1.8) vs. (3.9±2.5), P<0.001; LTC group: (12.6±1.8) vs. (5.4±2.4), P<0.001]. Although no significant difference was found at 6 months ( P = 0.190), the LSC group had significantly lower Wexner scores than the LTC group at 12 and 24 months postoperatively (both P < 0.001). Objective anal function assessment: (1) Positive RAIR rate: Preoperative positive RAIR rates were 33.0% (38/115) in the LSC group and 25.7% (27/105) in the LTC group ( P > 0.05). At 24 months, positive rates increased significantly in both groups [LSC: 66.1% (76/115); LTC: 63.8% (67/105)] compared to preoperative rates (both P<0.001), but no significant differences were found between groups at 6, 12, and 24 months (all P>0.05). (2) Resting pressure (RP) and squeeze pressure (SP): No significant differences were found in preoperative RP and SP between groups (all P>0.05). The LSC group had significantly higher RP and SP than the LTC group at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (all P<0.05), but no significant differences were found at 24 months ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis and laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis are safe for patients with slow transit constipation. However, laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis offers superior postoperative anal function recovery.

Objective:To investigate the changes in serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) in patients with intracranial aneurysms before and after surgery, and their relationship with clinical prognosis.Methods:A prospective research method was used, a total of 120 patients with intracranial aneurysms who underwent endovascular embolization treatment in Xi'an NO.9 Hospital from December 2019 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects. According to the prognosis after one-year follow-up, they were divided into poor prognosis group and good prognosis group. The general data of the two groups and the changes of serum IL-1β and HIF-2α levels before and after surgery were compared and analyzed. The changes of serum IL-1β and HIF-2α before and after surgery in patients with intracranial aneurysms and their relationship with the prognosis of patients were analyzed.Results:Among the 120 patients, 98 (81.67%) had a good prognosis and 22 (18.33%) had a poor prognosis. The proportion of large and wide necked aneurysms in the poor prognosis group was higher than that in the good prognosis group: 40.91% (9/22) vs. 10.20% (10/98), 45.45% (10/22) vs. 20.41%(20/98), with statistical significant differences ( P<0.05). On postoperative day 7, the serum levels of IL-1 β and HIF-2 α in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group: (62.58 ± 6.12) ng/L vs. (56.95 ± 5.33) ng/L, (101.62 ± 10.55) ng/L vs. (92.70 ± 7.82) ng/L, with statistical significant differences ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the size of aneurysms, including giant aneurysms, wide necked aneurysms, and high levels of serum IL-1β and HIF-2α 7 d after surgery, were independent risk factors for clinical prognosis in patients with intracranial aneurysms ( P<0.05). The working characteristic curve of the subjects was drawn, and the results showed that serum IL-1β and HIF-2α had certain predictive value for the clinical prognosis of intracranial aneurysm patients 7 d after surgery, but their sensitivity was relatively low. The parallel experiment method was used to jointly predict the samples. The results showed that the area under the curve for predicting the clinical prognosis of intracranial aneurysm patients with serum IL-1β and HIF-2α at 7 d after surgery was 0.867, with sensitivity and specificity of 86.40% and 74.50%, respectively, indicating high predictive value. Conclusions:The levels of serum IL-1β and HIF-2α are significantly elevated in patients with intracranial aneurysms after surgery, and are closely related to their clinical prognosis, which can help predict the clinical prognosis of intracranial aneurysm patients.

Objective:To compare postoperative anal function recovery between laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis and laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis for slow transit constipation.Methods:This multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled patients meeting the following criteria: (1) severe constipation symptoms (<2 bowel movements/week), absent or insignificant defecation urge, abdominal distension, requiring laxatives to maintain bowel movements or laxatives being ineffective; (2) constipation symptoms for over 5 years, ineffective after >2 years of medical treatment, with strong desire for surgery; (3) significantly prolonged colon transit time (>72 hours) without significant gastric or small intestinal transit dysfunction; (4) no organic colonic lesions confirmed by colonoscopy and abdominal CT. Exclusion criteria: (1) patients undergoing open surgery; (2) exclusion of outlet obstruction constipation (e.g., rectocele, rectal prolapse, puborectalis spasm) by functional defecation MRI; (3) comorbid psychiatric disorders; (4) missing clinical data or loss to follow-up (postoperative follow-up <24 months). Based on these criteria, clinical and follow-up data were collected from 220 patients who underwent either laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis (LSC group, n = 115) or laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (LTC group, n = 105) for slow transit constipation between January 2013 and December 2022. Subjective anal function (Constipation Severity Score and Wexner Fecal Incontinence Score) and objective anal function (positive rate of rectoanal inhibitory reflex [RAIR] and anorectal manometry) were observed preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Results:No significant differences were found in baseline characteristics between the two groups (all P >0.05). All surgeries were completed successfully without major significant complications. Subjective anal function assessment: At 24 months postoperatively, Constipation Severity Scores decreased significantly compared to preoperative scores in both groups [LSC group: (25.2±2.8) vs. (2.9±1.8), P <0.001; LTC group: (25.8±2.9) vs. (2.8±1.9), P<0.001]. No significant differences were found between the groups at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively (all P>0.05). Wexner Fecal Incontinence Scores at 24 months were significantly lower than those at 6 months in both groups [LSC group: (12.9±1.8) vs. (3.9±2.5), P<0.001; LTC group: (12.6±1.8) vs. (5.4±2.4), P<0.001]. Although no significant difference was found at 6 months ( P = 0.190), the LSC group had significantly lower Wexner scores than the LTC group at 12 and 24 months postoperatively (both P < 0.001). Objective anal function assessment: (1) Positive RAIR rate: Preoperative positive RAIR rates were 33.0% (38/115) in the LSC group and 25.7% (27/105) in the LTC group ( P > 0.05). At 24 months, positive rates increased significantly in both groups [LSC: 66.1% (76/115); LTC: 63.8% (67/105)] compared to preoperative rates (both P<0.001), but no significant differences were found between groups at 6, 12, and 24 months (all P>0.05). (2) Resting pressure (RP) and squeeze pressure (SP): No significant differences were found in preoperative RP and SP between groups (all P>0.05). The LSC group had significantly higher RP and SP than the LTC group at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (all P<0.05), but no significant differences were found at 24 months ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis and laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis are safe for patients with slow transit constipation. However, laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with antiperistaltic cecorectal anastomosis offers superior postoperative anal function recovery.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate therapeutic efficacy of thalidomide in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinic.METHODS:Retrieved from Chinese Journal Full-text Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database,China Biology Medicine disc,Wanfang database,Medline,PubMed,Elsevier database and Cochrane library,the references of the included literatures were also reviewed,randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about thalidomide alone or combined with other routine drug (trial group) versus routine treatment or other drug (control group) in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis were collected.After data extraction,quality evaluation of included studies by modified Jadad scale,Meta-analysis of response rate,bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) score,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reaction protein (CRP) level,thoracic mobility,pillow wall distance,Schober trial result,morning stiffness time and the number of peripheral joints with swelling and pain were conducted by using Rev Man 5.1 statistical software.RESULTS:A total of 10 RCTs were included,involving 636 patients.Results of Meta-analysis showed that response rate [OR=2.50,95％CI(1.36,4.62),P=0.003],thoracic mobility [MD=0.22,95％ CI (0.01,0.42),P=0.04],occipital wall distance [MD=-0.82,95％ CI (-1.32,-0.32),P=0.001],Schober trial result [MD=0.64,95％CI(0.28,0.99),P=0.000 4] and morning stiffness time [MD=-2.33,95 ％ CI (-3.92,-0.73),P=0.004] of trial group were significantly better than those control group,with statistical significance.There were no statistical significance in BASDAI score [MD=-4.40,95％CI(-8.96,0.16),P=0.06],ESR [MD=-3.51,95％CI(-7.76,0.74),P=0.11],CRP level [MD=-1.60,95％CI(-3.22,0.03),P=0.05] or the number of peripheral joints with swelling and pain [MD=-0.06,95％CI(-0.29,0.17),P=0.60] between 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Thalidomide shows significant improve effect on ankylosing spondylitis.Thalidomide is more effective than conventional drugs in the improvement of peripheral joint function and the control of inflammatory indicators.

Objective To observe the effect of atropine in the treatment of bromiderosis with anhydrous alcohol injection. Methods Patients were randomly divided into two groups (A and B): the patients in Group A was injected with both anhydrous alcohol and atropine, and that in Group B was only injected with anhydrous alcohol. The effect of the operation was evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months after the treatment. Results From August 2004 to January 2008, 72 patients were involved in this study. 37 cases were included in Group A, and 35 patients were included in Group B. The effective rate in the Group A was 83.78 %, and that in the Group B was 82.86 %. There was no statistical difference between these two groups. Conclusion Atropine has no effect on the treatment of axillary bromidrosis with anhydrous alcohol injection and it is, therefore, not necessarily included in the treatment.

With redox-sensitive fluorescene probes DCFH-DA and DHR123, the formation of cytosolic and intramitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside immature rat cerebellar granule cells during the apoptosis induced by nitric oxide donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-pennicillamine (SNAP) was monitored by laser confocal scanning microscopy. The cytosolic and intramitochondrial ROS increase significantly after 0.5 mmol/L SNAP treatment for 1 h. Pre-treatment with the nitric oxide scavenger hemoglobin can effectively inhibit the formation of cytosolic and intrarnitochondrial ROS and protect neurons from apoptosis. Adding glutathione can also protect neurons from apoptosis, and the cytotoxity of nitric oxide increases significantly while the synthesis of glutathione is inhibited. The results indicated that ROS might be involved in NO-induced apoptosis in neural cells and glutathione might be the endogenesis antioxidant to protect neurons from oxidative injury.