Arthroscopic surgery currently faces challenges such as limited intraoperative visibility and high technical demands, resulting in a particularly steep learning curve. However, traditional teaching methods at present also present problems including significant operational risks, high learning costs, and ethical dilemmas associated. This has created an urgent need among surgeons for a more efficient and economical training approach. Recent advancements in virtual reality technology have created high-fidelity virtual environments which allow surgeon users to undergo immersive surgical training within simulated settings, offering novel perspectives for standardised arthroscopic skills training. This review systematically summarises the current application progress, technical challenges, and potential future directions of virtual reality arthroscopy simulators, focusing on their technical architecture, characteristics, and advantages. We aim to provide a theoretical basis for the technical standardisation and clinical translation of virtual reality technology in the field of arthroscopic surgical training.

Objective:A systematic evaluation of the real experiences and needs of carers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), provide a reference point for developing individualized support strategies.Methods:Computerized searches were conducted for qualitative studies on the experience of caregivers of children with ADHD in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Network (CKN), Wipro database, Wanfang database, and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). The search timeframe was from the construction of the database to July 2024, and the quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the JBI Center for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research, and the results were integrated using Meta-integration methods.Results:The final inclusion of 15 papers distilled 64 themes into 10 categories, resulting in 3 integrative outcomes: caregiving experiences affect carers in many ways; carers face multiple challenges in coping with illness; positively commissioned and benefited from growth with multiple sources of support.Conclusions:Healthcare professionals should increase the importance and support of carers of children with ADHD, develop specialised guidance strategies to reduce the burden of care, and reinforce positive emotions to assist with positive coping.

Arthroscopic surgery currently faces challenges such as limited intraoperative visibility and high technical demands, resulting in a particularly steep learning curve. However, traditional teaching methods at present also present problems including significant operational risks, high learning costs, and ethical dilemmas associated. This has created an urgent need among surgeons for a more efficient and economical training approach. Recent advancements in virtual reality technology have created high-fidelity virtual environments which allow surgeon users to undergo immersive surgical training within simulated settings, offering novel perspectives for standardised arthroscopic skills training. This review systematically summarises the current application progress, technical challenges, and potential future directions of virtual reality arthroscopy simulators, focusing on their technical architecture, characteristics, and advantages. We aim to provide a theoretical basis for the technical standardisation and clinical translation of virtual reality technology in the field of arthroscopic surgical training.

Objective:To analyze the clinical manifestations and fundus multimodal imaging features of patients with acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome, and provide a reference for early diagnosis of VKH syndrome.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and related examinations including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) of patients diagnosed with acute VKH syndrome in the Ophthalmology Department of the Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022.Results:A total of 17 patients (34 eyes) with acute VKH syndrome were included. SD-OCT showed exudative retinal detachment in all 34 eyes with punctate hyperreflective signals; 26 eyes had choroidal folds, and 14 patients (28 eyes) had " septum-like" structures under the neuroepithelium. FFA early images showed late retinal fluorescence pooling in a multi-lake pattern in all 34 eyes. ICGA was performed in 15 patients (30 eyes), with early images showing hyperfluorescence of choroidal vessels in all 30 eyes; 26 eyes had scattered hypofluorescent lesions in the fundus. Mid-to-late images showed blurred boundaries of choroidal vessels in 28 eyes.Conclusions:Patients with acute VKH syndrome have characteristic manifestations in SD-OCT, FFA, and ICGA. Fundus multimodal imaging can provide important references for the diagnosis of VKH syndrome.

Objective:A systematic evaluation of the real experiences and needs of carers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), provide a reference point for developing individualized support strategies.Methods:Computerized searches were conducted for qualitative studies on the experience of caregivers of children with ADHD in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Network (CKN), Wipro database, Wanfang database, and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). The search timeframe was from the construction of the database to July 2024, and the quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the JBI Center for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research, and the results were integrated using Meta-integration methods.Results:The final inclusion of 15 papers distilled 64 themes into 10 categories, resulting in 3 integrative outcomes: caregiving experiences affect carers in many ways; carers face multiple challenges in coping with illness; positively commissioned and benefited from growth with multiple sources of support.Conclusions:Healthcare professionals should increase the importance and support of carers of children with ADHD, develop specialised guidance strategies to reduce the burden of care, and reinforce positive emotions to assist with positive coping.

Objective:To analyze the clinical manifestations and fundus multimodal imaging features of patients with acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome, and provide a reference for early diagnosis of VKH syndrome.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and related examinations including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) of patients diagnosed with acute VKH syndrome in the Ophthalmology Department of the Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022.Results:A total of 17 patients (34 eyes) with acute VKH syndrome were included. SD-OCT showed exudative retinal detachment in all 34 eyes with punctate hyperreflective signals; 26 eyes had choroidal folds, and 14 patients (28 eyes) had " septum-like" structures under the neuroepithelium. FFA early images showed late retinal fluorescence pooling in a multi-lake pattern in all 34 eyes. ICGA was performed in 15 patients (30 eyes), with early images showing hyperfluorescence of choroidal vessels in all 30 eyes; 26 eyes had scattered hypofluorescent lesions in the fundus. Mid-to-late images showed blurred boundaries of choroidal vessels in 28 eyes.Conclusions:Patients with acute VKH syndrome have characteristic manifestations in SD-OCT, FFA, and ICGA. Fundus multimodal imaging can provide important references for the diagnosis of VKH syndrome.

Objective To observe the temporary loss(re-falling)of knee range of motion(ROM)during rehabilitation after arthroly-sis for post-traumatic knee stiffness,and analyze the factors related to it. Methods From July,2016 to September,2019,64 patients(68 knees)in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital accepted minimally inva-sive arthrolysis for post-traumatic knee stiffness,and were followed up for twelve months.ROM of flexion and extension of knee was measured before operation,and one,six and twelve weeks,and six and twelve months af-ter operation;while they were asssessed with Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score(HSS).Multivariate Logis-tic regression was performed on re-falling. Results The ROM and HSS score improved as a whole after operation;however,HSS score improved constantly,but ROM decreased six weeks after operation compared with that one weeks after operation,involving 46 knees of 44 cases.Arthrolysis longer than 12 months from primary injuries,multiple complicated fracture and history of infection were the risk factors for re-falling(OR＞8.058,P＜0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive arthrolysis is effective on knee function after arthrolysis for post-traumatic knee stiff-ness.However,re-falling of ROM may happen during rehabilitation.Delay of operation,multiple complicated fracture and history of infection may increase the risk of re-falling.

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are compounds generated by chemical reactions between disinfectants and chemical substances in the water during the process of drinking water treatment. More than 700 kinds of DBPs have been identified, the most abundant components are trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. The safety of DBPs has attracted widespread attention. At present, studies have confirmed that DBPs have cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity. In recent years, the damage of DBPs to reproductive function has been an increasing concern. This article reviewed the research progress on the effects of DBPs exposure on adult reproductive function based on toxicological and epidemiological studies, and discussed the future research direction.

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are compounds generated by chemical reactions between disinfectants and chemical substances in the water during the process of drinking water treatment. More than 700 kinds of DBPs have been identified, the most abundant components are trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. The safety of DBPs has attracted widespread attention. At present, studies have confirmed that DBPs have cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity. In recent years, the damage of DBPs to reproductive function has been an increasing concern. This article reviewed the research progress on the effects of DBPs exposure on adult reproductive function based on toxicological and epidemiological studies, and discussed the future research direction.

Alzheimer' s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that gradually impairs cognitive functions. Recently, there has been a conceptual shift toward AD to view the disease as a continuum. Since AD is currently incurable, effective intervention to delay or prevent pathological cognitive decline may best target the early stages of symptomatic disease, such as subjective cognitive decline (SCD), in which cognitive function remains relatively intact. Diagnostic methods for identifying AD, such as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and positron emission tomography, are invasive and expensive. Therefore, it is imperative to develop blood biomarkers that are sensitive, less invasive, easier to access, and more cost effective for AD diagnosis. This review aimed to summarize the current data on whether individuals with SCD differ reliably and effectively in subjective and objective performances compared to cognitively normal elderly individuals, and to find one or more convenient and accessible blood biomarkers so that researchers can identify SCD patients with preclinical AD in the population as soon as possible. Owing to the heterogeneity and complicated pathogenesis of AD, it is difficult to make reliable diagnoses using only a single blood marker. This review provides an overview of the progress achieved to date with the use of SCD blood biomarkers in patients with preclinical AD, highlighting the key areas of application and current challenges.