Objective:To develop a Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) Scale for Dietary Management During Hemodialysis and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the KAP theoretical framework, an initial version of the scale was developed through a literature review and expert consultations. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit hemodialysis patients from four hospitals in Suzhou in March 2024. Questionnaire item analysis and reliability and validity tests were conducted.Results:A total of 460 questionnaires were distributed and 438 valid responses were collected, with an effective response rate of 95.22%. The final scale included three dimensions (knowledge, attitude, and practice) with 34 items. Content validity at the scale level was 0.910, and the item level ranged from 0.800 to 1.000. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 74.520%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.971, and the Cronbach's αcoefficients for the three dimensions were 0.963, 0.933, and 0.934, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.839.Conclusions:The Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Scale for Dietary Management During Hemodialysis demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it a valuable tool for assessing the KAP level of dietary management in hemodialysis patients.

Objective:To develop a Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) Scale for Dietary Management During Hemodialysis and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the KAP theoretical framework, an initial version of the scale was developed through a literature review and expert consultations. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit hemodialysis patients from four hospitals in Suzhou in March 2024. Questionnaire item analysis and reliability and validity tests were conducted.Results:A total of 460 questionnaires were distributed and 438 valid responses were collected, with an effective response rate of 95.22%. The final scale included three dimensions (knowledge, attitude, and practice) with 34 items. Content validity at the scale level was 0.910, and the item level ranged from 0.800 to 1.000. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 74.520%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.971, and the Cronbach's αcoefficients for the three dimensions were 0.963, 0.933, and 0.934, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.839.Conclusions:The Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Scale for Dietary Management During Hemodialysis demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it a valuable tool for assessing the KAP level of dietary management in hemodialysis patients.

Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) may be located at sites throughout the gastrointestinal tract. HGM usually occurs in the oesophagus, duodenum, Meckel's diverticulum and intestinal duplication. But they are rare beyond the small intestine except for its association with Meckel's diverticulum.HGM can cause abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, intussusception, intestinal perforation. Complication of perforation is rare.A case of HGM in small bowel presenting with recurrent small intestine perforation is reported to improve clinicians' understanding of HGM in small bowel.

Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) may be located at sites throughout the gastrointestinal tract. HGM usually occurs in the oesophagus, duodenum, Meckel's diverticulum and intestinal duplication. But they are rare beyond the small intestine except for its association with Meckel's diverticulum.HGM can cause abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, intussusception, intestinal perforation. Complication of perforation is rare.A case of HGM in small bowel presenting with recurrent small intestine perforation is reported to improve clinicians' understanding of HGM in small bowel.