Objective To explore the behavioral characteristics of using cognitive reappraisal(CR)and expressive suppression(ES)in high trait anxiety individuals under both explicit and implicit conditions.Methods A total of 57 non-psychology undergraduates and postgraduates were recruited in a military medical university from June to July in 2023.All the participants were surveyed with Trait Form of Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI-T)and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(ERQ)to investigate their level of anxiety and usage habits of CR and ES strategies.According to the STAI-T results,they were divided to a high trait anxiety(HTA)group(n=28)and a low trait anxiety(LTA)group(n=29).Then the implicit and explicit emotion regulation(ER)tasks were used to analyze and compare 2 strategies on improving negative emotional pleasure and arousal,and the differences in difficulty and success of using CR and ES under the explicit condition.Results ① Both the HTA and LTA individuals showed a higher use of CR and less use of ES[t(27)=3.94,P<0.001;t(28)=11.33,P<0.001],while the HTA individuals used more ES[t(55)=3.02,P<0.01]and less CR than the LTA individuals[t(55)=-2.20,P=0.02].②Compared with implicit neutral priming,both implicit CR(Pleasure:2.56±0.11 vs 2.73±0.12,P<0.01;Arousal:6.68±0.18 vs 6.51±0.20,P<0.05)and implicit ES priming(Pleasure:2.56±0.11 vs 2.86±0.11,P<0.001;Arousal:6.68±0.18 vs 6.30±0.20,P<0.001)improved the negative emotional experiences of both HTA and LTA groups,and ES showed better effect(Pleasure:P<0.001;Arousal:P<0.001).③ Explicit CR(Pleasure:2.92±0.12 vs 5.09±0.09,P<0.001;Arousal:6.43±0.20 vs 4.33±0.21,P<0.001)and explicit ES(Pleasure:2.92±0.12 vs 4.34±0.09,P<0.001;Arousal:6.43±0.20 vs 4.22±0.22,P<0.001)ameliorated the negative feelings in the HTA and LTA individuals,and the effect of explicit CR on improving pleasure was superior than that of explicit ES(P<0.001).For the HTA individuals,it is more difficult to implement CR and ES[CR:t(55)=2.16,P=0.02;ES:t(55)=2.92,P<0.01],and ES was less successful in emotion regulation when compared with the LTA individuals[t(55)=-1.88,P=0.03];the difficulty of using ES was significantly higher than that of CR[4.00±1.81 vs 5.00±1.80,t(27)=-2.78,P<0.01],and the success rate was also lower[7.04±1.00 vs 6.64±1.13,t(27)=2.09,P=0.02].④ Comparing the effects of emotion regulation under implicit and explicit conditions,it was presented that explicit CR and ES were better than implicit CR and ES for both HTA and LTA individuals(Pleasure:explicit CR vs implicit CR:5.09±0.09 vs 2.73±0.12,P<0.001;explicit ES vs implicit ES:4.34±0.09 vs 2.86±0.11,P<0.001;Arousal:explicit CR vs implicit CR:4.33±0.21 vs 6.51±0.20,P<0.001;explicit ES vs implicit ES:4.22±0.22 vs 6.30±0.20,P<0.001).Conclusion In terms of usage habits of ER strategies,HTA individuals tend to use ES more and CR less than LTA individuals.Under the implicit/explicit conditions,HTA individuals can both employ CR and ES to improve negative emotional experience,and the effect of explicit ER is significantly better than implicit condition.

A method for determination and targeted screening of diflorasone components in health products using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)was established.Four representative diflorasone and esters(diflorasone,diflorasone diacetate,diflorasone-17-propionate,and diflorasone-21-propionate)were selected to optimize the pretreatment conditions,and 10 mL of extraction solvent dosage,15 min of extraction time and 5 g of salting-out agent as the optimal conditions were selected by response surface methodology.The results showed that the four analytes exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 2.0?100 μg/L with the chromatographic peak area,and the correlation coefficients(R2)were all greater than 0.9990,while the results of recovery and relative standard deviation could satisfy the requirements of determination.The common characteristic ions of diflorasone and esters werem/z121 andm/z335,and their specific structures were obtained by analyzing the cleavage pathway based on the optimized determination conditions.A targeted screening method for other esters of diflorasone based on characteristic ions guidance strategy was established.This method had many advantages such as high efficiency,high sensitivity and good reproducibility,and could be used for targeted screening of diflorasone and esters in health products.The developed characteristic ion guided strategy could be employed to construct mass spectral databases for various glucocorticoids,enabling comprehensive targeted screening across a broad range of compounds.

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are a class of organic-inorganic hybrid materials formed by the self-assembly of metal ions or metal clusters with organic ligands through coordination,and possess high specific surface area,tunable pore size and diverse structures.In recent years,MOFs and their composites have shown great application potential in the field of drug detection,especially in selective recognition,enhancing detection sensitivity and on-site rapid detection.This paper summarized the structural characteristics,synthesis methods and detection principles of MOFs and their composites,and reviewed the latest research progresses in detection of various drugs such as opioids,amphetamines,cannabinoids,cathinones,cocaine,ketamine,fentanyls and psychotropic drugs.The advantages and challenges of MOFs materials in the pretreatment of complex biological samples,sensor construction and on-site rapid detection were discussed,and the prospects for future development were analyzed,with the aim of providing theoretical support and technical references for promoting the applications of MOFs in anti-drug practice.

Forced oscillation technique (FOT) enables early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by quantifying the impedance of COPD patients during normal breathing and reflecting the airway obstruction and distribution of the patients. The flow sensors using in FOT for diagnosis of COPD mainly include differential pressure flow sensors, ultrasonic flow sensors, hot wire gas flow sensors, fiber-optic flow sensors and flow sensors based on friction nanoelectricity technology. In this review, the principles, characteristics, and current application status of these five types of flow sensors were summarized, and their future development prospects were prospected.

In recent years, a variety of innovative fast algorithm techniques have emerged in the field of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) electric field solving, which show great potential to meet the requirements of real-time clinical applications. In this review, the crucial processes of TMS electric field modeling were summarized, focusing on two prominent fast algorithm techniques, namely the basis function method and the deep neural network (DNN)-based method. The advantages and limitations of these two techniques were analyzed in detail. Commonly used software tools for electric field modeling were discussed, and a prospective discussion of future developments was offered, aiming to provide a reference for the further development of TMS electric field modeling technology.

Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. In the early stages of AD, i.e. when cognitive impairment is mild or absent but biomarkers are present, patients show abnormal neuroelectric activity. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an important method of non-invasively regulating neuroelectric activity in the brain. It does so by inducing microcurrents to change the membrane potential of nerve cells in the brain based on electromagnetic induction. In this review, the characteristics of neuroelectric activity of AD patients and AD model mice in the early stage of AD were mainly introduced, and the regulation of rTMS on the neuroelectric activity of early AD was discussed.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Dulongneedling in the treatment of vertigo in cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery(CSA).Methods A total of 46 cases of patients with definitive diagnosis of vertigo in CSA admitted to the outpatient clinic of the Acupuncture,Muxibustion and Rehabilitation Department of Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from June to October 2024 were selected for the study.The patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method,with 23 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with Dulongten-needling in shoulder and neck,and the control group was given conventional acupuncture treatment,the course of treatment for the two groups covered two weeks.After two weeks of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes in the scores of Evaluation Scale For Cervical Vertigo(ESCV)before and after treatment were observed in the patients of the two groups.Three dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling(3D-pCASL)technique was applied to determin the changes in cerebral blood flow(CBF)values in the region of region of interest(ROI),and the changes in CBF values in the patients of the two groups were compared.Results(1)The total effective rate of the observation group was 91.30%(21/23),and that of the control group was 78.26%(18/23),and the efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)After treatment,the ESCV scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(3)After treatment,the CBF change values of each ROI in the two groups showed elevated(positive),and the CBF change values of the right middle cerebral artery(R-MCA)in the control group showed decreased(negative).After treatment,the CBF change values of the observation group in the blood supply areas of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery(R-PICA),right anterior inferior cerebellar artery(R-AICA),right anterior cerebral artery(R-ACA),branches from vertebral arteries(VA)and basilar arteries(BA),bilateral superior cerebellar arteries(SCA),and bilateral posterior cerebral arteries(PCA)were significantly elevated,and the observation group was significantly superior in improving the above ROIs in the CBF change value to that of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Dulongneedling in the treatment of vertigo in CSA can significantly improve the CBF of patients,reduce the clinical symptoms such as vertigo,neck and shoulder pain,headache.

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to determine the content of three major components in Citri Reticulatae Semen(CRS), including limonin, nomilin, and obacunone. The chromaticity of the CRS sample during salt processing and stir-frying was measured using a color difference meter. Next, the relationship between the color and content of the salt-processed CRS sample was investigated through correlation analysis. By integrating the oil bath technique for processing simulation with HPLC, the changes in the relative content of nomilin and its transformation products were analyzed, with its structural transformation pattern during processing identified. Additionally, RAW264.7 cells were induced with lipopolysaccharides(LPSs) to establish an inflammatory model, and the anti-inflammatory activity of nomilin and its transformation product, namely obacunone was evaluated. The results indicated that as processing progressed, E~*ab and L~* values showed a downward trend; a~* values exhibited a slow increase over a certain period, followed by no significant changes, and b~* values remained stable with no significant changes over a certain period and then started to decrease. The limonin content remained barely unchanged; the nomilin content decreased, and the obacunone increased significantly. The changing trends in content and color parameters during salt-processing and stir-frying were basically consistent. The content of nomilin and obacunone was significantly correlated with the colorimetric values(L~*, a~*, b~*, and E~*ab), while limonin content showed no significant correlation with these values. By analyzing HPLC patterns of nomylin at different heating temperatures and time, it was found that under conditions of 200-250 ℃ for heating of 5-60 min, the content of nomilin significantly decreased, while the obacunone content increased pronouncedly. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity results indicated that compared to the model group, the group with a high concentration of nomilin and the groups with varying concentrations of obacunone showed significantly reduced release of nitric oxide(NO)(P<0.01). When both were at the same concentration, obacunone showed better performance in inhibiting NO release. In this study, the obvious correlation between the color and content of major components during the processing of CRS samples was identified, and the dynamic patterns of quality change in CRS samples during processing were revealed. Additionally, the study revealed and confirmed the transformation of nomilin into obacunone during processing, with the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of obacunone significantly greater than that of nomilin. These findings provided a scientific basis for CRS processing optimization, tablet quality control, and its clinical application.
Mice ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Limonins/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus/chemistry* ; Color ; Benzoxepins/chemistry* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry*

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. It has a high prevalence and poor prognosis. The application of antiarrhythmic drugs and even surgery cannot completely treat the disease, and there are many sequelae. AF can be classified into the category of "palpitation" in Chinese medicine according to its symptoms. Acupuncture has a significant effect on AF. The authors find that an important mechanism of acupuncture in AF treatment is to regulate the cardiac vagus nerve. Therefore, this article intends to review the distribution and function of vagus nerve in the heart, the application and the regulatroy effect for the treatment of AF.
Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Vagus Nerve/physiology* ; Animals