ObjectiveThis paper aims to investigate the effects of icariin on spermatogenesis in mice with exercise-induced fatigue and explore the underlying mechanisms. MethodsICR male mice were screened by swimming and randomly divided into normal group， model group， vitamin C group， icariin groups with low， medium， and high doses， and medium-dose icariin+N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME） group， with 10 mice per group. Except for the normal group， all the other groups underwent weighted swimming training to establish an exercise-induced fatigue model. No gavage was administered during the first two weeks of the weighted training. From week three to four， the icariin groups with low， medium， and high doses received 0.03， 0.06， and 0.12 g·kg^-1 icariin via gavage， respectively. The vitamin C group received 0.2 g·kg^-1 vitamin C. The L-NAME group received 0.06 g·kg^-1 icariin and 0.01 g·kg^-1 L-NAME via intraperitoneal injection. The normal and model groups received equivalent physiological saline. After the experiment， body weight and the last exhaustive swimming time were recorded. Blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， lactate （LA）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， testicular testosterone （T）， testicular Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-adenosine triphosphatase （ATPase） （micro-assay）， and the levels of testicular cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） were measured by using kits. Sperm CD46 levels were detected by flow cytometry. Testicular seminiferous tubules were observed via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the testicular morphometric score （TMS） was used to evaluate the spermatogenic function. Protein expression of regucalcin （RGN， SMP30）， cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 （PKG）， and cGMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein （GKAP1） was detected by Western blot. Testicular regucalcin expression was examined by immunofluorescence （IF）. The epididymal sperm quality of mice was observed under a microscope. Fluorescence-stained sections of stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 （STRA8）， synaptonemal complex protein 3 （SCP3）， and transition protein 1（TNP1） in testicular seminiferous tubules were assessed by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased body weight and exhaustive swimming time （P<0.01）， significantly increased fatigue markers （LA， LDH， and BUN） and lipid peroxidation product MDA （P<0.01）， reduced testicular RGN， PKG， GKAP1， testosterone， Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATPase， and cGMP levels （P<0.01）， decreased sperm motility， sperm count， and TMS scores， and downregulated the expression of STRA8， SCP3， and TNP1. Compared with the model group， the icariin group with high dose exhibited increased exhaustive swimming time （P<0.01）， reduced LA， LDH， BUN， and MDA levels （P<0.01）， elevated superoxide dismutase （SOD） （P<0.01）， upregulated testicular RGN， PKG， GKAP1， testosterone， Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATPase， and cGMP levels （P<0.01）， improved sperm motility， sperm count， and TMS scores， and enhanced STRA8， SCP3， and TNP1 expression. Compared with the L-NAME group， the icariin group with medium dose showed increased expression of STRA8， SCP3， and TNP1 in the testicular tissue （P<0.01） and elevated cGMP and GKAP1 levels （P<0.01）. ConclusionExercise-induced fatigue reduces the expression of RGN and cGMP/PKG/GKAP1 in mice， thereby causing abnormal spermatogenesis and impairing reproductive function in mice. Icariin ameliorates spermatogenic dysfunction in exercise-induced fatigue mice by promoting the expression of RGN and cGMP/PKG/GKAP1， thereby mitigating the damage of exercise-induced fatigue to the reproductive system.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to investigate the effects of icariin on spermatogenesis in mice with exercise-induced fatigue and explore the underlying mechanisms. MethodsICR male mice were screened by swimming and randomly divided into normal group， model group， vitamin C group， icariin groups with low， medium， and high doses， and medium-dose icariin+N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME） group， with 10 mice per group. Except for the normal group， all the other groups underwent weighted swimming training to establish an exercise-induced fatigue model. No gavage was administered during the first two weeks of the weighted training. From week three to four， the icariin groups with low， medium， and high doses received 0.03， 0.06， and 0.12 g·kg^-1 icariin via gavage， respectively. The vitamin C group received 0.2 g·kg^-1 vitamin C. The L-NAME group received 0.06 g·kg^-1 icariin and 0.01 g·kg^-1 L-NAME via intraperitoneal injection. The normal and model groups received equivalent physiological saline. After the experiment， body weight and the last exhaustive swimming time were recorded. Blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， lactate （LA）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， testicular testosterone （T）， testicular Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-adenosine triphosphatase （ATPase） （micro-assay）， and the levels of testicular cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） were measured by using kits. Sperm CD46 levels were detected by flow cytometry. Testicular seminiferous tubules were observed via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the testicular morphometric score （TMS） was used to evaluate the spermatogenic function. Protein expression of regucalcin （RGN， SMP30）， cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 （PKG）， and cGMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein （GKAP1） was detected by Western blot. Testicular regucalcin expression was examined by immunofluorescence （IF）. The epididymal sperm quality of mice was observed under a microscope. Fluorescence-stained sections of stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 （STRA8）， synaptonemal complex protein 3 （SCP3）， and transition protein 1（TNP1） in testicular seminiferous tubules were assessed by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased body weight and exhaustive swimming time （P<0.01）， significantly increased fatigue markers （LA， LDH， and BUN） and lipid peroxidation product MDA （P<0.01）， reduced testicular RGN， PKG， GKAP1， testosterone， Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATPase， and cGMP levels （P<0.01）， decreased sperm motility， sperm count， and TMS scores， and downregulated the expression of STRA8， SCP3， and TNP1. Compared with the model group， the icariin group with high dose exhibited increased exhaustive swimming time （P<0.01）， reduced LA， LDH， BUN， and MDA levels （P<0.01）， elevated superoxide dismutase （SOD） （P<0.01）， upregulated testicular RGN， PKG， GKAP1， testosterone， Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-ATPase， and cGMP levels （P<0.01）， improved sperm motility， sperm count， and TMS scores， and enhanced STRA8， SCP3， and TNP1 expression. Compared with the L-NAME group， the icariin group with medium dose showed increased expression of STRA8， SCP3， and TNP1 in the testicular tissue （P<0.01） and elevated cGMP and GKAP1 levels （P<0.01）. ConclusionExercise-induced fatigue reduces the expression of RGN and cGMP/PKG/GKAP1 in mice， thereby causing abnormal spermatogenesis and impairing reproductive function in mice. Icariin ameliorates spermatogenic dysfunction in exercise-induced fatigue mice by promoting the expression of RGN and cGMP/PKG/GKAP1， thereby mitigating the damage of exercise-induced fatigue to the reproductive system.

Objective: To determine the association between exposure to entertainment screen content on mobile phones and symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students,so as to provide evidence for mental health interventions. Methods: A baseline survey was conducted from April to May 2019. A total of 1 135 college students were selected from one university each in Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province and Hefei City, Anhui Province using cluster random sampling method. A follow up study was conducted in November 2019, resulting in 1 110 matched valid responses. Self rating questionnaires were used to assess the exposure of entertainment screen content. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students. A multivariate binary Logistic regression model was constructed following initial intergroup comparisons with Chi-square test to determine the association between baseline exposure to mobile entertainment screen content and the risk of symptoms of anxiety depression co-morbidity at baseline and the 6 month follow up. Results: The prevalence rates of symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students were 25.4% and 20.6% at baseline and follow up, respectively.After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, self rated family economic status and self rated health status, the results of multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the appropriate exposure level group, the exposure of entertainment screen content on mobile phones at baseline, including frequent exposure to reading( OR =1.65,95% CI =1.14-2.39), occasional exposure to other entertainment screen content ( OR =1.46,95% CI =1.01-2.10)and frequent exposure to other entertainment screen content( OR =1.76,95% CI =1.20-2.60), increased the co-occurrence risk of symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students during the follow up period (all P <0.05). Conclusion Occasional or frequert exposure to mobile entertainment screen content can increase the risk of symptoms of anxiety depression co-morbidity among college students.

Objective: To investigate the association between screening detected myopia in primary school students and mixed exposure to air pollutants, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents. Methods: From May to July 2023, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 15 102 primary school students in grades 3 through 6 from Hefei, Zhongshan, Shenyang, and Nanchang citys. Data were collected through questionnaires, distance vision screening, and computerized refraction. Monthly average concentration data for particulate matter (PM 10 ), fine particulate matter (PM 2. 5), NO 2 and SO 2 were used to calculate the annual average pollutant concentrations for primary school students. Quantile g computation model was employed to analyze the association between mixed exposure to air pollutants and screening detected myopia. Results: The differences in concentrations of the four pollutants among cities were statistically significant ( H =12 886.0, 13 285.0, 8 559.0, 13 181.0, all P <0.01). In the overall sample, there was no statistically significant association between combined exposure to air pollutants and the risk of myopia ( β=0.033, 95%CI=-0.004-0.072, P =0.08). Stratified analysis by outdoor activity time showed that among primary school students with outdoor activity time ≤1 h/d, mixed exposure to air pollutants was positively associated with the risk of myopia ( β=0.050, 95%CI=0.002-0.099, P =0.04); after stratification by city, combined exposure to air pollutants was significantly associated with the risk of myopia among primary school students in Nanchang and Shenyang [ β (95% CI )= 0.232(0.175-0.289), 0.080(0.006-0.155), both P <0.05], whereas no statistically significant association was observed among primary school students in Hefei and Zhongshan [ β (95% CI )=-0.010(-0.071-0.051), -0.032(-0.167-0.102), both P ＞ 0.05 ]. Conclusions Exposure to multiple air pollutants may increase the risk of myopia in primary school students, with the risk influenced by time spent outdoors and geographical location. It is recommended that outdoor activity management for children be strengthened in areas with higher air pollution levels, and that environmental factors be incorporated into comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategies.

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of constructing a programmed death receptor-1（PD-1） molecular probe for non-invasive micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography （Micro-PET/CT） imaging of PD-1 protein in mouse S180 sarcoma. MethodsA transgenic PD-1 C57 S180 sarcoma mouse model was established using the S180 sarcoma cell injection. Furthermore， ¹²⁴I-anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody probe was synthesized. 18.5 MBq of the ¹²⁴I-anti-PD-1 probe was injected into the tail vein of transgenic PD-1 C57 mice. Subsequently， S180 sarcoma was imaged using Micro-PET/CT. ResultsStudy successfully established a transgenic PD-1 C57 S180 sarcoma mouse model. Immunohistochemical （IHC） results showed PD-1 protein expression in S180 sarcoma. Micro-PET/CT imaging successfully visualized the PD-1 protein receptor in S180 sarcoma at different time points （20， 48， 72， and 120 h） after probe injection. ConclusionThe ¹²⁴I-anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody molecular probe successfully targets the PD-1 receptor in S180 sarcoma of transgenic PD-1 C57 mice， and presents clear Micro-PET/CT immunoassay results， thus it potentially enables the non-invasive screening of patients with PD-1 positive malignant tumors.

Laboratory animal practitioners refer to various personnel engaged in work related to laboratory animals or animal experiments. Their development not only affects the occupational health and safety of practitioners but also directly impacts the development level of laboratory animal science and the accuracy of animal experiment results. This article reviews the training requirements for laboratory animal practitioners stipulated by national standards, regulations, normative documents, and management policies in Sichuan Province. It analyzes the scale and training status of laboratory animal practitioners in Sichuan Province, compiles statistics on the changes in the scale of laboratory animal practitioners in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2024, and examines the number of practitioners in four categories (scientific researchers, management personnel, animal keepers, and other personnel) and three different educational levels (postgraduate degree, bachelor's degree, and below bachelor's degree). It summarizes the possible reasons for the changes in personnel structure from 2015 to 2024, namely the continuous refinement of the division of labor in laboratory animal-related work and the continuous development of disciplines such as life sciences, medicine, and pharmacy. The article analyzes the current training status of laboratory animal practitioners in Sichuan Province from three aspects, including training organizations, the training system, and training methods for laboratory animal practitioners in Sichuan Province. It provides a detailed analysis of the series of training sessions on laboratory animal-related topics organized by the Office of the Laboratory Animal Management Committee of Sichuan Province and the Sichuan Laboratory Animal Society since 2019. It concludes that there are advantages such as an increasing proportion of highly educated personnel and a relatively well-established training system, and discusses issues such as inadequate top-level design and insufficient attention from some units. Finally, it proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, including strengthening the assessment of practitioner training, formulating training plans for laboratory animal practitioners, and compiling specialized training materials. This article can provide a reference for the development and training of laboratory animal practitioners.

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal association between biological rhythm trajectories and the risk of anxiety, depression, and comorbid symptoms among college students, so as to provide a cumulative empirical basis for early psychiatric tracking and mental health warning systems. Methods: Using random cluster sampling method, a baseline survey was conducted from April to May 2019. One comprehensive university and one medical university were selected in Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, and Hefei City, Anhui Province, respectively. A total of 1 029 first year college students were recruited as study participants, and four waves of longitudinal follow up were carried out over a period of two years. The Self rating of Biological Rhythm Disorder for Adolescents was used to assess college students biological rhythms, and using the dynamic data from the first two follow ups to construct the trajectory of biological rhythm changes. Mental health outcomes (anxiety and depressive symptoms) at the end of the follow up period were assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariable Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the independent predictive value of distinct lifestyle rhythm trajectories on the detection risk of long term anxiety, depression, and their comorbid symptoms. Results: The prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and comorbid symptoms among participants were 23.5%, 22.6%, and 16.7%, respectively. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for confounding factors such as sex, major, smoking, and alcohol consumption, compared with the persistent low risk reference group of overall biological rhythm, the persistent high risk trajectory group of overall assessment had an increased risk of anxiety symptoms( OR=3.87, 95%CI =2.45-6.11), depressive symptoms( OR=3.18, 95%CI =1.98-5.10), and comorbid symptoms( OR=2.43, 95%CI =1.46-4.04)(all P ＜0.05).Among college students in the elevated overall assessment risk group, the risks of anxiety symptoms ( OR=1.97, 95%CI =1.22-3.17), depressive symptoms ( OR=2.13, 95%CI =1.33-3.42), and comorbid symptoms ( OR=1.81, 95%CI =1.07-3.06) were also increased (all P < 0. 05), and the various risks in the group with increased risks were also higher than those in the group with consistently low risks. Conclusions The dynamic deterioration and persistent disruption of college students lifestyle and behavioral rhythms serve as strong early warning indicators for long term anxiety and depressive symptoms. Mental health screening in colleges and universities should incorporate multi timepoint dynamic tracking of behavioral rhythms, and circadian rhythm regulation should be regarded as a core target for group level mental health interventions.

Objective: To investigate the trends in disease burden due to childhood asthma in China from 1990 to 2021 and to project the disease burden from 2022 to 2035, so as to provide insights into formulation of the control interventions for childhood asthma in China. Methods: The prevalent case, agestandard prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and agestandard DALYs rate of children with asthma at ages of 0 to 14 years and their 95% uncertainty interval (UI) in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The temporal trends in the disease burden of childhood asthma were evaluated with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), and the disease burden due to asthma was projected among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model from 2022 to 2035. Results: There were 9.368 3 million (95%UI=6.410 7 million to 14.026 1 million) prevalent cases of asthma among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China in 2021, contributing to 0.387 9 million (95%UI=0.216 1 million to 0.668 8 million) DALYs loss. The prevalent cases and DALYs of asthma decreased by 37.28% and 52.55% among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China in 2021 compared with 1990, and the agestandardized prevalence [EAPC=-0.70%, 95%CI=-1.26% to -0.13%)] and DALY rates [EAPC=-1.71%, 95%CI=-2.32% to -1.10%)] also appeared a tendency towards a decline. From 1990 to 2021, the prevalent cases, prevalence, DALYs and DALYs rate of asthma were all higher among male children than among female children, and the disease burden of asthma was higher among children at ages of 5 to 9 years than at other age groups. BAPC model predicted a decline in both prevalent cases and DALYs of asthma among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China from 2022 to 2035, with 6.759 6 million prevalent cases and DALYs of 0.228 4 million personyears in 2035, while the prevalence and DALYs rates were projected to rise to 5 143.35/105 and 173.75/105 in 2035. Conclusions Despite a reduction in the disease burden of asthma among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China from 1990 to 2021, the prevalence remained high. The disease burden due to asthma is projected to appear a decline among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China from 2022 to 2035; however, the prevalence and DALYs rates still rise. Intensified control measures and targeted interventions are required to reduce the disease burden of childhood asthma.

In 2025， Severe Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Group and Nutrition and Regeneration in End-Stage Liver Disease Group of Chinese Society of Hepatology， Chinese Medical Association， convened a panel of national experts to jointly develop China’s first guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF）. Based on the latest research findings and clinical practice in China and globally， this guideline establishes a standardized definition of ACLF and provide recommendations for its diagnosis， treatment， and clinical management. This article gives an interpretation of the key points in the guideline， in order to provide a reference for standardized diagnosis and treatment of ACLF.

ObjectiveTo study the chemical constituents of Bidens pilosa and the in vitro antiproliferative activity of some compounds against gastric cancer cells. MethodsThe chemical constituents were isolated and purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography， preparative thin layer chromatography， medium pressure preparation chromatography， semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and recrystallization， their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties， spectral data and circular dichroism spectra. Thiazole blue（MTT） assay was used to determine the in vitro inhibitory activityies of some isolated compounds against human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells， and molecular docking was used to predict their potential targets. ResultsTwenty-five compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of B. pilosa and identified as bidpillignan A（1）， 5α， 8α-epidioxy-（22E， 24R）-ergosta-6， 22-diene-3β-ol（2）， 3β-hydroxysitost-5-en-7-one（3）， （20R）-6β-hydroxystigmasta-4， 22-dien-3-one（4）， 3β-hydroxylstigmasta-5， 22-dien-7-one（5）， （22E， 24S）-24-methyl-5α-choleata-7， 22-diene-3β， 5α， 6β-triol（6）， stigamast-5-ene-3β， 7α-diol（7）， stigmast-5， 22-diene-3β， 7α-diol（8）， 7β-hydroxysitosterol（9）， stigmasterol（10）， artabotrol（11）， cosmosoic acid（12）， ent-4（15）-eudesmene-1β， 6α-diol（13）， clovandiol（14）， 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde（15）， 6， 7-dimethoxycoumarin（16）， 3'， 4'-dimethoxyquercetin（17）， 8， 8'-bis-（dihydroconiferyl）-diferuloylate（18）， hydroxydihydrobovolide（19）， 2-deacetyl-11β， 13-dihydroxyxanthinin（20）， loliolide（21）， pubescone（22）， （+）-dehydrovomifoliol（23）， 2， 3-dihydroxypropyl palmitate（24） and n-hexadecane acid（25）. Among them， compound 1 was a new compound， compounds 3-9， 11-12， 18-20， 22-23 were first isolated from Bidens genus plants， and compounds 13 and 14 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 17 and 18 showed good in vitro proliferation inhibitory activities against SGC-7901 cells with the half inhibitory concentrations（IC₅₀） of 3.11， 7.22 μmol·L^-1， respectively. Molecular docking results showed that the potential targets of the two exerting anti-gastric cancer activity might be vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2（VEGFR2） and poly（adenosine diphosphate-ribose） polymerase 7（PARP7）. ConclusionOne new compound， 14 genus first compounds， and 2 species first compounds were isolated from B. pilosa， among which compounds 17 and 18 processed anti-gastric cancer cell proliferation activity in vitro， and the targets may be VEGFR2 and PARP7.