ObjectiveTo study the chemical constituents of Bidens pilosa and the in vitro antiproliferative activity of some compounds against gastric cancer cells. MethodsThe chemical constituents were isolated and purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography， preparative thin layer chromatography， medium pressure preparation chromatography， semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and recrystallization， their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties， spectral data and circular dichroism spectra. Thiazole blue（MTT） assay was used to determine the in vitro inhibitory activityies of some isolated compounds against human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells， and molecular docking was used to predict their potential targets. ResultsTwenty-five compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of B. pilosa and identified as bidpillignan A（1）， 5α， 8α-epidioxy-（22E， 24R）-ergosta-6， 22-diene-3β-ol（2）， 3β-hydroxysitost-5-en-7-one（3）， （20R）-6β-hydroxystigmasta-4， 22-dien-3-one（4）， 3β-hydroxylstigmasta-5， 22-dien-7-one（5）， （22E， 24S）-24-methyl-5α-choleata-7， 22-diene-3β， 5α， 6β-triol（6）， stigamast-5-ene-3β， 7α-diol（7）， stigmast-5， 22-diene-3β， 7α-diol（8）， 7β-hydroxysitosterol（9）， stigmasterol（10）， artabotrol（11）， cosmosoic acid（12）， ent-4（15）-eudesmene-1β， 6α-diol（13）， clovandiol（14）， 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde（15）， 6， 7-dimethoxycoumarin（16）， 3'， 4'-dimethoxyquercetin（17）， 8， 8'-bis-（dihydroconiferyl）-diferuloylate（18）， hydroxydihydrobovolide（19）， 2-deacetyl-11β， 13-dihydroxyxanthinin（20）， loliolide（21）， pubescone（22）， （+）-dehydrovomifoliol（23）， 2， 3-dihydroxypropyl palmitate（24） and n-hexadecane acid（25）. Among them， compound 1 was a new compound， compounds 3-9， 11-12， 18-20， 22-23 were first isolated from Bidens genus plants， and compounds 13 and 14 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 17 and 18 showed good in vitro proliferation inhibitory activities against SGC-7901 cells with the half inhibitory concentrations（IC₅₀） of 3.11， 7.22 μmol·L^-1， respectively. Molecular docking results showed that the potential targets of the two exerting anti-gastric cancer activity might be vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2（VEGFR2） and poly（adenosine diphosphate-ribose） polymerase 7（PARP7）. ConclusionOne new compound， 14 genus first compounds， and 2 species first compounds were isolated from B. pilosa， among which compounds 17 and 18 processed anti-gastric cancer cell proliferation activity in vitro， and the targets may be VEGFR2 and PARP7.

Objective: To investigate the trends in disease burden due to childhood asthma in China from 1990 to 2021 and to project the disease burden from 2022 to 2035, so as to provide insights into formulation of the control interventions for childhood asthma in China. Methods: The prevalent case, agestandard prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and agestandard DALYs rate of children with asthma at ages of 0 to 14 years and their 95% uncertainty interval (UI) in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The temporal trends in the disease burden of childhood asthma were evaluated with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), and the disease burden due to asthma was projected among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model from 2022 to 2035. Results: There were 9.368 3 million (95%UI=6.410 7 million to 14.026 1 million) prevalent cases of asthma among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China in 2021, contributing to 0.387 9 million (95%UI=0.216 1 million to 0.668 8 million) DALYs loss. The prevalent cases and DALYs of asthma decreased by 37.28% and 52.55% among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China in 2021 compared with 1990, and the agestandardized prevalence [EAPC=-0.70%, 95%CI=-1.26% to -0.13%)] and DALY rates [EAPC=-1.71%, 95%CI=-2.32% to -1.10%)] also appeared a tendency towards a decline. From 1990 to 2021, the prevalent cases, prevalence, DALYs and DALYs rate of asthma were all higher among male children than among female children, and the disease burden of asthma was higher among children at ages of 5 to 9 years than at other age groups. BAPC model predicted a decline in both prevalent cases and DALYs of asthma among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China from 2022 to 2035, with 6.759 6 million prevalent cases and DALYs of 0.228 4 million personyears in 2035, while the prevalence and DALYs rates were projected to rise to 5 143.35/105 and 173.75/105 in 2035. Conclusions Despite a reduction in the disease burden of asthma among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China from 1990 to 2021, the prevalence remained high. The disease burden due to asthma is projected to appear a decline among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China from 2022 to 2035; however, the prevalence and DALYs rates still rise. Intensified control measures and targeted interventions are required to reduce the disease burden of childhood asthma.

Objective: To explore the effects of Cldn14 gene knockout on renal metabolism and stone formation in rats，so as to provide reference for research in the field of urinary calium metabolism and stone formation. Methods: Cldn14 gene knockout homozygous rats and wild-type rats of the same age were randomly divided into 4 groups：wild-type control (WC) group，wild-type ethylene glycol (WE) group，gene knockout control (KC) group and gene knockout ethylene glycol (KE) group，with 10 rats in each group.The WE and KE groups were induced with ethylene glycol + ammonium chloride to form kidney stones，while the WC and KC groups received normal saline gavage.After 4 weeks of standard maintenance feeding，the urine samples were collected to detect the venous blood.The kidneys were collected for HE，Pizzolatto's staining and transmission electron microscopy.The protein in renal tissues was extracted to detect the expressions of Claudin16 and Claudin19. Results: Crystal deposition was observed in the renal tubular lumen of the WE and the KE groups，and more crystals were detected in the KE group.The WE group had a large number of intracytoplasmic black crystalline inclusions observed in renal tubular epithelial cells under transmission electron microscope，followed by the KE and KC groups.Compared with WC and WE groups，KC and KE groups had significantly decreased serum calcium and magnesium levels but significantly increased urinary calcium level.In addition，the urinary calcium level was higher in the WE group than in the WC group and higher in the KE group than in the KC group.The KE group had lower level of Claudin16，but there was no significant difference in the level of Claudin19 among the 4 groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: Knockout of Cldn14 gene alone cannot effectively reduce urinary calcium excretion or reduce the risk of stone formation in rats，which may be related to the decrease of Claudin16 level.

In 2025， Severe Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Group and Nutrition and Regeneration in End-Stage Liver Disease Group of Chinese Society of Hepatology， Chinese Medical Association， convened a panel of national experts to jointly develop China’s first guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF）. Based on the latest research findings and clinical practice in China and globally， this guideline establishes a standardized definition of ACLF and provide recommendations for its diagnosis， treatment， and clinical management. This article gives an interpretation of the key points in the guideline， in order to provide a reference for standardized diagnosis and treatment of ACLF.

ObjectiveTo improve the quality and service performance of community visual health services in Shanghai, and to establish a set of reasonable and effective evaluation index system for community visual health services. MethodsCentered on the national and Shanghai-based visual health policies and based on the current status and development trends of community visual health service program in Shanghai, the candidate indicators were formed through literature review and expert interviews, firstly. The framework of an evaluation index system was formulated through qualitative research successively, which was further revised and perfected using the Delphi method. Coefficient weights were calculated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), culminating in the establishment of the community visual health evaluation index system, lastly. ResultsA total of 22 visual health experts from district-level center for disease control, hospital ophthalmology and leaders in charging of visual health service in community health centers participated in the Delphi questionnaire survey, with a questionnaire recovery rate of 100% and an expert authority coefficient of 0.86, indicating high credibility. After a round of correspondence to experts’ importance ratings and discussions, a comprehensive evaluation index system comprising 3 primary indicators, 12 secondary indicators, and 47 tertiary indicators, along with 5 additional indicators, was finalized. ConclusionAn index system tailored to effective evaluation for community visual health initiatives was drawn up in this study, which can promote the capacity building in community eye health services, facilitating the high-quality development of visual health courses, and enhancing residents’ eye health.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Polygonatum neutral polysaccharides from sibiricum （PSP-NP） on colon injury in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group， a COPD model group， and a PSP-NP group. The COPD model was established using smoke exposure combined with intranasal LPS administration. The PSP-NP group was simultaneously treated daily with 200 mg/kg of PSP-NP via intragastric gavage， while the other groups received an equal volume of saline. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the colon. ELISA was employed to detect the levels of LPS in serum and the expressions of ZO-1， Occludin， IL-6， and TNF-α in colon tissue. UPLC-MS was used to detect the types and contents of bile acids in colonic content， and to screen for differential bile acids. Differential microbial flora were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing， and correlation analysis was conducted with differential bile acids. PSP-NP was combined with the differential bile acids cholic acid （CA）， and deoxycholic acid （DCA） in vitro to analyze the binding capacity of PSP-NP for CA and DCA. PSP-NP was applied to NCM460 normal colonic epithelial cells cultured in CA and DCA. Cell migration ability was assessed using the scratch assay， and the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α， IL-6， and NF-κB were measured by RT-qPCR. ResultsPSP-NP effectively improved colonic damage in COPD model mice， enhanced mechanical barrier function， alleviated inflammatory response， and regulated abnormal changes in colonic flora and bile acid metabolism. Correlation analysis further revealed that PSP-NP regulated colonic bile acid metabolism and reduced the redundancy of secondary bile acids by increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidota， Verrucomicrobiota， Bacteroides， and Akkermansia， while decreasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Notably， in vitro binding assays demonstrated that PSP-NP bound to differential bile acids DCA and CA， with the strongest binding capacity for DCA at 58.2%. In cellular functional studies， DCA inhibited the migration ability of colonic epithelial cells NCM460 and significantly increased the relative mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α， IL-6， and NF-κB. Importantly， co-treatment with PSP-NP significantly ameliorated the impact of DCA on NCM460 cells. ConclusionsPSP-NP may significantly improve colonic damage in COPD model mice. The mechanism may involve the regulation of colonic bile acid metabolism and bile acid profiles through both microbial modulation and direct binding， thereby reducing the damage caused by secondary bile acids such as DCA to colonic epithelial cells.

Objective: To analyze the association and dose response relationship between physical activity and inflammatory markers in college students, so as to provide a reference for promoting cardiometabolic health in college students. Methods: A cluster random sampling method was used to select 747 college students from two universities in Hefei, Anhui Province and Shangrao, Jiangxi Province from April to May 2019. Physical activity was assessed by using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and peripheral blood was collected to detect plasma inflammatory factor levels [including hypersensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)]. The differences between the groups were compared by using the χ 2 test and the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, and the association between physical activity and inflammatory markers was analyzed by using the Generalized Linear Model. The dose response relationship between physical activity and inflammatory markers was analyzed using the Restricted Cubic Spline Model. Results: The proportions of low physical activity, moderate physical activity, and high physical activity groups of college students were 15.9%, 53.7% and 30.4%, respectively. The levels of hsCRP, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the high physical activity group were 0.38(0.21, 1.10)mg/L, 70.74(47.90, 116.43)pg/mL, 1.75(1.21, 2.64)pg/mL, 4.33(2.93, 6.82) pg/mL , 5.27(3.89, 7.30)pg/mL,the levels in the low physical activity group were 0.80(0.31, 1.30)mg/L, 73.88 (47.90, 124.24)pg/mL, 1.88(1.42, 2.81) pg/mL, 4.82 (3.64, 6.67) pg/mL, 5.63 (4.34, 7.62)pg/mL, the levels in the moderate physical activity group were 0.63(0.25, 1.30)mg/L, 89.78(58.21, 127.65)pg/mL, 2.21(1.59, 3.27)pg/mL, 5.15( 3.72 , 7.72)pg/mL, 5.87( 4.63 , 8.00)g/mL, and the differences were statistically significant ( H=10.66, 11.38, 27.79, 14.13, 9.44, P <0.05). After adjusting for variables such as gender, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption and health status, the results of Generalized Linear Model showed that compared with the high physical activity group, the low physical activity group ( OR=2.20, 95%CI = 1.46- 3.31) and the moderate physical activity group ( OR=1.65, 95%CI =1.22-2.25) were more likely to have high levels of hsCRP, and the moderate physical activity group was more likely to have high levels of IL-1β ( OR=1.85, 95%CI =1.36-2.51), IL-6 ( OR=1.44, 95%CI =1.06-1.96), and TNF-α ( OR=1.43, 95%CI =1.05-1.94) ( P <0.05). The Restricted Cubic Spline Model showed that there was no linear dose response relationship between the time of moderate to vigorous physical activity weekly and IL-10, IL-6, II-1β, and TNF-α ( P <0.05). Conclusion There is an association between physical activity and inflammation in college students, and moderate to high intensity per week could reduce inflammation levels to promote cardiometabolic health in college students.

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that recognizes multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. It is a cytoplasmic immune factor that responds to cellular stress signals, and it is usually activated after infection or inflammation, forming an NLRP3 inflammasome to protect the body. Aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation is reportedly associated with some inflammatory diseases and metabolic diseases. Recently, there have been mounting indications that NLRP3 inflammasomes play an important role in liver injuries caused by a variety of diseases, specifically hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, hepatitis, and liver failure. Herein, we summarize new research pertaining to NLRP3 inflammasomes in hepatic injury, hepatitis, and liver failure. The review addresses the potential mechanisms of action of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and its regulation in these liver diseases.
Humans ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Inflammasomes/physiology* ; Animals ; Liver Diseases/metabolism* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Reperfusion Injury/metabolism*

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to determine the content of three major components in Citri Reticulatae Semen(CRS), including limonin, nomilin, and obacunone. The chromaticity of the CRS sample during salt processing and stir-frying was measured using a color difference meter. Next, the relationship between the color and content of the salt-processed CRS sample was investigated through correlation analysis. By integrating the oil bath technique for processing simulation with HPLC, the changes in the relative content of nomilin and its transformation products were analyzed, with its structural transformation pattern during processing identified. Additionally, RAW264.7 cells were induced with lipopolysaccharides(LPSs) to establish an inflammatory model, and the anti-inflammatory activity of nomilin and its transformation product, namely obacunone was evaluated. The results indicated that as processing progressed, E~*ab and L~* values showed a downward trend; a~* values exhibited a slow increase over a certain period, followed by no significant changes, and b~* values remained stable with no significant changes over a certain period and then started to decrease. The limonin content remained barely unchanged; the nomilin content decreased, and the obacunone increased significantly. The changing trends in content and color parameters during salt-processing and stir-frying were basically consistent. The content of nomilin and obacunone was significantly correlated with the colorimetric values(L~*, a~*, b~*, and E~*ab), while limonin content showed no significant correlation with these values. By analyzing HPLC patterns of nomylin at different heating temperatures and time, it was found that under conditions of 200-250 ℃ for heating of 5-60 min, the content of nomilin significantly decreased, while the obacunone content increased pronouncedly. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity results indicated that compared to the model group, the group with a high concentration of nomilin and the groups with varying concentrations of obacunone showed significantly reduced release of nitric oxide(NO)(P<0.01). When both were at the same concentration, obacunone showed better performance in inhibiting NO release. In this study, the obvious correlation between the color and content of major components during the processing of CRS samples was identified, and the dynamic patterns of quality change in CRS samples during processing were revealed. Additionally, the study revealed and confirmed the transformation of nomilin into obacunone during processing, with the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of obacunone significantly greater than that of nomilin. These findings provided a scientific basis for CRS processing optimization, tablet quality control, and its clinical application.
Mice ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Limonins/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus/chemistry* ; Color ; Benzoxepins/chemistry* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effectiveness of arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction using a "sandwich" patch combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection in treating massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. METHODS: A clinical data of 15 patients (15 sides) with massive irreparable rotator cuff tears, who were admitted between September 2020 and March 2023 and met the selective criteria, was retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 7 females with an average age of 62.1 years (range, 40-80 years). The rotator cuff tears were caused by trauma in 7 cases and other reasons in 8 cases. The disease duration ranged from 5 to 25 months, with an average of 17.7 months. According to the Hamada grading, the rotator cuff tears were rated as grade 1 in 2 cases, grade 2 in 8 cases, and grade 3 in 5 cases. All patients were underwent superior capsular reconstruction using the "sandwich" patches (autologous fascia lata+polypropylene patch+autologous fascia lata) combined with PRP injection on patches. The pre- and post-operative active range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant-Murley score, University of California, Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA) score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were recorded. The subacromial space was measured on the imaging and rotator cuff integrity was assessed based on Sugaya grading. RESULTS: All incisions healed by first intention after operation without any complications such as infection. All patients were followed up 12-18 months (mean, 14.4 months). At last follow-up, the active ROMs of flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation of the shoulder joint, subacromial space, ASES score, Constant-Murley score, and UCLA score increased, and VAS score decreased, showing significant differences when compared with preoperative values ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the Sugaya grading between last follow-up and immediately after operation ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION For massive irreparable rotator cuff tears, arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction using the "sandwich" patches combined with PRP injection can restore stability of the shoulder joint, relieve pain, promote rotator cuff healing, and achieve good short-term effectiveness.
Humans ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/therapy* ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged, 80 and over ; Treatment Outcome ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Rotator Cuff/surgery* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder Joint/surgery*