This article aims to explore the effect and mechanism of Liujunzi Pills on the intestinal microbiota of rats with spleen Qi deficiency syndrome. The raw Rhei Radix et Rhizoma water extract(1 g·mL~(-1)) was used to prepare spleen Qi deficiency rat models. A total of 44 SD male rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, Liujunzi Pills groups at high(3.24 g·kg~(-1)), medium(1.62 g·kg~(-1)), low(0.81 g·kg~(-1)) doses, and Shenling Baizhu San(2.50 g·kg~(-1)) group. The drug effect was evaluated by observing the following aspects: spleen index, fecal water content, body weight, and intestinal propulsion index. Gut microbiota analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were conducted on feces. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and UV spectrophotometry were used to detect interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) levels in small intestine tissues. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy were employed to observe changes in intestinal pathology and microstructure. The results show that, compared with the control group, fecal moisture content is significantly increased while spleen index, body weight, and intestinal propulsion index are significantly reduced in rats of the model group, indicating the successful establishment of the model. The above symptoms can be improved by both Shenling Baizhu San and Liujunzi Pills. Compared with the control group, in the model group, the gut microbiota abundance is changed with an unbalanced development: the abundance of beneficial bacteria within the Bacteroidetes phylum is reduced, accompanied by a significantly decreased Shannon index, and reduced signal levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)-related enzymes relevant to mitochondria. However, Liujunzi Pills and Shenling Baizhu San can significantly improve the Bacteroidetes phylum abundance in gut microbiota, microbial diversity, and NADPH activity in the model group. Additionally, compared with the control group, the ATP level is decreased and the IL-1β level is increased in small intestinal tissues of the model group, with shorter small intestinal epithelial villi and decreased mitochondrial number. The above symptoms can be improved by Liujunzi Pills and Shenling Baizhu San. In conclusion, Liujunzi Pills can treat spleen Qi deficiency syndrome by enhancing mitochondrial function to regulate gut microbiota balance and diversity.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Qi ; Spleen/metabolism* ; Splenic Diseases/metabolism* ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics* ; Bacteria/drug effects* ; Feces/microbiology* ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism*

Objective Fragrant sachets are items with significant Chinese cultural characteristics and have multiple application values, with their medicinal value being an important aspect. Especially in recent years, with the successive outbreaks of SARS, MERS, COVID-19, the medicinal effect of traditional Chinese medicine sachets has been increasingly valued and widely used.However, there are no relevant standards for traditional Chinese medicine sachets at the national, industry, local, or organizational levels, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the industry. To establish standards for traditional Chinese medicine sachets to lead the development of the industry. Methods Based on the review of the current application status of traditional Chinese medicine sachets, a study on the quality standards of traditional Chinese medicine sachets was conducted through investigation and research, data collection, drafting of standard drafts, soliciting opinions, review and approval, and standard verification. Results The first group standard of traditional Chinese medicine sachet in China: Technological specification of traditional Chinese medicine sachet (powder core), which ensures the scientificity, progressiveness, rationality and practicability of the production of the standard of traditional Chinese medicine sachet. Conclusion The established group standard for traditional Chinese medicine sachets are practical, safe, reliable, and easy to implement, providing technical references for the inheritance and promotion of traditional Chinese medicine sachets.

Objective:To review the literature on improving patients′medical experience, analyze the current research status in this field, and provide references for enhancing patients′medical experience.Methods:A search was conducted for studies related to improving patients′medical experience published from January 2015 to November 2024 in eight databases, including CNKI and Web of Science. Using software CiteSpace 6.4.R1 and VOSviewer 1.6.19 to analyze publication trends, keyword clustering, existing problems in the process of improving patients′medical experience, and the measures taken.Results:6 507 articles were included, of which 4 452 were in English (68.4%) and 2 055 were in Chinese (31.6%). The annual number of publications showed a nearly linear growth trend ( R2 = 0.983 9). The clustering analysis results indicated that domestic and international research mainly focused on patient-centered diagnostic and treatment systems, behaviors, services, and environments. Existing studies revealed that there were still problems such as long waiting times for appointments and consultations (292 articles), uneven distribution of medical resources (198 articles), and poor doctor-patient communication (155 articles). To improve patients′medical experience, the following intervention measures were proposed: accelerating the medical reform process and strengthening government responsibilities (169 articles); enhancing service concepts and innovating service models (363 articles); optimizing the consultation process and simplifying medical procedures (221 articles); improving the consultation environment and optimizing the facilities in the consultation area (181 articles); and integrating technological advantages to cover the entire medical process (346 articles). Conclusions:Research on improving patients' medical experience was increasingly attracting the attention of more and more scholars. Issues such as low service efficiency, unbalanced resource allocation, and poor doctor-patient communication need to be given special attention. In the future, it is recommended to enhance the experience of patients′ medical experience by strengthening policy and institutional guarantees, accelerating the construction of information technology, improving doctor-patient communication skills and humanistic care, and enhancing the capacity of primary medical services.

Objective:To review the literature on improving patients′medical experience, analyze the current research status in this field, and provide references for enhancing patients′medical experience.Methods:A search was conducted for studies related to improving patients′medical experience published from January 2015 to November 2024 in eight databases, including CNKI and Web of Science. Using software CiteSpace 6.4.R1 and VOSviewer 1.6.19 to analyze publication trends, keyword clustering, existing problems in the process of improving patients′medical experience, and the measures taken.Results:6 507 articles were included, of which 4 452 were in English (68.4%) and 2 055 were in Chinese (31.6%). The annual number of publications showed a nearly linear growth trend ( R2 = 0.983 9). The clustering analysis results indicated that domestic and international research mainly focused on patient-centered diagnostic and treatment systems, behaviors, services, and environments. Existing studies revealed that there were still problems such as long waiting times for appointments and consultations (292 articles), uneven distribution of medical resources (198 articles), and poor doctor-patient communication (155 articles). To improve patients′medical experience, the following intervention measures were proposed: accelerating the medical reform process and strengthening government responsibilities (169 articles); enhancing service concepts and innovating service models (363 articles); optimizing the consultation process and simplifying medical procedures (221 articles); improving the consultation environment and optimizing the facilities in the consultation area (181 articles); and integrating technological advantages to cover the entire medical process (346 articles). Conclusions:Research on improving patients' medical experience was increasingly attracting the attention of more and more scholars. Issues such as low service efficiency, unbalanced resource allocation, and poor doctor-patient communication need to be given special attention. In the future, it is recommended to enhance the experience of patients′ medical experience by strengthening policy and institutional guarantees, accelerating the construction of information technology, improving doctor-patient communication skills and humanistic care, and enhancing the capacity of primary medical services.

Objective To investigate the effect of early postoperative abnormal blood glucose on the short-term prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and to analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors related to poor early prognosis.Methods A total of 897 patients with NSCLC who underwent thoracoscopic surgery in Huadong Hospital,Fudan University from Jan 2020 to Aug 2021 were divided into hyperglycemia(HG)group(>7.8 mmol/L)and normal blood glucose(NG)group(≤7.8 mmol/L and≥3.9 mmol/L)according to the early postoperative blood glucose values.Additionally,the patients were divided into higher blood glucose fluctuation group(≥4 mmol/L)and the group with lower blood glucose fluctuation(<4 mmol/L)basing on the fasting blood glucose.Using Logistic regression models,column line charts,ROC curves and other methods,we aimed to clarify the impact of early postoperative blood glucose abnormalities on short-term prognosis,explore clinical characteristics associated with poor short-term outcomes,identify other high-risk factors,and establish relevant risk prediction models.Results Compared with the NG group,the incidence of postoperative pneumonia,thromboembolism,ICU admission rate,total length of hospital stay and hospital cost were significantly higher in the HG group(P<0.05).Higher blood glucose fluctuation group had a greater risk of ICU admission(P=0.003).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,preoperative fasting glucose,white blood cell count and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1(CYFRA21-1)were risk factors for postoperative hyperglycemia(P<0.05).Contrary to the effect of BMI,diabetes,male patients,higher blood glucose fluctuation,white blood cell count and age were the risk factors for postoperative adverse events(P<0.05).The AUC of the column line chart model was 0.661(95%CI:0.624-0.698),indicating good discriminative ability for predicting poor short-term prognosis postoperatively.Calibration curves also demonstrated good consistency between predicted and actual probabilities.Conclusion Early postoperative blood glucose fluctuations independently impact the short-term prognosis of thoracoscopic NSCLC patients.Blood glucose combined with gender,BMI,white blood cell count,age and diabetes history can serve as predictive factors for poor short-term prognosis postoperatively.Additionally,a column line chart constructed based on these factors may aid clinicians in early intervention for NSCLC patients with indications.

Objective To explore the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy based on 5G internet of things(IOT)on rehabilitation and kinesiophobia in elderly patients after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for coronary artery disease.Methods Sixty elderly postoperative PCI patients with coronary artery disease admitted from June to December 2023 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into the control group and the 5G group,with 30 cases in each group.The control groupreceived conventional nursing intervention,while the 5G group receivedcognitive behavioral therapy based on 5G IOT in addition to traditional nursing.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),6-minute walking distance(6MWD),the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia Heart(TSK-SV Heart)scores,the Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ)scores,and rehabilitation compliance were compared between the two groups.Results 12 weeks afterintervention,LVEF and 6MWD in the 5G groupwere significantly improved as compared with those in the control group(P＜0.05).The TSK-SV Heart scores in the 5G group werelower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),but the SAQ scores were higher(P＜0.05).And the rate of better rehabilitation compliance in the 5G group was significantly higher than thatin the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Cognitive behavioral therapy based on 5G IOT helps to improve the rehabilitation effect in elderly patients with coronary artery disease after PCI,reduce kinesiophobia,improve quality of life,and enhance reha-bilitationcompliance,thus promoting the rehabilitation process of the patients.

Objective To explore the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy based on 5G internet of things(IOT)on rehabilitation and kinesiophobia in elderly patients after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for coronary artery disease.Methods Sixty elderly postoperative PCI patients with coronary artery disease admitted from June to December 2023 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into the control group and the 5G group,with 30 cases in each group.The control groupreceived conventional nursing intervention,while the 5G group receivedcognitive behavioral therapy based on 5G IOT in addition to traditional nursing.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),6-minute walking distance(6MWD),the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia Heart(TSK-SV Heart)scores,the Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ)scores,and rehabilitation compliance were compared between the two groups.Results 12 weeks afterintervention,LVEF and 6MWD in the 5G groupwere significantly improved as compared with those in the control group(P＜0.05).The TSK-SV Heart scores in the 5G group werelower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),but the SAQ scores were higher(P＜0.05).And the rate of better rehabilitation compliance in the 5G group was significantly higher than thatin the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Cognitive behavioral therapy based on 5G IOT helps to improve the rehabilitation effect in elderly patients with coronary artery disease after PCI,reduce kinesiophobia,improve quality of life,and enhance reha-bilitationcompliance,thus promoting the rehabilitation process of the patients.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the distribution characteristics of HCV genotypes and subtypes in patients with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)/HCV co-infection in Kunming based on the nucleocapsid protein gene sequence of HCV (hepatitis C virus). Methods　Serum was collected from HIV/HCV co-infected patients with household registration in 14 county-level cities, districts and counties under the jurisdiction of Kunming, who admitted to Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital from March to August 2019. The viral RNA was extracted from the serum, reverse transcribed to synthesize cDNA, and the HCV nucleocapsid protein gene-specific primers were used for nested PCR amplification. The positive amplification products were sequenced, bioinformatics software such as DNAstar and MEGAX were used for sequence analysis. Results　A total of 64 samples from co-infected patients with clinical diagnosis of suspected HIV/HCV were collected and amplified by HCV nucleocapsid protein gene-specific primers, of which 17 samples were amplified positively. The results of sequence analysis showed that the sequences of 9 cases were located in the same evolutionary branch as the HCV 3b subtype sequence, and the nucleotide homology was 93.3%-95.2%; the sequences of 5 cases were located in the same evolutionary branch as the HCV 1b subtype sequence, and the nucleotide homology was 96.8%-97.6%; the sequence of one case and the subtype sequence of HCV 3a gene were located in the same evolutionary branch, and the nucleotide homology was 95.2%; the sequence of one case and HCV 6n gene subtype sequence were located in the same evolutionary branch, and the nucleotide homology was 97.9%; One case was located in the same evolutionary branch as the HCV 6u gene subtype sequence, and the nucleotide homology was 98.4%. Conclusions　HCV 1b, HCV 3a, HCV 3b, HCV 6n and HCV 6u genotypes or subtypes of HCV are prevalent in Kunming, and HCV 3b is the most prevalent genotype.

Background::To date, there is no effective medicine to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the antiviral efficacy of arbidol in the treatment for COVID-19 remained equivocal and controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of arbidol tablets in the treatment of COVID-19.Methods::This was a prospective, open-label, controlled and multicenter investigator-initiated trial involving adult patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients were stratified 1:2 to either standard-of-care (SOC) or SOC plus arbidol tablets (oral administration of 200 mg per time, three times a day for 14 days). The primary endpoint was negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week. The rates and 95% confidential intervals were calculated for each variable.Results::A total of 99 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled; 66 were assigned to the SOC plus arbidol tablets group, and 33 to the SOC group. The negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week in patients receiving arbidol tablets was significantly higher than that of the SOC group (70.3% [45/64] vs. 42.4% [14/33]; difference of conversion rate 27.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7%-48.1%; P = 0.008). Compared to those in the SOC group, patients receiving arbidol tablets had a shorter duration of clinical recovery (median 7.0 days vs. 12.0 days; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.877, 95% CI: 1.151-3.060, P = 0.006), symptom of fever (median 3.0 days vs. 12.0 days; HR: 18.990, 95% CI: 5.350-67.410, P < 0.001), as well as hospitalization (median 12.5 days vs. 20.0 days; P < 0.001). Moreover, the addition of arbidol tablets to SOC led to more rapid normalization of declined blood lymphocytes (median 10.0 days vs. 14.5 days; P > 0.05). The most common adverse event in the arbidol tablets group was the elevation of transaminase (5/200, 2.5%), and no one withdrew from the study due to adverse events or disease progression. Conclusions::SOC plus arbidol tablets significantly increase the negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week and accelerate the recovery of COVID-19 patients. During the treatment with arbidol tablets, we find no significant serious adverse events.Trial registration::Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, NCT04260594, www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04260594?term= NCT04260594&draw=2&rank=1

Objective:To express the head domain of influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) in a prokaryotic expression system and to evaluate its immunogenicity.Methods:The genes encoding the HA head domains of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses were cloned into pET-22b(+ ) prokaryotic expression plasmid. After the induction with IPTG, the fusion proteins rH1N1-HA and rH3N2-HA containing HA head domain and His-tag were expressed and obtained from E. coli BL21. SDS-PAGE and Western blot was used to verify the expression of the recombinant proteins. Rabbits were immunized with multiple doses of the purified recombinant proteins to obtain polyclonal antibodies against the HA head domains of H1N1 and H3N2. The immunogenicity of the recombinant proteins was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Results:rH1N1-HA and rH3N2-HA induced protective antibodies (geometric mean titer ≥40) in mice and could be used as protective antigens. Polyclonal antibodies against rH1N1-HA and rH3N2-HA could be used as important materials for Western blot, ELISA and other immunological assays.Conclusions:The HA head domains prepared in this study could be used as protective antigens to induce protective antibodies in mice. Polyclonal antibodies against the HA head domains could be used for immunological and serological studies of influenza A viruses.