The plants of the genus Caragana Fabr. are desert plants of the Leguminosae family, which are widely used in traditional ethnomedicine, with the effects of nourishing Yin and nourishing blood, dispelling wind and removing dampness, clearing heat and detoxifying toxins. The anti-inflammatory effect of Caragana Fabr. has attracted much attention, the research on the related mechanism has made some progress, but it lacks systematic collation. By summarising the anti-inflammatory effects of the active ingredients of Caragana Fabr., the authors found that they have good anti-inflammatory activities on different inflammatory cell models in vitro, and have good improvement effects on rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, complex nephritis, and acute lung injury and other disease models. The anti-inflammatory effects of the active components of this genus mainly include the reduction of the levels of a variety of pro-inflammatory factors, and the signalling pathways involved mainly include TLR4/NF-κB, TLR4/MAPK, TLR4/NF-κB/IRF3, JAK/STAT-1, ERK/STAT-1 and so on. Therefore, the paper mainly reviews the research progress on the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of the Caragana Fabr. plants and their active components according to disease types, with a view to providing reference for the in-depth study of their anti-inflammatory activities and the development of new products with related functions.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of children with non-Down-syndrome-related acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (non-DS-AMKL). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical data of 17 children with non-DS-AMKL who were admitted to Children's Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2013 to December 2023, and their clinical features, treatment, and prognosis were summarized. RESULTS: Among the 17 children with non-DS-AMKL, there were 8 boys and 9 girls. Fourteen patients had an onset age of less than 36 months, with a median age of 21 months (range:13-145 months). Immunophenotyping results showed that 16 children were positive for CD61 and 13 were positive for CD41. The karyotype analysis was performed on 16 children, with normal karyotype in 6 children and abnormal karyotype in 9 children, among whom 5 had complex karyotype and 1 had no mitotic figure. Detected fusion genes included EVI1, NUP98-KDM5A, KDM5A-MIS18BP1, C22orf34-BRD1, WT1, and MLL-AF9. Genetic alterations included TET2, D7S486 deletion (suggesting 7q-), CSF1R deletion, and PIM1. All 17 children received chemotherapy, among whom 16 (94%) achieved complete remission after one course of induction therapy, and 1 child underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and remained alive and disease-free. Of all children, 7 experienced recurrence, among whom 1 child received HSCT and died of graft-versus-host disease. At the last follow-up, six patients remained alive and disease-free. CONCLUSIONS Non-DS-AMKL primarily occurs in children between 1 and 3 years of age. The patients with this disorder have a high incidence rate of chromosomal abnormalities, with complex karyotypes in most patients. Some patients harbor fusion genes or gene mutations. Although the initial remission rate is high, the long-term survival rate remains low.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/etiology* ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Down Syndrome/complications*

To investigate the effects of Biyan Jiedu Capsules on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and their molecular mechanism, nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE1 and CNE2 were used. They were divided into control group(30% blank serum medium), low-(10% drug-containing serum + 20% blank serum medium), medium-(20% drug-containing serum + 10% blank serum medium), and high-(30% drug-containing serum medium) concentration group of Biyan Jiedu Capsules according to in vitro experiment. After 24 h of intervention, the effects of Biyan Jiedu Capsules on the proliferation of CNE1 and CNE2 were detected by CCK-8 assay, clonal formation experiment, and EdU staining. The effect of Biyan Jiedu Capsules on apoptosis of CNE1 and CNE2 was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the effect of Biyan Jiedu Capsules on the expression of X-linked apoptosis inhibitor protein(XIAP), survivin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), and PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins in CNE1 and CNE2. The results showed that compared with the control group, the survival rate of CNE1 and CNE2 in the medium and high concentration groups of Biyan Jiedu Capsules could be decreased in a concentration-dependent way(P<0.05, P<0.01). At the same time, EdU staining and clonal formation experiments showed that the proliferation of CNE1 and CNE2 was significantly inhibited in the medium and high concentration groups of Biyan Jiedu Capsules(P<0.05, P<0.01). Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of CNE1 and CNE2 was significantly increased in all concentration groups of Biyan Jiedu Capsules(P<0.01), and the apoptosis rate was concentration-dependent. Western blot showed that the expressions of XIAP, survivin, PCNA, p-PI3K, and p-Akt in all concentration groups of Biyan Jiedu Capsules were significantly down-regulated(P<0.05, P<0.01). In conclusion, Biyan Jiedu Capsules can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells possibly by down-regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Humans ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Capsules ; Carcinoma/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy of Wenshen Chushi Decoction combined with low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by renal deficiency and phlegm-dampness syndrome. METHODS: One hundred and twenty ED patients were included from the Department of Andrology in the First Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The patients in control group were treated with Wenshen Chushi Decoction. While the patients in observation group were treated with Wenshen Chushi Decoction combined with LIPUS for 8 consecutive weeks. After the treatment, the efficacy was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score, Penile Flow Index (PFI), Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Score, Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score. Safety was also observed. And the efficacy was followed up 4 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS: Fifty-seven cases were enrolled into control group finally with 55 cases in the treatment group. After the treatment, all the patients in both of groups showed an improvement in IIEF-5 scores (P<0.01). Compared with the control group (19.09 ± 2.22), the IIEF-5 score in observation group (20.42 ± 2.39) increased significantly (P<0.01). After the treatment, the scores of PFI, TCM syndrome and SDS in both groups decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the control group (［3.77 ± 1.21］, ［9.91 ± 1.71］ and ［39.88 ± 2.63］ points), the observation group (［2.92 ± 1.08］, ［4.78 ± 1.45］, and ［34.51 ± 2.09］ points） showed a more significant decrease (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in total effective rate between the two groups (P>0.05). During follow-up, the IIEF-5 scores of both groups of patients were higher than those before (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the observation group score was higher than that in the control group (［17.15 ± 3.37］ vs ［13.63 ± 1.96］, P<0.01). No adverse reaction and abnormality of indicators occurred in both of two groups. CONCLUSION Wenshen Chushi Decoction has a significant therapeutic effect on ED caused by renal deficiency and phlegm-dampness syndrome. It can not only improve the quality of erection, but also improve the physical and mental symptoms associated with ED， which makes therapeutic effect lasting longer.
Humans ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Erectile Dysfunction/etiology* ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVE: To explore the neuroprotective effects of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD) based on in vivo and metabolomics experiments. METHODS: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was induced via a controlled cortical impact (CCI) method. Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 for each): sham, CCI and XFZYD groups (9 g/kg). The administration was performed by intragastric administration for 3 days. Neurological functions tests, histology staining, coagulation and haemorheology assays, and Western blot were examined. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to identify metabolites. The key metabolite was validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: XFZYD significantly alleviated neurological dysfunction in CCI model rats (P<0.01) but had no impact on coagulation function. As evidenced by Evans blue and IgG staining, XFZYD effectively prevented blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption (P<0.05, P<0.01). Moreover, XFZYD not only increased the expression of collagen IV, occludin and zona occludens 1 but also decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which protected BBB integrity (all P<0.05). Nine potential metabolites were identified, and all of them were reversed by XFZYD. Adenosine was the most significantly altered metabolite related to BBB repair. XFZYD significantly reduced the level of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) and increased adenosine (P<0.01), which may improve BBB integrity. CONCLUSIONS XFZYD ameliorates BBB disruption after TBI by decreasing the levels of MMP-9 and COX-2. Through further exploration via metabolomics, we found that XFZYD may exert a protective effect on BBB by regulating adenosine metabolism via ENT2.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism* ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/metabolism* ; Adenosine/metabolism* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats

Disinfection by-product(DBPs)are contaminants generated during drinking water treatment processes.Despite their low concentration level,these compounds exhibit high toxicity,posing threaten to both environmental safety and human health.Traditional DBPs analysis methods rely on chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques,which are limited by complex and time-consuming pretreatment processes,as well as expensive and non-portable instrumentation.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop sensitive,fast,simple and low-cost in-situ detection technique and analysis instruments for DBPs.Electrochemical sensors,as a beneficial complement to the standard DBPs detection method,are expected to achieve on-site in-situ detection and remote real-time monitoring.This article provided a concise overview of regulatory indicators and standardized detection methods for DBPs,followed by an in-depth discussion of recent advancements in electrochemical detection of DBPs,focusing on two key aspects,recognition probes and analytical techniques.Finally,the current challenges and potential research directions in the field of electrochemical sensors for DBPs were summarized.

Objective To establish a stable,reliable,and clinically relevant porcine model of endotoxin-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Ten 8-month-old male Bama minipigs were deeply sedated,followed by invasive mechanical ventilation and electrocardiographic monitoring.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was intravenously pumped at 600 μg/(kg·h)for 3 hours,then maintained at 15 μg/(kg·h)thereafter.Dynamic monitoring was performed at five time points after LPS injection(LPS 0,1,3,5,and 8 h),including arterial blood gas analysis and chest computed tomography(CT)scans.Pathological examination of lung tissues obtained via bronchoscopic biopsy(HE staining and transmission electron microscopy)was conducted.These indicators were comprehensively used to evaluate the success of the animal model.Results At 5 hours after LPS administration,8 minipigs developed symptoms such as skin cyanosis,elevated body temperature,and respiratory distress.The oxygenation index decreased to<300 mmHg.Chest CT scans showed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.Histopathology revealed alveolar edema and hyaline membrane formation.Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated disruption of pulmonary blood-air barrier,depletion of lamellar bodies in type Ⅱ pneumocytes,inflammatory cell infiltration,and exudation of plasma proteins and fibrin.Compared with LPS 0 h,at LPS 8 h,the oxygenation index and arterial blood pH were significantly decreased(P<0.001),while blood lactic acid and serum potassium were significantly increased(P<0.05);serum calcium and base excess were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the lung injury score based on HE-stained lung sections was significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion The porcine ARDS model established by continuous LPS injection can dynamically simulate the pathophysiological characteristics and typical pathological manifestations of clinical septic ARDS,making it an effective tool to study the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment strategies of septic ARDS.

Objective:To study the distribution of TCM constitutions in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:This is a multicenter cross-sectional study. The general clinical data, dialysis-related parameters and physical and chemical examination data of MHD patients from 6 dialysis centers in Sichuan were collected. At the same time, DS01-A tongue and facial pulse information collection system was used for TCM constitution discrimination.Results:A total of 232 MHD patients were enrolled , and 417 kinds of TCM constitutions were detected, including 59 patients (25.43%) with moderate constitution and 173 patients (74.57%) with biased constitution. Phlegm-dampness was the most common type of solid constitution 47 patients (20.26%). The most common deficiency constitution was qi deficiency 86 patients (37.07%). There were certain differences in the physical distribution of patients with different gender, age, dialysis age, BMI, and whether they had diabetes, hypertension or anemia.Conclusions:The TCM constitutions of MHD patients are mainly biased constitution. Gender, age, BMI, diabetes or hypertension have a certain impact on the distribution of TCM constitutions. At the same time, different constitutions may have an impact on the anemia of MHD patients. The intervention of TCM constitutions on MHD patients may be beneficial to the prognosis of MHD patients.

Objective:To explore the application effect of the modified sandwich teaching method based on constructivism theory in clinical teaching of neurology nursing interns.Methods:A total of 29 nursing interns who practiced in the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital) from June 2020 to May 2021 were selected as the control group, using the conventional clinical nursing teaching method, and 28 nursing interns who practiced from June 2021 to May 2022 were selected as the observation group, using the modified sandwich teaching method based on constructivism theory. Before graduating from the Department of Neurology, nursing interns in the two groups were compared in terms of the teaching effects, such as the score of learning initiative, theoretical examination, operation examination, and nursing round report. SPSS 25.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The score for each dimension (learning driving force, learning objectives, in-depth learning, controlled learning, and solid learning) and total score in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the scores of theoretical examination and operation examination (89.11±3.58 vs. 88.97±2.74, 93.79±2.48 vs. 93.86±2.20; P>0.05); the scores of nursing rounds in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (88.61±2.60 vs. 83.38±3.97, P<0.05). Conclusions:The modified sandwich teaching method based on constructivism theory can enhance the learning initiative and comprehensive analysis ability of nursing interns in the Department of Neurology. It is suitable for clinical nursing teaching in the Department of Neurology and is worth popularizing.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) on regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO 2) during induction of general anesthesia in patients undergoing traumatic brain injury (TBI) emergency surgery. Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. The TBI emergency general anesthesia patients who underwent intracranial hematoma removal surgery at the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from January to July in 2023 were enrolled. The patients were divided into a conventional mask ventilation group and a THRIVE group using a random number table method. The patients in the conventional mask ventilation group were anesthetized and induced to pre oxygenate without positive pressure ventilation in the front mask for 10 minutes, with an oxygen flow rate of 8 L/min and an fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2) of 1.00. After anesthesia induction for about 90 s, tracheal intubation was performed after the muscle relaxant took effect (patient's jaw muscle was relaxed). The patients in the THRIVE group were pre oxygenated with THRIVE for 10 minutes, with an oxygen flow rate of 30 L/min and a FiO 2 of 1.00. During anesthesia induction, the oxygen flow rate was increased to 50 L/min, and anesthesia induction medication was used. The lower jaw of patient was supported with both hands to maintain airway patency, and the patient's mouth was kept closed throughout the process. After the muscle relaxant took effect (the patient's jaw muscle was relaxed), tracheal intubation was performed. At the time of patient entering the operating room, 10 minutes of pre oxygenation, and immediately after successful intubation, rScO 2 was measured on the surgical and non-surgical sides. At the same time, ultrasound was used to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum and arterial blood gas analysis was performed. The partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (P ETCO 2) during the first mechanical ventilation after successful tracheal intubation, the incidence of hypoxemia [pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2) < 0.95] during tracheal intubation, as well as prognostic indicators such as the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, total length of hospital stay, and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score at discharge were recorded. Results:During the study period, a total of 70 TBI patients underwent emergency general anesthesia surgery, of which 2 patients died postoperatively, 2 patients were unable to cooperate with closed mouth breathing, and 3 patients had poor ultrasound image acquisition in the gastric antrum, all of whom were excluded. A total of 63 patients were ultimately enrolled, including 32 in the conventional mask ventilation group and 31 in the THRIVE group. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), baseline vital signs, fasting situation, anesthesia time, surgical time, and intraoperative blood loss between the patients in the two groups, indicating comparability. When entering the operating room, there was no statistically significant difference in rScO 2 on the surgical and non-surgical sides, and blood gas analysis indexes arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) between the patients in the two groups. When pre oxygenated for 10 minutes, both the surgical and non-surgical sides rScO 2 levels in the THRIVE group were significantly higher than those in the conventional mask ventilation group (surgical side: 0.709±0.036 vs. 0.636±0.028, non-surgical side: 0.791±0.016 vs. 0.712±0.027, both P < 0.01), and the PaO 2 was significantly increased [mmHg (1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa): 450.23±60.99 vs. 264.88±49.33, P < 0.01], PaCO 2 was significantly reduced (mmHg: 37.81±3.65 vs. 43.59±3.76, P < 0.01), and the advantage continues tilled immediately after successful intubation. There was no statistically significant difference in CSA at each time point of ultrasound examination between the two groups. Compared with the conventional mask ventilation group, the patients in the THRIVE group showed a significant decrease in P ETCO 2 during the first mechanical ventilation after successful tracheal intubation (mmHg: 43.10±2.66 vs. 49.22±3.31, P < 0.01), and the incidence of hypoxemia during tracheal intubation was also significantly reduced [0% (0/31) vs. 28.12% (9/32), P < 0.01]. In terms of prognostic indicators, there was no statistically significant difference in the length of ICU stay and total length of hospital stay between the patients in the conventional mask ventilation group and the THRIVE group [length of ICU stay (days): 10 (9, 10) vs. 10 (9, 11), total length of hospital stay (days): 28.00 (26.00, 28.75) vs. 28.00 (27.00, 29.00), both P > 0.05]. However, the proportion of patients in the THRIVE group with a good prognosis at discharge (GOS score > 3) was significantly higher than that in the conventional mask ventilation group [35.5% (11/31) vs. 12.5% (4/32), P < 0.05]. Conclusion:THRIVE can significantly increase rScO 2 during anesthesia induction in TBI emergency surgery patients and improve their neurological function prognosis.