Dipsaci Radix is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in China, with triterpenoid saponins as the main active components. β-Amyrin synthase, a member of the oxidosqualene cyclase superfamily, plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins. Asperosaponin Ⅵ is an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin. To explore the β-amyrin synthase genes involved in the biosynthesis of asperosaponin Ⅵ in Dipsacus asper, this study screened the candidate genes from the transcriptome data of D. asper. Two β-amyrin synthase genes, Da OSC1 and Da OSC2, were identified by phylogenetic analysis and correlation analysis. The coding sequences of Da OSC1 and Da OSC2 were 2 286 bp and 2 295 bp in length, encoding 761 and 764 amino acids,respectively. Multiple sequence alignments showed that Da OSC1 and Da OSC2 had three conserved motifs( DCTAE, QW, and MWCYCR) unique to the oxidosqualene cyclase family. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that Da OSC1 and Da OSC2 had the highest expression levels in the roots. Compared with normal growth conditions, the low-temperature treatment significantly upregulated the expression of Da OSC1 and Da OSC2. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of Da OSC1 and Da OSC2 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the production of β-amyrin, which suggested that Da OSC1 and Da OSC2 were able to catalyze the synthesis of β-amyrin. This study clarified the catalytic functions of two β-amyrin synthases in D. asper, analyzed their expression patterns in different tissue and at low temperatures. The findings provide a foundation for further studying the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory mechanism of asperosaponin Ⅵ in D. asper.
Intramolecular Transferases/chemistry* ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/chemistry* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Dipsacaceae/classification* ; Saponins/metabolism* ; Oleanolic Acid/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma(PRP) in treating Rockwood type Ⅲ acromioclavicular dislocation. METHODS: From January 2019 to July 2021, 32 patients with Rockwood type Ⅲ acromioclavicular dislocation were treated with minimally invasive adjustable titanium plate internal fixation, and were divided into PRP group and control group according to whether PRP treatment was performed, with 16 patients in each group. In PRP group, there were 10 males and 6 females, aged from 28 to 47 years old with an average of (36.75±7.14) years old;the time from injury to surgery ranged from 1 to 31 h with an average of (26.13±3.98) h;5 patients on the left side and 11 patients on the right side;PRP was injected once during operation and the 4th and 8th weeks after operation respectively. In control group, there were 8 males and 8 females, aged from 30 to 52 years old with an average of (38.50±5.48) years old; the time from injury to surgery ranged from 1 to 29 h with an average of (25.48±3.11) h;7 patients on the left side and 9 patients on the right side; minimally invasive surgical treatment was performed. Visual analogue scale(VAS) was used to evaluate pain and Constant-Murley score for shoulder joint function was used to evaluate the recovery of shoulder joint movement function before operation and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation respectively. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 12 to 28 months with an average of (18.3±5.2) months. All incisions patients healed well without adverse events such as infection. Postoperative VAS of PRP group at 1, 3, and 6 months were (5.5±1.2), (3.7±1.6), and (2.4±1.2), respectively, while were lower than those of control group (6.6±1.4), (4.9±1.1), and (3.7±1.3), respectively;and had statistical differences between two groups (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in VAS between two groups before operation and 12 months after operation (P>0.05). Postoperative Constant-Murley scores of PRP group at 1, 3, and 6 months were (64.09±11.61), (73.19±12.89), and (82.61±14.81) points, respectively, which were higher than those of control group were (52.32±17.42), (61.65±14.43), and (72.52±11.04) respectively;and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in Constant-Murley scores at 12 months after operation between two groups (P>0.05). In PRP group, there was no statistically significant difference at 6 months and 12 months after operation (P>0.05), while there were statistically significant differences at the other time points (1 month after operation compared with before operation, 3 months after operation compared with 6 months after operation, and 3 months after operation compared with 1 month after operation) (P<0.05). In control group, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing 1 month and 3 months after operation (P>0.05), while at the other time points (1 month after operation with before operation, 3 months after operation with 6 months after operation, and 6 months after operation with 12 months after operation), the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Adjustable titanium plate fixation combined with postoperative injection of PRP for the treatment of Rockwood type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation has effect of promoting the recovery of shoulder joint function and reducing pain.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Acromioclavicular Joint/surgery* ; Bone Plates ; Titanium ; Joint Dislocations/therapy* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods*

Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible protein 45 β (GADD45B) has been reported to be a regulatory factor for active DNA demethylation and is implicated in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and chronic stress-related psychopathological processes. However, its precise role and mechanism of action in stress susceptibility remain elusive. In this study, we found a significant reduction in GADD45B expression specifically in the ventral, but not the dorsal hippocampal CA1 (dCA1) of stress-susceptible mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GADD45B negatively regulates susceptibility to social stress and NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in the ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1). Importantly, through pharmacological inhibition using the NMDA receptor antagonist MK801, we provided further evidence supporting the hypothesis that GADD45B potentially modulates susceptibility to social stress by influencing NMDA receptor-mediated LTP. Collectively, these results suggested that modulation of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity is a pivotal mechanism underlying the regulation of susceptibility to social stress by GADD45B.
Animals ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors* ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects* ; Male ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology* ; Mice ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects* ; Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism* ; Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology* ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology* ; GADD45 Proteins

Acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS) is one of the most common sport injuries, with high incidence, recurrence and disability rates. Currently, exercise rehabilitation-based non-surgical treatment is the primary management approach for ALAS. However, there remain improper practices such as excessive immobilization or uncontrolled activity, which contribute to recurrent sprains and chronic ankle instability, significantly impairing patients′ athletic function and quality of life. To standardize the non-surgical management of ALAS, improve the cure rates, and reduce the recurrence and disability rates, Chinese Sports Rehabilitation Medicine Training Project of Chinese Medical Association, Foot and Ankle Basics and Orthopedics Group, Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Sports Medicine Branch of Jiangsu Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate Expert consensus on non-surgical treatment for acute lateral ankle sprain ( version 2025), following the principles of scientific vigor, practicality, and innovation. Thirteen recommendations were proposed for standardized treatment protocols across different healing phases, aiming to provide references for standard management of ALAS and improve the therapeutic outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the effect of thrombocytopenia and coagulation dysfunction on bleeding complications in patients undergoing percutaneous liver biopsy.Methods:The clinical, laboratory, and demographic data of patients undergoing percutaneous liver biopsy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2005 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of bleeding was recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the effects of thrombocytopenia and coagulation dysfunction on the risk of postoperative bleeding. Furthermore, we assessed the bleeding risk in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.Results:A total of 2 885 liver perforations were performed in 2 364 patients, 98.4% of whom had an autoimmune liver disease. There were 27 cases of postoperative bleeding (0.9%). The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that platelet count (PLT)( P<0.05, OR=0.975), coagulation dysfunction (international normalized ratio; INR)( P<0.05, OR=6.954), and cirrhosis ( P<0.05, OR=3.857) were associated with bleeding. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PLT was an independent risk factor for bleeding ( P<0.05, OR=0.975). PLT scores of 40×10 9/L and 65×10 9/L can classify the bleeding risk of patients with thrombocytopenia into high, medium, and low risk. There was no difference in the risk of bleeding between the 40×10 9/L0.05, χ2=0.10). The risk of bleeding in the 31×10 9/L≤PLT≤40×10 9/L group was higher than that in the 40×10 9/L0.05, χ2=0.10). Furthermore, the bleeding cases were considered mild as the bleeding stopped after pressure hemostasis. Conclusions:PLT is an independent risk factor for bleeding after hepatocentesis. When the PLT is >40×10 9/L, hepatocentesis can still be performed safely with appropriate management measures.

Patients with advanced pregnancy complicated by acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction are relatively rare both domestically and internationally,and there are currently no relevant guidelines to guide clinical treatment.In this case,a 39-year-old pregnant woman was admitted to the hospital with sudden chest pain,and the electrocardiogram showed extensive anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.Coronary angiography showed subtotal subtotal occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending artery.Reperfusion and revascularization were given,and the blood flow grade of the trial of thrombolytic in myocardial infarction was restored.Complete intravascular ultrasonography to determine the cause of occlusion due to spontaneous hematoma of the left anterior descending artery.After the operation,a reasonable antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatment regimen was selected according to the coronary artery lesion,and the pregnancy was terminated at the appropriate time,and 1 live male baby was successfully delivered.Maternal and fetal health was followed up after 1、3 and 6 months.Through the experience and summary of the treatment process,combined with the literature,the pathogenesis of this disease is discussed,and the strategy of revascularization,the selection of antithrombotic drugs and the timing of pregnancy termination are discussed in depth for clinical reference.

A novel analytical method was developed in this study by combining online solid phase extraction with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(Online SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)for simultaneous determination of 50 kinds of steroid hormones in surface water.Specifically,after high-speed centrifugation of 4 mL water samples,the supernatant was directly injected into an Oasis HLB online SPE column for enrichment and purification.Subsequently,the target compounds were transferred to the analytical column via valve switching for separation and analysis.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Thermo Acclaim RSLC C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.2 μm),using a mobile phase composed of 5 mmol/L ammonium fluoride aqueous solution and acetonitrile.Mass spectrometric detection was conducted in positive ion mode,utilizing multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)with quantification achieved by the internal standard method.The method validation demonstrated that the limits of detection(LOD)for the 50 kinds of steroid hormones ranged from 0.02 to 0.50 ng/L,while the limits of quantification(LOQ)were between 0.08 and 1.67 ng/L.The average recoveries in surface water samples at spiked concentrations of 5,20 and 200 ng/L were between 74.1％and 119％,with relative standard deviations(RSDs)of 0.2％to 9.9％.This method was applied to analyze 11 surface water samples collected from sites surrounding a pharmaceutical and chemical industrial park.A total of 44 kinds of steroid hormones were detected,with concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 88.6 ng/L,revealing the presence of hormone contamination in the environmental waters surrounding industrial areas.Compared with the traditional offline SPE methods,the proposed online SPE technique significantly reduced sample volume requirements and pretreatment time,while minimizing the loss of target compounds during the pretreatment process.Moreover,compared to reported online SPE techniques,this method achieved high-throughput analysis of multiple classes of steroid hormones,with lower detection limits and higher recoveries.Overall,this method provided rapid sample preparation,high sensitivity,and excellent stability,making it suitable for the direct analysis of trace steroid hormones in surface water.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and polysomnographic(PSG)features of children with sleep-related hypoventilation disorder(SRHD),facilitate its auxiliary diagnosis,and explore the therapeutic effects of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation(NPPV)on SRHD children.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of 16 children diagnosed with SRHD who were admitted and treated in the Department of Respiratory Diseases,Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics,from July 2016 to June 2024.Additionally,69 children with severe obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)who visited the Department of Respiratory Diseases and Otolaryngology at the same hospital from July 2021 to June 2022 and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled to compare clinical and PSG characteristics between SRHD and OSA children.The therapeutic effects of NPPV were evaluated.Results(1)Among 16 SRHD children,4(25.0%)presented with cyanosis,9(56.3%)with dyspnea,and 5(31.3%)with convulsions.(2)Eleven SRHD children completed PSG+PetCO2,showing PSG characteristics consistent with severe OSA.(3)Compared with severe OSA children,SRHD children had lower proportion of rapid eye movement(REM)sleep,mean and minimum oxygen saturation,and higher obstructive hypopnea index,obstructive apnea-hypopnea index(OAHI),and apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)(P<0.05).(4)When compared with 25 severe OSA children with OAHI>25,the ratio of obstructive apnea to hypoventilation was approximately 1:30 in SRHD children,with more significant decrease in pulse oxygen saturation(P<0.05).(5)After NPPV treatment for 12 SRHD children,clinical symptoms and PSG indicators significantly improved(P<0.05).Conclusions The 3 main symptoms in SRHD children are dyspnea,convulsions,and cyanosis.For children with unexplained cyanosis and PSG meeting severe OSA criteria,especially those with predominantly obstructive hypoventilation events and significant SpO2 reduction,PetCO2 monitoring should be performed to detect SRHD early.NPPV improves clinical symptoms,reduces sleep-related events,increases sleep-time SpO2,and enhances sleep safety in SRHD children.

Brain’s neural activities encompass both periodic rhythmic oscillations and aperiodic neural fluctuations. Rhythmic oscillations manifest as spectral peaks of neural signals, directly reflecting the synchronized activities of neural populations and closely tied to cognitive and behavioral states. In contrast, aperiodic fluctuations exhibit a power-law decaying spectral trend, revealing the multiscale dynamics of brain neural activity. In recent years, researchers have made notable progress in studying brain aperiodic dynamics. These studies demonstrate that aperiodic activity holds significant physiological relevance, correlating with various physiological states such as external stimuli, drug induction, sleep states, and aging. Aperiodic activity serves as a reflection of the brain’s sensory capacity, consciousness level, and cognitive ability. In clinical research, the aperiodic exponent has emerged as a significant potential biomarker, capable of reflecting the progression and trends of brain diseases while being intricately intertwined with the excitation-inhibition balance of neural system. The physiological mechanisms underlying aperiodic dynamics span multiple neural scales, with activities at the levels of individual neurons, neuronal ensembles, and neural networks collectively influencing the frequency, oscillatory patterns, and spatiotemporal characteristics of aperiodic signals. Aperiodic dynamics currently boasts broad application prospects. It not only provides a novel perspective for investigating brain neural dynamics but also holds immense potential as a neural marker in neuromodulation or brain-computer interface technologies. This paper summarizes methods for extracting characteristic parameters of aperiodic activity, analyzes its physiological relevance and potential as a biomarker in brain diseases, summarizes its physiological mechanisms, and based on these findings, elaborates on the research prospects of aperiodic dynamics.