Glial cells play a central role in maintaining retinal homeostasis and supporting neuronal function.Under glaucomatous pathological conditions,glial cells become activated in response to neuronal injury,exhibiting a protective bi-as in the early stages while tending to exacerbate damage in the later stages.With in-depth research on the pathogenesis of glaucoma,neuroprotective strategies are gradually shifting from the traditional neuron-centered paradigm to a new para-digm of neuron-glia co-intervention.Targeting the pathological changes in glial cell function and structure,researchers aim to mitigate excitotoxicity and inflammatory damage,optimize energy metabolism,improve tissue remodeling,and reduce myelin loss,thereby protecting retinal ganglion cells.This article reviews recent research progress in providing optic nerve protection through interventions targeting glial cells.These advancements have promoted the development of non-intraocu-lar pressure-dependent neuroprotective strategies.

Glial cells play a central role in maintaining retinal homeostasis and supporting neuronal function.Under glaucomatous pathological conditions,glial cells become activated in response to neuronal injury,exhibiting a protective bi-as in the early stages while tending to exacerbate damage in the later stages.With in-depth research on the pathogenesis of glaucoma,neuroprotective strategies are gradually shifting from the traditional neuron-centered paradigm to a new para-digm of neuron-glia co-intervention.Targeting the pathological changes in glial cell function and structure,researchers aim to mitigate excitotoxicity and inflammatory damage,optimize energy metabolism,improve tissue remodeling,and reduce myelin loss,thereby protecting retinal ganglion cells.This article reviews recent research progress in providing optic nerve protection through interventions targeting glial cells.These advancements have promoted the development of non-intraocu-lar pressure-dependent neuroprotective strategies.