Objectives: Osteoporosis is often undiagnosed due to the shortcomings of conventional screening, resulting in missed chances for early treatment. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning applied to chest X-rays, offer a new opportunity for opportunistic screening. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of this approach in Japanese women aged ≥ 50 years. Methods: An economic model estimated the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained (in 2024 Japanese Yen, ¥) for a strategy involving AI-assisted chest X-ray screening followed by treatment, compared to no screening. Patient trajectories were modeled using the AI system’s diagnostic performance and aligned with the Japanese osteoporosis guidelines. Analyses were conducted for Japan overall, in Kure City (a high-fractureincidence area), and in a lower-incidence scenario. Real-world medication persistence, the probabilities of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry examination after screening detection, and treatment initiation rates were incorporated. Results: Nationwide in Japan, the cost per QALY gained from opportunistic osteoporosis screening was estimated at ¥189,713 for women aged ≥ 50, substantially lower than the accepted cost-effectiveness threshold of ¥5 million. In Kure City, opportunistic screening was dominant (lower total costs for more QALYs). In the lowerincidence scenario, 25% below the national average, the cost per QALY was ¥1,055,095, remaining below the threshold. Results were robust across all age-specific populations and in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Leveraging AI-assisted chest X-rays for incidental osteoporosis detection demonstrates strong eco nomic viability for older Japanese women. This approach also proves to be a dominant strategy in areas with elevated fracture rates.

Methods: We evaluated 100 consecutive surgical patients with CM and divided them into the following groups: 80s (34 patients; mean age, 83.9 years), 70s (33 patients; mean age, 73.9 years), and 69 or younger (33 patients; mean age, 60.9 years). The clinical symptoms and physical signs were evaluated and recorded. Results: Although the recovery rate decreased with increasing age, all groups demonstrated a significant improvement in clinical symptoms relative to preoperative values. The Hoffman sign and hyperreflexia of the triceps tendon were, respectively, present in 82% and 88% of patients in the 80s group, 74% and 64% of those in the 70s group, and 69% and 82% of those in the 69 or younger group, with no significant difference among the groups. In contrast, the rates of hyperreflexia of the patellar and Achilles tendons were, respectively, 59% and 32% in the 80s group, 85% and 48% in the 70s group, and 91% and 70% in the 69 or younger group, with significant differences. Conclusions The positivity rate of the lower extremity hyperreflexia decreased significantly with increasing age in patients with CM. The absence of hyperreflexia, particularly lower extremity, is not uncommon in elderly patients with suspected CM.