ObjectiveTo compare and analyze the clinical application of robot-assisted parenchymal-sparing pancreatectomy （R-PSP） and laparoscopic parenchymal-sparing pancreatectomy （L-PSP） in the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm （pNEN）， and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the R-PSP procedure. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of pNEN patients who underwent parenchymal-sparing pancreatectomy in Department of General Surgery， Peking Union Medical College Hospital， Peking Union Medical College， Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences， from December 2017 to August 2023， and according to the minimally invasive surgical procedure， they were divided into R-PSP group and L-PSP group. R-PSP and L-PSP were compared in terms of the efficacy of minimally invasive procedure， the outcome of postoperative complications， and oncological efficacy. The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups； the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of ranked data between two groups. ResultsA total of 45 pNEN patients were included， with 9 in the R-PSP group and 36 in the L-PSP group， and there were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups （all P>0.05）. There were no significant differences between the two groups in time of operation， intraoperative blood loss， intraoperative blood transfusion， and the rate of conversion to laparotomy （all P>0.05）. Compared with the L-PSP group， the R-PSP group had a significantly longer length of postoperative hospital stay ［10.00 （9.00‍ ‍—‍ ‍15.00） days vs 7.50 （6.00‍ ‍—‍ ‍10.00） days， Z=-2.356， P=0.017］ and significantly higher hospital costs ［86 610.44 （81 905.39‍ ‍—‍ ‍114 401.24） yuan vs 38 781.20 （31 708.39‍ ‍—‍ ‍50 514.76） yuan， Z=-4.001， P<0.001］. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rates of serious postoperative complications （Clavien-Dindo grade ≥Ⅲ）， clinically relevant pancreatic fistula， delayed gastric emptying， and intra-abdominal infection （all P>0.05）. The postoperative 90-day mortality rate was 0% for both groups. ConclusionR-PSP has acceptable safety and efficacy in pNEN patients in clinical practice.

In recent years， significant progress has been made in the standardized diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in China. From the lack of treatment options and poor drug efficacy at the beginning to the current comprehensive treatment modality integrating surgery， chemotherapy， radiotherapy， immunotherapy， and targeted therapy under multidisciplinary decision-making， the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer has gradually achieved higher levels of individualization， refinement， and precision. With reference to the latest evidence-based medical data， this article discusses the hot topics in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer and explores the future development directions of this field.

This article reviews the research advances in the characteristics and application progress of various new models for preclinical cancer research on pancreatic cancer， analyzes and discusses the history， current research status， and advantages and disadvantages of new models of pancreatic cancer， including patient-derived tissue xenograft， conditional reprogramming， and patient derived organoids， and it also reviews the studies that have achieved clinical transformation from preclinical models and proposes possible research prospects in the future.

The onset of pancreatic cancer is insidious, and most patients have accompanied by distant metastasis at the time of definite diagnosis. Previously, it was believed that regardless of the size, number and location of metastases, the surgical benefits of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer were extremely limited. However, with the promotion of the concept of oligometastasis in recent years, an increasing number of studies have confirmed that surgical resection after induction therapy can significantly improve the clinical prognosis in some highly selected patients with oligometastatic disease of pancreatic cancer. However, there still remains many controversies about the clear definition, surgical treatment and perioperative management of oligometastatic disease of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, based on the latest research progress, this article proposes to discuss the related hot topics and disputes in the field of oligometastatic disease of pancreatic cancer for purpose of promoting the standardization of the treatment of oligometastatic disease of pancreatic cancer.

The onset of pancreatic cancer is insidious, and most patients have accompanied by distant metastasis at the time of definite diagnosis. Previously, it was believed that regardless of the size, number and location of metastases, the surgical benefits of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer were extremely limited. However, with the promotion of the concept of oligometastasis in recent years, an increasing number of studies have confirmed that surgical resection after induction therapy can significantly improve the clinical prognosis in some highly selected patients with oligometastatic disease of pancreatic cancer. However, there still remains many controversies about the clear definition, surgical treatment and perioperative management of oligometastatic disease of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, based on the latest research progress, this article proposes to discuss the related hot topics and disputes in the field of oligometastatic disease of pancreatic cancer for purpose of promoting the standardization of the treatment of oligometastatic disease of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic surgery is one of the most challenging specialties in general surgery. Due to the variety of pancreatic diseases, the difficulty of surgery, and the differences in diagnosis and treatment among different diseases, treatment strategies for these diseases remain controversial. From the aspects of surgical treatment such as pancreatitis, pancreatic cystic neoplasms, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, and pancreatic cancer, as well as neoadjuvant therapy, adjuvant therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. We review and summarize the frontier progress of clinical and translational research in pancreatic surgery in 2023, in order to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic surgery.

As a systemic disease,pancreatic cancer is highly malignant and has a high rate of recurrence and metastasis,which makes it particularly difficult in diagnosis,treatment and management.In recent years,with the concept of neoadjuvant therapy deeply rooted in the hearts of the people,the treatment of pancreatic cancer has increasingly emphasized the development of comprehensive and individualized treatment schemes in the whole process and multi-dimensional management of pancreatic cancer patients.However,there still remain many controversies about the application of neoadjuvant therapy for resectable pancreatic cancer.This review intended to discuss the hot topics and related controversies in the implementation of neoadjuvant therapy for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer based on domestic and foreign guidelines and the latest research progress,which may vastly promote the standardized application of neoadjuvant therapy for resectable pancreatic cancer.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of immature neutrophils on chronic Plasmodium chabaudi(P.c)infection.Methods Single-cell sequencing combined with flow cytometry was used to detect dynamic changes in immature neutrophils and its S100A9 protein expression during P.c infection.Mice were intragastrically administered Paquinimod to deplete the immature neutrophils.Flow cytometry was used to assess its effect on the immune response against Plasmodium chabaudi.Single-cell sequencing and flow cytometry were conducted on splenocytes to examine changes of monocytes/macrophages.Results Clodronate liposomes(CLs)were administered and parasitemia and survival rates were monitored.The data showed that the frequency and number of immature neutrophils increased significantly during the chronic phase of P.c infection.Parasitemia was significantly elevated in the drug-treatment group,accompanied by a reduction in the frequency and number of immature neutrophils and monocytes.After CLs treatment,monocytes and macrophages decreased and parasitemia increased.Conclusion Taken together,a large number of immature neutrophils are newly generated during the chronic phase of Plasmodium chabaudi infection,and they may exert an anti-Plasmodium chabaudi protective role through an impact on monocytes.

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor with extremely poor prognosis,and its biological behavior is closely related to its genetic characteristics.Traditional preclinical research models struggle to accurately simulate the complex genetic heterogeneity and histological characteristics of pancreatic cancer.In recent years,the development of organoid models and CRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)technology has provided new tools for pancreatic cancer research.Organoids can simulate the genetic and histological features of primary tumors,while CRISPR technology enables precise genetic manipulation in organoids.CRISPR Gene-Editing Organoids can model the occurrence and evolution of pancreatic cancer,conduct gene function analysis,and perform drug screening.This review discusses the recent advancements in the application of organoid models combined with CRISPR technology in pancreatic cancer research,which are expanding our understanding of pancreatic cancer.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of immature neutrophils on chronic Plasmodium chabaudi(P.c)infection.Methods Single-cell sequencing combined with flow cytometry was used to detect dynamic changes in immature neutrophils and its S100A9 protein expression during P.c infection.Mice were intragastrically administered Paquinimod to deplete the immature neutrophils.Flow cytometry was used to assess its effect on the immune response against Plasmodium chabaudi.Single-cell sequencing and flow cytometry were conducted on splenocytes to examine changes of monocytes/macrophages.Results Clodronate liposomes(CLs)were administered and parasitemia and survival rates were monitored.The data showed that the frequency and number of immature neutrophils increased significantly during the chronic phase of P.c infection.Parasitemia was significantly elevated in the drug-treatment group,accompanied by a reduction in the frequency and number of immature neutrophils and monocytes.After CLs treatment,monocytes and macrophages decreased and parasitemia increased.Conclusion Taken together,a large number of immature neutrophils are newly generated during the chronic phase of Plasmodium chabaudi infection,and they may exert an anti-Plasmodium chabaudi protective role through an impact on monocytes.