The process of embryo implantation is a multifaceted and intricate dynamic event that includes the development of endometrial receptivity, embryo localization, adhesion, and invasion. Adhesion molecules, acting as crucial mediators of communication between cells or between cells and the extracellular matrix, are essential for the maintenance of endometrial receptivity and the regulation of embryo localization, adhesion, and invasion. However, the mechanisms by which adhesion molecules of maternal and embryo are organized to regulate key events in the peri-implantation period have yet to be fully explored. Based on recent research findings, this review provides a summary of the functions of different adhesion molecules at the maternal-fetal interface and their potential regulatory mechanisms according to the key progress of embryo implantation. In particular, we discussed the interactions between decidual immune cells and other cells mediated by adhesion molecules during the invasion process, which will provide novel perspectives into the role of adhesion molecule dysfunction in contributing to implantation failure.

The process of embryo implantation is a multifaceted and intricate dynamic event that includes the development of endometrial receptivity, embryo localization, adhesion, and invasion. Adhesion molecules, acting as crucial mediators of communication between cells or between cells and the extracellular matrix, are essential for the maintenance of endometrial receptivity and the regulation of embryo localization, adhesion, and invasion. However, the mechanisms by which adhesion molecules of maternal and embryo are organized to regulate key events in the peri-implantation period have yet to be fully explored. Based on recent research findings, this review provides a summary of the functions of different adhesion molecules at the maternal-fetal interface and their potential regulatory mechanisms according to the key progress of embryo implantation. In particular, we discussed the interactions between decidual immune cells and other cells mediated by adhesion molecules during the invasion process, which will provide novel perspectives into the role of adhesion molecule dysfunction in contributing to implantation failure.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of previous cesarean section (CS) on pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods:PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid, Wanfang database, CNKI, VIP database and CBM were searched from inception to August 2022 to collect studies about the effect of CS on pregnancy outcome of IVF-ET. Meta-analysis was performed by Stata16.0 software after information extraction.Results:A total of 20 studies involving 24 753 patients were included. Meta-analysis displayed that the implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate of CS group were significantly lower than those of vaginal delivery (VD) group ( OR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.66-0.95, P=0.013; OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.63-0.83, P<0.001; OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.83, P<0.001), accompanied by increased early abortion rate ( OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.07-1.30). The results of subgroup analysis showed that compared with VD group, the implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate and the premature birth rate of patients with previous cesarean scar defect (PCSD) were significantly reduced ( OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.31-0.73, P=0.001; OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.30-0.72, P=0.001; OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.26-0.65, P<0.001), while the early abortion rate was significantly increased ( OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.12-5.09, P=0.023). Conclusion:CS significantly reduced the implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate of IVF-ET, and increased the early abortion rate, which might be associated with PCSD. However, due to the quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusion needs to be verified by more large-sample and high-quality studies.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effect of previous cesarean section (CS) on pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods:PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid, Wanfang database, CNKI, VIP database and CBM were searched from inception to August 2022 to collect studies about the effect of CS on pregnancy outcome of IVF-ET. Meta-analysis was performed by Stata16.0 software after information extraction.Results:A total of 20 studies involving 24 753 patients were included. Meta-analysis displayed that the implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate of CS group were significantly lower than those of vaginal delivery (VD) group ( OR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.66-0.95, P=0.013; OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.63-0.83, P<0.001; OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.83, P<0.001), accompanied by increased early abortion rate ( OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.07-1.30). The results of subgroup analysis showed that compared with VD group, the implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate and the premature birth rate of patients with previous cesarean scar defect (PCSD) were significantly reduced ( OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.31-0.73, P=0.001; OR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.30-0.72, P=0.001; OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.26-0.65, P<0.001), while the early abortion rate was significantly increased ( OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.12-5.09, P=0.023). Conclusion:CS significantly reduced the implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate of IVF-ET, and increased the early abortion rate, which might be associated with PCSD. However, due to the quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusion needs to be verified by more large-sample and high-quality studies.

During the outbreak of COVID-19, this paper aimed to discuss its potential risks on reproductive health, which was underpinned by the virus, drugs, disinfectants and psychological problems. The literatures review on previous and latest studies showed that COVID-19 may have potential effects on both men’s and women’s reproductive systems; that contraception should be recommended during antiviral treatment and for at least eight months after the end of antiviral treatment, but there is no evidence to support the termination of pregnancy without medical indicators during early pregnancy; and that chlorine disinfectants are not recommended for assisted reproduction laboratories. Medical professionals should make a comprehensive assessment according to the patient’s fertility needs, disease status and psychological level, in order to provide reasonable fertility guidance and counselling.

During the outbreak of COVID-19, this paper aimed to discuss its potential risks on reproductive health, which was underpinned by the virus, drugs, disinfectants and psychological problems. The literatures review on previous and latest studies showed that COVID-19 may have potential effects on both men’s and women’s reproductive systems; that contraception should be recommended during antiviral treatment and for at least eight months after the end of antiviral treatment, but there is no evidence to support the termination of pregnancy without medical indicators during early pregnancy; and that chlorine disinfectants are not recommended for assisted reproduction laboratories. Medical professionals should make a comprehensive assessment according to the patient’s fertility needs, disease status and psychological level, in order to provide reasonable fertility guidance and counselling.

To explore the relationship and possible mechanism of reproductive function of bisphenol A (BPA) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Serum specimens were collected from 43 PCOS patients and 37 healthy women.And the level of BPA was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The serum level of BPA in PCOS were significantly higher than that in the control group.And the inter-group difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).The patient level of BPA was positively related with obesity and basic luteinizing hormone (LH) (P ＜ 0.05).In the PCOS group,no significant correlation existed between hyperandrogenemia and non-hyperandrogenemia (P ＞ 0.05).Although no difference existed between insulin and non-insulin resistance,the level of BPA in insulin resistance group was lower than in non-insulin resistance group.A higher level of BPA may be associated with obesity and basic LH in PCOS.

A total of 183 patients of ectopic pregnancy due to tubal factors were divided into the methotrexate (MTX),conservative surgery and salpingectomy groups.The dose of gonadotropin,counts of harvested oocytes and high-quality embryos and pregnancy rate were compared among three groups to analyze the differences of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).And the above parameters showed no significant differences (P ＞0.05 ).The clinical pregnancy rate of the conservative group was higher than the other two groups.And the difference was statistically significant compared with salpingectomy ( P ＜ 0.05 ).It suggested that the treatments of ectopic pregnancy had some effects on the outcome of IVF-ET.The pregnancy rate was slightly higher in the conservative surgery group.

One hundred and twenty-two infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 112 infertile women without PCOS were interviewed with symptom checklist 90 ( SCL-90) and questionnaire of demographic and clinical characteristics to understand their psychological health status. Results demonstrated that scores of depression, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive and aggressive symptoms in infertile patients with PCOS were significantly higher than those in non-PCOS infertile ones (P < 0. 05 ). Acne had negative effect on their psychological health status (OR =3. 379, 95% CI = 1.096 ±10.419) . Scores of somzatization, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, aggressive and paranoid ideation symptoms were significantly higher in secondary infertile patients with PCOS than those in primary infertile ones (P<0. 05). Patients with PCOS had obviously psychological problems, especially in secondary infertile patients with PCOS ( P < 0. 05 ). Thus, it is suggested that psychological health status be evaluated in clinical diagnosis for infertile women so that they can be predicted and treated to improve its effectiveness.

Objective To investigate factors that correlated to compliance of treatment in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to provide basis for clinical treatment, specialist consultation and health education. Methods Compliance was assessed by a questionnaire designed by reference to Morisky-Green test and therapeutic principles for PCOS. Interviews were performed in 128 infertile patients with PCOS in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei in China during March 2009 to September 2010. Data were analyzed with logistic regression. Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that a total of 41 (34.2% ) of 120 participants investigated showed good compliance. Factors that might significantly (P ＜ 0.05 ) correlate compliance of treatment included body mass index (BMI) of the patients ( OR = 2.426, 95% CI = 1.428 - 4.121 ), length of their marriage ( OR = 0.398, 95% CI =0.225 - 0.704) and their concerns for adverse drug reactions ( OR= 0.216, 95% CI = 0.067 - 0.694).Conclusions Patients with obesity, shorter length of marriage and concerns for adverse drug reactions show lower compliance. Publicity and intervention to those patients should be strengthened in clinics to improve their treatment compliance in patients with PCOS.