ObjectiveTo characterize the changes in the overall chemical profile and key index components during nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying processing of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， and to reveal the change law of its material basis. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to analyze the changes in the overall chemical profile of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma decoction pieces， and the contents of 15 main active components such as chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucoside， chrysophanol and gallic acid in the process of nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying were determined. Combined with chemometrics， the contents and quantity ratio relationships of the glycosides， aglycones and tannins during the processing of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were analyzed， and the partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） and cluster analysis of the main components in different steaming times were conducted， the statistically significant differential markers were selected with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. ResultsIn the nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying process of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， there were certain regularity in the number and peak area of characteristic peaks and the steaming and sun-drying times， the anthraquinone glycosides and aglycones could be roughly divided into three stages， including rapid change stage， fluctuation change stage and stable stage， and the total amount of tannins showed a decreasing trend. However， the ratios between the three components mentioned above tended to stabilize after five rounds of steaming and sun-drying. The results of PLS-DA and cluster heatmap showed that the content of each component in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma fluctuated greatly during the 1-4 steaming and sun-drying processes， while the content of each component was relatively close during the 5-9 steaming and sun-drying processes. After screening， it was found that chrysophanol， emodin， chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucoside， rhein， physcion and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside could be used as the index components for distinguishing the processed products of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma with different steaming and sun-drying times. ConclusionThe changes in the properties and efficacy of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma caused by the processing of nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying are due to the changes in the composition and ratio of various glycosides and complex tannins in this herb， which is also the key to the formation of its characteristic of "purgation with supplement". This study can provide a basis for the research on the processing mechanism of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and the establishment of processing specifications.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum levels of decorin,soluble Axl(sAxl),cy-tokine-like protein 1(CYTL1)and Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)grading in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods From August 2021 to May 2023,328 patients with knee osteoarthritis admitted to the hospital were selected as the research group,and 328 healthy controls during the same period were selected as the control group.Serum Decorin,sAxl and CYTL1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Questionnaire(WOMAC)was used to assess patients'clini-cal symptoms.Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between serum Decorin,sAxl,CYTL1 and K-L grading,as well as WOMAC score.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of knee osteoarthritis.ROC curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of serum Decorin,sAxl and CYTL1 in grade Ⅰ to Ⅱ and Ⅲ to Ⅳ of knee osteoarthritis.Results Serum Decorin and sAxl levels in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),and CYTL1 levels were signifi-cantly lower than those in the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The levels of serum Decorin,sAxl and WOMAC scores in K-L grades Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were increased successively(P＜0.05),while the levels of CYTL1 were decreased successively(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum Decorin and sAxl were positively correlated with K-L grading and WOMAC score(P＜0.05),and CYTL1 was negatively correlated with K-L grading and WOMAC score(P＜0.05).High level of Decorin,sAxl and low level of CYTL1 were risk factors for knee osteoarthritis(P＜O.05).The levels of serum Decor-in,sAxl and CYTL1 had certain diagnostic value for grade Ⅰ to Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ of knee osteoarthritis.Conclusion Serum Decorin,sAxl and CYTL1 levels are closely related to K-L grade of knee osteoarthritis,and can be used for auxiliary diagnosis of grade Ⅰ to Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ of knee osteoarthritis.

Objective     To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of thymoma patients and the influencing factors for prognosis. Methods     Thymoma patients who received treatment in Sichuan Cancer Hospital from March 2015 to March 2021 were collected. Clinical data of the patients were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results     A total of 177 patients were included. There were 89 males and 88 females aged 17-88 (52.3±13.0) years, including 160 surgical patients and 17 non-surgical patients. There were 160 patients survived, 17 died of thymoma, and 5 had recurrence and metastasis. Overall, the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 94.4%, 88.7%, 88.1%, respectively; the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 94.9%, 91.5%, 91.0%, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that World Health Organization classification, clinical symptoms, Masaoka-Koga staging, treatment methods and surgery were statistically associated with progression-free survival; clinical symptoms, age, treatment methods and surgery were statistically associated with overall survival (P<0.05). Patients with younger age (P=0.018), without clinical symptoms (P=0.039), and with surgical treatment (P=0.004) had higher overall survival rates; those patients undergoing surgery had a higher progression-free survival rate (P=0.002). Conclusion     Age, clinical symptoms and surgical treatment are independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with thymoma.

Based on near infrared spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography, this paper established the regression relationship between near infrared spectroscopy and index component content of Huoxiang Zhengqi oral liquid, so as to realize the rapid detection of index component content based on near infrared spectroscopy. Magnolol, honokiol and hesperidin were used as the quality indexes of Huoxiang Zhengqi oral liquid. After using the first derivative and normalization pretreatment method, characteristic variables were screened by CARS, and the correction model was finally established by partial least-squares regression (PLSR) method. The method accuracy was evaluated with the external validation, and the prediction results were tested for significance. The results indicated that when the near infrared spectrum was scanned through the bottle, the model's correlation coefficients of prediction (R_p) were higher than 0.99, the root mean square errors of the prediction models (RMSEP) were all less than 0.008 4, and the relative standard errors of prediction set (RSEP) were all less than 2.83%. There was no significant difference in the predicted results between these two kinds of model. The models established in the non-destructive way have good performance and high prediction accuracy. The rapid and nondestructive way has application value in the quality control of Huoxiang Zhengqi oral liquid.

To scientifically evaluate the intervention effect of Chinese medicine preventive administration(combined use of Huo-xiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid and Jinhao Jiere Granules) on community population in the case of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), a large cohort, prospective, randomized, and parallel-controlled clinical study was conducted. Total 22 065 subjects were included and randomly divided into 2 groups. The non-intervention group was given health guidance only, while the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) intervention group was given two coordinated TCM in addition to health guidance. The medical instructions were as follows. Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid: oral before meals, 10 mL/time, 2 times/day, a course of 5 days. Jinhao Jiere Granules: dissolve in boiling water and take after meals, 8 g/time, 2 times/day, a course of 5 days, followed up for 14 days, respectively. The study found that with the intake of medication, the incidence rate of TCM intervention group was basically maintained at a low and continuous stable level(0.01%-0.02%), while the non-intervention group showed an overall trend of continuous growth(0.02%-0.18%) from 3 to 14 days. No suspected or confirmed COVID-19 case occurred in either group. There were 2 cases of colds in the TCM intervention group and 26 cases in the non-intervention group. The incidence of colds in the TCM intervention group was significantly lower(P<0.05) than that in the non-intervention group. In the population of 16-60 years old, the incidence rate of non-intervention and intervention groups were 0.01% and 0.25%, respectively. The difference of colds incidence between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). In the population older than 60 years old, they were 0.04% and 0.21%, respectively. The incidence of colds in the non-intervention group was higher than that in the intervention group, but not reaching statistical difference. The protection rate of TCM for the whole population was 91.8%, especially for the population of age 16-60(95.0%). It was suggested that TCM intervention(combined use of Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid and Jinhao Jiere Granules) could effectively protect community residents against respiratory diseases, such as colds, which was worthy of promotion in the community. In addition, in terms of safety, the incidence of adverse events and adverse reactions in the TCM intervention group was relatively low, which was basically consistent with the drug instructions.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult

To provide the ancient literary evidence support for the clinical application and development of classical prescription based on systematical collection and analysis of the ancient Chinese medical literature containing Jinshui Liujun Jian, including its origin and development. Bibliometric analysis was used and information of Jinshui Liujun Jian in ancient Chinese medical literature was then collected for statistical analysis of formula compositions, main indications, dosage, preparation methods, etc. A total of 151 valid items of data were obtained from 48 ancient Chinese medicine books. Jinshui Liujun Jian was first recorded in Jingyue Quanshu written by ZHANG Jiebin. This prescription consisted of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Pinelliae Rhizome, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Poria and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome Praeparata cum Melle, and it was mainly used to treat the deficiency of lung and kidney, edema and excess production of phlegm, or Yin deficiency in the old, insufficient blood-qi, wind-cold evil, cough and disgusting, asthma and excessive phlegm. Doctors in later dynasties mostly followed the prescription compositions, dosages and indications in Jingyue Quanshu, and extended the clinical application of this prescription.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prescriptions ; Rhizome

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of nine components in Huoxiang zhengqi oral liquid， and to improve and perfect the quality standard of Huoxiang zhengqi oral liquid. METHODS： The contents of nine components in 10 batches of Huoxiang zhengqi oral liquid were determined by HPLC， such as licorice coumarin， isorlicin， liquiritinapioside， narirutin， liquiritin， saponins， hesperidin， magnolol and honokiol. The determination was performed on Kromasil Eternity XT-5-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 220 nm， and column temperature was 25 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS： The linear range of licorice coumarin， isorlicin， liquiritinapioside， narirutin， liquiritin， saponins， hesperidin， magnolol and honokiolin were 0.000 5-0.007 5， 0.000 8-0.025 0， 0.006 1-0.976 0， 0.001 6-0.250 0， 0.007 8-0.025 0， 0.000 4- 0.062 7， 0.008 6-0.276 0， 0.010 0-0.500 0， 0.010 0-0.500 0 mg/mL （r＝0.999 2-1.000 0）. The detection limits were 0.001 3， 0.000 1， 0.004 7， 0.005 0， 0.012 0， 0.001 3， 0.007 8， 0.007 7 0， 0.005 8 μg/mL， and the quantitative limits were 0.013 0， 0.000 8， 0.047 0， 0.050 0， 0.120 0， 0.013 0， 0.078 0， 0.070 0， 0.058 0 μg/mL， respectively； RSD of precision， stability and repeatability tests were less than 3.0％ （n＝6）. Average recovery rates were 98.67％， 101.85％， 98.97％， 103.05％， 100.00％， 97.78％， 97.91％， 100.13％， 101.95％； RSDs were 1.14％， 2.18％， 0.40％， 0.17％， 1.38％， 0.85％， 1.38％， 0.10％， 1.35％ （n＝6）. CONCLUSIONS： The established method is accurate and reliable， which can provide reference for the establishment of the overall quality control evaluation system and the improvement of quality standard for Huoxiang zhengqi oral liquid.

To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of four alkaloids(arecoline， guvacoline， arecaidine， and guvacine) in Arecae Pericarpium (AP) and Arecae Semen (AS), and compare the contents of these four alkaloids between different medicinal parts. The chromatographic conditions were as follows:Welch SCX（4.6 mm×250 mm， 5 μm）column, with acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution (adjusted to pH 3.85-3.90 with ammonium hydroxide) at 50:50 as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min⁻¹. The column temperature was set at 35 °C, and the detection wavelength was 215 nm. The results of content determination in 7 batches of AS and 10 batches of AP showed that, the contents of 4 alkaloids in AS (arecaidine 0.020%-0.045%, guvacine 0.031%-0.086%, arecoline 0.194%-0.346%, and guvacoline 0.065%-0.094%) were generally higher than those in AP (arecaidine 0.10%-0.032%, guvacine 0.006%-0.029% arecoline 0.00%-0.070%, and guvacoline 0.00%-0.020%), and most of the APs had no arecoline and arecaidine at all in fruit peel. The above results indicated that different alkaloids can be used to distinguish the different medicinal parts of Arera catechu. Arecoline， guvacoline， arecaidine， and guvacine can be used as the quality control markers of AS, while for AP, only arecaidine and guvacine were needed.

Drug Carriers ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Poloxamer ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods