Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， through its multi-target and systematic regulatory effects， has demonstrated unique advantages in the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions （GPL）. At present， TCM theoretical research on GPL is mainly reflected in three aspects， the integration of macroscopic syndrome differentiation， the inflammation-carcinoma transformation mechanism， as well as the systematization and scientization of theoretical inheritance from famous TCM practitioners. High-quality evidence-based research findings serve as the foundation for clinical practice guidelines on GPL， and TCM has gained international academic recognition in the field of GPL prevention and treatment. Research on TCM mechanisms has yielded a series of important outcomes in the aspects of signaling pathways， gene expression regulation， cellular epigenetics， histone modification， and intestinal microecology. It is proposed that future research on GPL should focus on four key directions， establishing multi-omics data， exploring targeted intervention strategies on key regulatory nodes， advancing the standardization process of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine prevention and treatment technologies， and constructing stratified screening and intervention platforms. The in-depth integration of TCM microcosmic mechanism of action with its macroscopic syndrome differentiation and treatment system， coupled with interdisciplinary research， will provide valuable references for the clinical treatment and scientific research of GPL.

Myocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) with high morbidity and mortality, which can trigger a cascade of cardiac pathophysiological changes, including fibrosis, inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and ventricular remodeling, ultimately leading to heart failure (HF). While conventional pharmacological treatments and clinical reperfusion therapy may enhance short-term prognoses and emergency survival rates, both approaches have limitations and adverse effects. Natural products (NPs) are extensively utilized as therapeutics globally, with some demonstrating potentially favorable therapeutic effects in preclinical and clinical pharmacological studies, positioning them as potential alternatives to modern drugs. This review comprehensively elucidates the pathophysiological mechanisms during myocardial infarction and summarizes the mechanisms by which NPs exert cardiac beneficial effects. These include classical mechanisms such as inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, alleviation of cardiomyocyte death, attenuation of cardiac fibrosis, improvement of angiogenesis, and emerging mechanisms such as cardiac metabolic regulation and histone modification. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the modulation by NPs of novel targets or signaling pathways in classical mechanisms, including other forms of regulated cell death (RCD), endothelial-mesenchymal transition, non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) cascade, and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) function. Additionally, NPs influencing a particular mechanism are categorized based on their chemical structure, and their relevance is discussed. Finally, the current limitations and prospects of NPs therapy are considered, highlighting their potential for use in myocardial infarction management and identifying issues that require urgent attention.
Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/genetics* ; Biological Products/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects*

Background: The association of changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cognitive function remains unclear. We explored this association using prospective and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Methods: MetS components including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides were measured at baseline and two follow-ups, constructing a MetS index. Immediate, delayed memory recall, and cognitive function along with its dimensions were assessed by immediate 10- word recall test (IWRT) and delayed 10-word recall test (DWRT), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), respectively, at baseline and follow-ups. Linear mixed-effect model was used. Additionally, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS was conducted and one-sample MR was performed to assess the causality between MetS and cognitive function. Results: Elevated MetS index was associated with decreasing annual change rates (decrease) in DWRT and MMSE scores, and with decreases in attention, calculation and recall dimensions. HDL-C was positively associated with an increase in DWRT scores, while SBP and FPG were negatively associated. HDL-C showed a positive association, whereas WC was negatively associated with increases in MMSE scores, including attention, calculation and recall dimensions. Interaction analysis indicated that the association of MetS index on cognitive decline was predominantly observed in low family income group. The GWAS of MetS identified some genetic variants. MR results showed a non-significant causality between MetS and decrease in DWRT, IWRT, nor MMSE scores. Conclusion Our study indicated a significant association of MetS and its components with declines in memory and cognitive function, especially in delayed memory recall.

Background: The association of changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cognitive function remains unclear. We explored this association using prospective and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Methods: MetS components including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides were measured at baseline and two follow-ups, constructing a MetS index. Immediate, delayed memory recall, and cognitive function along with its dimensions were assessed by immediate 10- word recall test (IWRT) and delayed 10-word recall test (DWRT), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), respectively, at baseline and follow-ups. Linear mixed-effect model was used. Additionally, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS was conducted and one-sample MR was performed to assess the causality between MetS and cognitive function. Results: Elevated MetS index was associated with decreasing annual change rates (decrease) in DWRT and MMSE scores, and with decreases in attention, calculation and recall dimensions. HDL-C was positively associated with an increase in DWRT scores, while SBP and FPG were negatively associated. HDL-C showed a positive association, whereas WC was negatively associated with increases in MMSE scores, including attention, calculation and recall dimensions. Interaction analysis indicated that the association of MetS index on cognitive decline was predominantly observed in low family income group. The GWAS of MetS identified some genetic variants. MR results showed a non-significant causality between MetS and decrease in DWRT, IWRT, nor MMSE scores. Conclusion Our study indicated a significant association of MetS and its components with declines in memory and cognitive function, especially in delayed memory recall.

In recent years,emerging evidence has revealed the non-classical biological functions of platelets.Research on the regulation of platelet bioenergetic metabolism and its functional implications is of great significance for understanding the mecha-nisms of related diseases and developing novel therapeutic strate-gies.Current research is focusing on platelet-derived mitochon-dria because of their distinct biological characteristics.Notably,the ability of platelets to transfer mitochondria to recipient cells can reprogram the metabolism and function of these cells,poten-tially playing a pivotal role in diverse pathophysiological proces-ses.This review comprehensively summarizes the emerging roles of platelet-derived mitochondria transfer in various diseases in-cluding diabetes mellitus,cardiovascular disorders,neurodegen-erative diseases,and cancer.It further explores the application prospects in these diseases,providing a scientific basis for the development of precise therapeutic strategies.

Background: The association of changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cognitive function remains unclear. We explored this association using prospective and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Methods: MetS components including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides were measured at baseline and two follow-ups, constructing a MetS index. Immediate, delayed memory recall, and cognitive function along with its dimensions were assessed by immediate 10- word recall test (IWRT) and delayed 10-word recall test (DWRT), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), respectively, at baseline and follow-ups. Linear mixed-effect model was used. Additionally, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS was conducted and one-sample MR was performed to assess the causality between MetS and cognitive function. Results: Elevated MetS index was associated with decreasing annual change rates (decrease) in DWRT and MMSE scores, and with decreases in attention, calculation and recall dimensions. HDL-C was positively associated with an increase in DWRT scores, while SBP and FPG were negatively associated. HDL-C showed a positive association, whereas WC was negatively associated with increases in MMSE scores, including attention, calculation and recall dimensions. Interaction analysis indicated that the association of MetS index on cognitive decline was predominantly observed in low family income group. The GWAS of MetS identified some genetic variants. MR results showed a non-significant causality between MetS and decrease in DWRT, IWRT, nor MMSE scores. Conclusion Our study indicated a significant association of MetS and its components with declines in memory and cognitive function, especially in delayed memory recall.

Background: The association of changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cognitive function remains unclear. We explored this association using prospective and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Methods: MetS components including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides were measured at baseline and two follow-ups, constructing a MetS index. Immediate, delayed memory recall, and cognitive function along with its dimensions were assessed by immediate 10- word recall test (IWRT) and delayed 10-word recall test (DWRT), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), respectively, at baseline and follow-ups. Linear mixed-effect model was used. Additionally, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS was conducted and one-sample MR was performed to assess the causality between MetS and cognitive function. Results: Elevated MetS index was associated with decreasing annual change rates (decrease) in DWRT and MMSE scores, and with decreases in attention, calculation and recall dimensions. HDL-C was positively associated with an increase in DWRT scores, while SBP and FPG were negatively associated. HDL-C showed a positive association, whereas WC was negatively associated with increases in MMSE scores, including attention, calculation and recall dimensions. Interaction analysis indicated that the association of MetS index on cognitive decline was predominantly observed in low family income group. The GWAS of MetS identified some genetic variants. MR results showed a non-significant causality between MetS and decrease in DWRT, IWRT, nor MMSE scores. Conclusion Our study indicated a significant association of MetS and its components with declines in memory and cognitive function, especially in delayed memory recall.

Single-cell metabolite analysis at the small molecule level reveals intercellular heterogeneity and molecular diversity,especially living cell metabolite analysis which can provide more accurate biochemical information.In this study,a comprehensive single-cell metabolomics mass spectrometry analysis platform was constructed based on continuous ultrasonic sample introduction,aiming to improve the utilization rate of single cells and the efficiency of mass spectrometry detection.This platform utilized mechanical motion generated by a miniaturized ultrasound module,which minimally affected cell integrity and viability,enabling cell suspension and dispersion for up to 60 min,with cell viability exceeding 70%.By comparing cell suspension densities and the cell number of mass spectrometry detections between static and ultrasound groups,the results showed that the ultrasound treatment significantly reduced cell sedimentation rate and increased single-cell mass spectrometry detection efficiency.Applying this platform to single-cell analysis of cell line of mouse cerebellar astrocytes(C8D1A)and mouse glioma(GL261)cells achieved clustering and differential analysis of different cell types,demonstrating the method's potential in analyzing cellular heterogeneity and identifying cells.This approach promised to provide new insights and solutions for single-cell analysis.

In recent years,emerging evidence has revealed the non-classical biological functions of platelets.Research on the regulation of platelet bioenergetic metabolism and its functional implications is of great significance for understanding the mecha-nisms of related diseases and developing novel therapeutic strate-gies.Current research is focusing on platelet-derived mitochon-dria because of their distinct biological characteristics.Notably,the ability of platelets to transfer mitochondria to recipient cells can reprogram the metabolism and function of these cells,poten-tially playing a pivotal role in diverse pathophysiological proces-ses.This review comprehensively summarizes the emerging roles of platelet-derived mitochondria transfer in various diseases in-cluding diabetes mellitus,cardiovascular disorders,neurodegen-erative diseases,and cancer.It further explores the application prospects in these diseases,providing a scientific basis for the development of precise therapeutic strategies.

Objective To summarize the epidemiological and clinical features of infectious diseases of the central nervous system(CNS)by a single-center analysis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 1247 cases of CNS infectious diseases diagnosed and treated in the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from 2001 to 2020.Results The data for this group of CNS infectious diseases by disease type in descending order of number of cases were viruses 743(59.6％),Mycobacterium tuberculosis 249(20.0％),other bacteria 150(12.0％),fungi 68(5.5％),parasites 18(1.4％),Treponema pallidum 18(1.4％)and rickettsia 1(0.1％).The number of cases increased by 177 cases(33.1％)in the latter 10 years compared to the previous 10 years(P<0.05).No significant difference in seasonal distribution pattern of data between disease types(P>0.05).Male to female ratio is 1.87︰1,mostly under 60 years of age.Viruses are more likely to infect students,most often at university/college level and above,farmers are overrepresented among bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis,and more infections of Treponema pallidum in workers.CNS infectious diseases are characterized by fever,headache and signs of meningeal irritation,with the adductor nerve being the more commonly involved cranial nerve.Matagenomic next-generation sequencing improves clinical diagnostic capabilities.The median hospital days for CNS infectious diseases are 18.00(11.00,27.00)and median hospital costs are ￥29,500(￥16,000,￥59,200).The mortality rate from CNS infectious diseases is 1.6％.Conclusions The incidence of CNS infectious diseases is increasing last ten years,with complex clinical presentation,severe symptoms and poor prognosis.Early and accurate diagnosis and standardized clinical treatment can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality rate and ease the burden of disease.