Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training and resistance training on shoulder proprioception and neuromuscular control in overhead sports club members. Methods: Twenty overhead sports club members participated in this program (male=14, female=6) who regularly participated in overhead sports activities were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (n=10) and a resistance training group (n=10). The training program consists of 12 types of plyometric exercises and seven types of resistance exercises and it was conducted with the general overhead sports club activities for 6 weeks. Shoulder proprioception through joint position sense (JPS), threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and neuromuscular control through closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), functional throwing performance index (FTPI) were measured before and after training. Results: JPS external rotation (ER), CKCUEST normalization and CKCUEST power, UQYBT, FTPI were significantly improved in both groups after the 6-week training program. Also, TTDPM internal rotation, TTDPM ER, SMBT were significantly improved only in the plyometric training group. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that both plyometric training and resistance training were shown to be effective in improving proprioception and neuromuscular control, but only plyometric training showed significant improvements in TTDPM and SMBT. Therefore, both trainings were effective in improving JPS ER, CKCUEST, UQYBT and FTPI, but only plyometric training was effective in improving TTDPM and SMBT.

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication in orthopedic surgery and has the potential to lead to fatal complications such as pulmonary thromboembolism. However, the precise incidence and risk factors for DVT in the foot and ankle fields remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of DVT and identify its risk factors after foot and ankle surgery. Methods: Between September 2020 and July 2023, screening duplex ultrasonography was performed on 278 patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery and required immobilization. The findings from screening duplex ultrasonography were assessed in conjunction with the symptoms present at the time of diagnosis. Heterogeneous demographic data that could serve as potential risk factors for DVT, including diagnosis, body mass index, and other medical histories, were examined alongside pertinent surgeryrelated data, such as tourniquet time. Results: Among the 278 individuals, DVT occurred in 41 patients (14.7%). Among these, 92.7% originated at the calf level and the majority were asymptomatic. The cases originating above the calf accounted for 3 cases, representing 7.3% of patients diagnosed with DVT (1.1% of the entire screened population). Acute trauma, history of previous DVT, and old age were identified as statistically significant risk factors for DVT occurrence, with odds ratios of 2.44 (p = 0.04), 6.40 (p = 0.02), and 1.16 (p = 0.03), respectively. Conclusions After foot and ankle surgery, DVT occurred in 14.7% of cases. Acute trauma, history of DVT, and old age were identified as risk factors for DVT. These findings highlight the necessity of careful monitoring and appropriate prophylactic interventions for high-risk patients. Further investigation is required to determine effective prophylactic strategies for this patient population.

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication in orthopedic surgery and has the potential to lead to fatal complications such as pulmonary thromboembolism. However, the precise incidence and risk factors for DVT in the foot and ankle fields remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of DVT and identify its risk factors after foot and ankle surgery. Methods: Between September 2020 and July 2023, screening duplex ultrasonography was performed on 278 patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery and required immobilization. The findings from screening duplex ultrasonography were assessed in conjunction with the symptoms present at the time of diagnosis. Heterogeneous demographic data that could serve as potential risk factors for DVT, including diagnosis, body mass index, and other medical histories, were examined alongside pertinent surgeryrelated data, such as tourniquet time. Results: Among the 278 individuals, DVT occurred in 41 patients (14.7%). Among these, 92.7% originated at the calf level and the majority were asymptomatic. The cases originating above the calf accounted for 3 cases, representing 7.3% of patients diagnosed with DVT (1.1% of the entire screened population). Acute trauma, history of previous DVT, and old age were identified as statistically significant risk factors for DVT occurrence, with odds ratios of 2.44 (p = 0.04), 6.40 (p = 0.02), and 1.16 (p = 0.03), respectively. Conclusions After foot and ankle surgery, DVT occurred in 14.7% of cases. Acute trauma, history of DVT, and old age were identified as risk factors for DVT. These findings highlight the necessity of careful monitoring and appropriate prophylactic interventions for high-risk patients. Further investigation is required to determine effective prophylactic strategies for this patient population.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training and resistance training on shoulder proprioception and neuromuscular control in overhead sports club members. Methods: Twenty overhead sports club members participated in this program (male=14, female=6) who regularly participated in overhead sports activities were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (n=10) and a resistance training group (n=10). The training program consists of 12 types of plyometric exercises and seven types of resistance exercises and it was conducted with the general overhead sports club activities for 6 weeks. Shoulder proprioception through joint position sense (JPS), threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and neuromuscular control through closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), functional throwing performance index (FTPI) were measured before and after training. Results: JPS external rotation (ER), CKCUEST normalization and CKCUEST power, UQYBT, FTPI were significantly improved in both groups after the 6-week training program. Also, TTDPM internal rotation, TTDPM ER, SMBT were significantly improved only in the plyometric training group. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that both plyometric training and resistance training were shown to be effective in improving proprioception and neuromuscular control, but only plyometric training showed significant improvements in TTDPM and SMBT. Therefore, both trainings were effective in improving JPS ER, CKCUEST, UQYBT and FTPI, but only plyometric training was effective in improving TTDPM and SMBT.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training and resistance training on shoulder proprioception and neuromuscular control in overhead sports club members. Methods: Twenty overhead sports club members participated in this program (male=14, female=6) who regularly participated in overhead sports activities were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (n=10) and a resistance training group (n=10). The training program consists of 12 types of plyometric exercises and seven types of resistance exercises and it was conducted with the general overhead sports club activities for 6 weeks. Shoulder proprioception through joint position sense (JPS), threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and neuromuscular control through closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), functional throwing performance index (FTPI) were measured before and after training. Results: JPS external rotation (ER), CKCUEST normalization and CKCUEST power, UQYBT, FTPI were significantly improved in both groups after the 6-week training program. Also, TTDPM internal rotation, TTDPM ER, SMBT were significantly improved only in the plyometric training group. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that both plyometric training and resistance training were shown to be effective in improving proprioception and neuromuscular control, but only plyometric training showed significant improvements in TTDPM and SMBT. Therefore, both trainings were effective in improving JPS ER, CKCUEST, UQYBT and FTPI, but only plyometric training was effective in improving TTDPM and SMBT.

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication in orthopedic surgery and has the potential to lead to fatal complications such as pulmonary thromboembolism. However, the precise incidence and risk factors for DVT in the foot and ankle fields remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of DVT and identify its risk factors after foot and ankle surgery. Methods: Between September 2020 and July 2023, screening duplex ultrasonography was performed on 278 patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery and required immobilization. The findings from screening duplex ultrasonography were assessed in conjunction with the symptoms present at the time of diagnosis. Heterogeneous demographic data that could serve as potential risk factors for DVT, including diagnosis, body mass index, and other medical histories, were examined alongside pertinent surgeryrelated data, such as tourniquet time. Results: Among the 278 individuals, DVT occurred in 41 patients (14.7%). Among these, 92.7% originated at the calf level and the majority were asymptomatic. The cases originating above the calf accounted for 3 cases, representing 7.3% of patients diagnosed with DVT (1.1% of the entire screened population). Acute trauma, history of previous DVT, and old age were identified as statistically significant risk factors for DVT occurrence, with odds ratios of 2.44 (p = 0.04), 6.40 (p = 0.02), and 1.16 (p = 0.03), respectively. Conclusions After foot and ankle surgery, DVT occurred in 14.7% of cases. Acute trauma, history of DVT, and old age were identified as risk factors for DVT. These findings highlight the necessity of careful monitoring and appropriate prophylactic interventions for high-risk patients. Further investigation is required to determine effective prophylactic strategies for this patient population.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training and resistance training on shoulder proprioception and neuromuscular control in overhead sports club members. Methods: Twenty overhead sports club members participated in this program (male=14, female=6) who regularly participated in overhead sports activities were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (n=10) and a resistance training group (n=10). The training program consists of 12 types of plyometric exercises and seven types of resistance exercises and it was conducted with the general overhead sports club activities for 6 weeks. Shoulder proprioception through joint position sense (JPS), threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and neuromuscular control through closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), functional throwing performance index (FTPI) were measured before and after training. Results: JPS external rotation (ER), CKCUEST normalization and CKCUEST power, UQYBT, FTPI were significantly improved in both groups after the 6-week training program. Also, TTDPM internal rotation, TTDPM ER, SMBT were significantly improved only in the plyometric training group. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that both plyometric training and resistance training were shown to be effective in improving proprioception and neuromuscular control, but only plyometric training showed significant improvements in TTDPM and SMBT. Therefore, both trainings were effective in improving JPS ER, CKCUEST, UQYBT and FTPI, but only plyometric training was effective in improving TTDPM and SMBT.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training and resistance training on shoulder proprioception and neuromuscular control in overhead sports club members. Methods: Twenty overhead sports club members participated in this program (male=14, female=6) who regularly participated in overhead sports activities were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (n=10) and a resistance training group (n=10). The training program consists of 12 types of plyometric exercises and seven types of resistance exercises and it was conducted with the general overhead sports club activities for 6 weeks. Shoulder proprioception through joint position sense (JPS), threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and neuromuscular control through closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), functional throwing performance index (FTPI) were measured before and after training. Results: JPS external rotation (ER), CKCUEST normalization and CKCUEST power, UQYBT, FTPI were significantly improved in both groups after the 6-week training program. Also, TTDPM internal rotation, TTDPM ER, SMBT were significantly improved only in the plyometric training group. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that both plyometric training and resistance training were shown to be effective in improving proprioception and neuromuscular control, but only plyometric training showed significant improvements in TTDPM and SMBT. Therefore, both trainings were effective in improving JPS ER, CKCUEST, UQYBT and FTPI, but only plyometric training was effective in improving TTDPM and SMBT.

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication in orthopedic surgery and has the potential to lead to fatal complications such as pulmonary thromboembolism. However, the precise incidence and risk factors for DVT in the foot and ankle fields remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of DVT and identify its risk factors after foot and ankle surgery. Methods: Between September 2020 and July 2023, screening duplex ultrasonography was performed on 278 patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery and required immobilization. The findings from screening duplex ultrasonography were assessed in conjunction with the symptoms present at the time of diagnosis. Heterogeneous demographic data that could serve as potential risk factors for DVT, including diagnosis, body mass index, and other medical histories, were examined alongside pertinent surgeryrelated data, such as tourniquet time. Results: Among the 278 individuals, DVT occurred in 41 patients (14.7%). Among these, 92.7% originated at the calf level and the majority were asymptomatic. The cases originating above the calf accounted for 3 cases, representing 7.3% of patients diagnosed with DVT (1.1% of the entire screened population). Acute trauma, history of previous DVT, and old age were identified as statistically significant risk factors for DVT occurrence, with odds ratios of 2.44 (p = 0.04), 6.40 (p = 0.02), and 1.16 (p = 0.03), respectively. Conclusions After foot and ankle surgery, DVT occurred in 14.7% of cases. Acute trauma, history of DVT, and old age were identified as risk factors for DVT. These findings highlight the necessity of careful monitoring and appropriate prophylactic interventions for high-risk patients. Further investigation is required to determine effective prophylactic strategies for this patient population.

Walking can have a positive impact on cognitive function in adolescents.This study aimed to compare the effects of walking with sneakers and barefoot on cognitive ability in adolescents. Fifty-nine adolescent male students were included in the study and assigned to the control (n = 20), sneaker (n = 19), and barefoot (n = 20) groups. The barefoot and sneakers group performed a 40-min walking exercise four times a week for 12 weeks during the morning physical activity time, while the control group performed self-study. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain activity variables were measured before and after the exercise program. The results showed that after 12 weeks, the barefoot group had a significant decrease in Gamma and H-beta waves and a significant increase in sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) and Alpha waves. Conversely, the control group showed a significant decrease in SMR waves and increase in Theta waves. The sneaker group showed a significant decrease in SMR waves alone. In an eyes-open resting state, the barefoot group showed a significant increase in H-beta, M-beta, SMR, and Alpha waves. The barefoot group also had a significant increase in cognitive speed and concentration and a significant decrease in brain stress. Taken together, barefoot walking can effectively enhance cognitive ability in adolescents, as demonstrated by the significant variation in EEG activity.This research highlights the potential benefits of barefoot walking as a simple and effective form of exercise for enhancing cognitive function in adolescents.