Objective To investigate the expression of polybromo 1(PBRM1)in prostate canc-er tissues and its correlation with CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration.Methods A total of 124 prostate-cancer patients were enrolled as observation group,and 80 patients with benign prostate tumors during the same period were selected as control group.Immunohistochemical staining(IHC),real-time fluo-rescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and western blot were used to detect the expression of PBRM1 in the tumor tissues of both groups and the adjacent normal tissues of the obser-vation group(more than 1 cm from the tumor edge).Flow cytometry was employed to detect the infil-tration of CD8+and CD4+T lymphocytes in the tissues.Results The positive expression rate of PBRM1 in the tumor tissues of the observation group was 59.68％,which was significantly lower than 85.00％in the control group and 81.45％in the adjacent normal tissues of the observation group(P＜0.001).The relative expression levels of PBRM1 mRNA and PBRM1 protein,as well as the percentage of CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor tissues of the observation group were all lower than those in the tumor tissues of the control group and the adjacent normal tissues of the obser-vation group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the rel-ative expression level of PBRM1 protein and the percentage of CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor tissues(r=0.856,P＜0.001).In the observation group,patients with tumors having a maxi-mum diameter ≥3 cm,poor differentiation,clinical stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ,Gleason score ≥8,and prostate-specific antigen(PSA)≥20 ng/mL had significantly lower relative expression levels of PBRM1 protein compared to those with tumors having a maximum diameter＜3 cm,moderate to well differentiation,clinical stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ,Gleason score＜8,and PSA＜20 ng/mL,and the differences were statistically sig-nificant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Downregulation of PBRM1 expression in prostate cancer tissues may be associated with an increase in tumor malignancy and a decrease in CD8+T lymphocyte infil-tration,thereby enhancing the tumor's immune escape ability.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of super mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) by ultrasound-guided renal access in pediatric with renal calculus.Methods From May to August 2015, 20 pediatric patients with upper tract stones underwent the SMP by ultrasound guidance.The patients aged 11-144 months , median age 31.5 months, The stone size ranged 0.8-2.5 cm, mean(1.48 ±0.59) cm.Among the 20 children, single pelvis stones were in 8, multiple stones in 10 and upper ureter stones in 2.All patients had no previous surgery treatment.The SMP system consists of a F6.0 -7.5 nephroscope and a modified F12-14 access sheath with suction-evacuation function.Nephrostomy tract dilation was performed up to F12-14 and lithotripsy procedure was performed by using pneumatic lithotripter.Nephrostomy tube or double J stent was placed only if clinically indicated.Results The stone size was 0.8-2.5 cm ,mean (1.48 ± 0.59)cm.Among the 20 children, there were 8 patients with single pelvis stone, 10 with multiple stones and 2 with upper ureter stones.All the patients were completed successfully without surgery conversion.Mean operative time ranged 6-40 minutes ,mean(17.6 ± 11.6) minutes.The stone free rate was 100％ after the evaluation in the postoperative day.The hemoglobin drop was 2-16 g/L,mean (7.6-± 4.1) g/L.No major complications occurred, neither patient required transfusion.The tubeless PCNL without double J stents and nephrostomy tubes placed were achieved in all patients.Only 14 patients had a ureter catheter placement for one day.The average hospital stay ranged 1-4 days, mean (2.4 ± 0.8) days.Conclusions SMP could be a safe and effective treatment for kidney stone up to 2.0 cm in pediatric cases with advantages of short recovery time, high stone free rate and no catheter placement.SMP could be the ideal procedure for children with upper urinary tract calculus.