Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and vector emergency surveillance of dengue fever in Chongqing in 2023, by collecting relevant information. The aim is to provide scientific evidence for effective prevention and control measures in the future. Methods　The data on all dengue cases registered in Chongqing in 2023 were extracted from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of China Information System Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever. The Breteau Index (BI) and double-layer mosquito net trap methods were adopted for the emergency surveillance of vector Aedes to evaluate the effect of vector Aedes emergency control. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Results　A total of 119 cases of dengue fever were reported in Chongqing in 2023,including 92 imported cases and 27 local cases. The main sources of imported cases were Southeast Asia for foreign sources and Yunnan Province for domestic sources. Among the local outbreaks, Hechuan districts and Jiangbei districts had clustered outbreaks, with 15 cases (55.56%) and 5 cases (18.52%) respectively.Most cases occurred from August to October, with September being the peak period for imported and local cases. The majority of infected individuals were mainly inhousework and unemployed. The serotypes of dengue virus of local cases were mainly type Ⅰand type Ⅱ. After the local epidemic of dengue fever, 26 epidemic core areas were formed after integration. The average BI and net trap index of the first emergency surveillance in the core area were 16.51 and 4.72 mosquitoes per net per hour, respectively. The qualification rate of BI and net trap index in early emergency monitoring of Aedes mosquitoes were relatively low, at 7.69% and 30.77% respectively. By the 14th day, both qualification rates exceeded 95%. Conclusions　The prevention and control of dengue fever in Chongqing should focus on the domestic and international population flow. During the period from August to October, health quarantine efforts should be strengthened for individuals coming from or returning from Southeast Asian countries and Yunnan Province. Additionally, the monitoring and early warning of surveillance and early warning of vector Aedes, the control of breeding grounds, and adult mosquito eradication efforts should be further intensified to control the occurrence and spread of dengue fever effectively.