Objective:To investigate the plasma level of interleukin(IL)-37 and assess its regulatory effects on monocyte activity in type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) patients.Methods:This prospective study included 57 T1DM patients and 21 healthy controls who were continuously enrolled from December 2022 to January 2024 at Xinxiang Central Hospital. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated. IL-37 and soluble interleukin 1 receptor 8(IL-1R8) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Levels of IL-37 receptor subunits in monocytes were analyzed via flow cytometry. Purified monocytes were stimulated with recombinant IL-37 and co-cultured with a human pancreatic β-cell line to assess cytotoxicity, measured by target cell death and cytokine levels. Additionally, monocytes were co-cultured with autologous CD4 + T cells to evaluate antigen presentation by measuring interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and IL-17A secretion. Results:Plasma IL-37 level and IL-37 receptor subunit expression in monocytes were significantly lower in T1DM patients compared to controls(both P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in soluble IL-1R8 levels between the groups( P=0.457). Monocytes from T1DM patients exhibited increased cytotoxicity, as indicated by higher target cell death and elevated levels of granzyme A, granzyme B, granzyme H, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α( P<0.05). Additionally, monocyte-induced secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17A by CD4 + T cells was elevated in T1DM patients(all P<0.05). Stimulation of T1DM monocytes with recombinant IL-37 reduced target cell death and decreased granzyme B secretion compared to unstimulated monocytes(both P<0.05). However, IL-37 stimulation had no significant effect on other cytokine levels or monocyte-induced IFN-γ and IL-17A secretion( P>0.05). Conclusions:Monocytes exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity and antigen-presenting capacity in T1DM patients. IL-37 reduces monocyte cytotoxicity by inhibiting granzyme B secretion, but does not affect antigen presenting function in T1DM.

Objective:To investigate the plasma level of interleukin(IL)-37 and assess its regulatory effects on monocyte activity in type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) patients.Methods:This prospective study included 57 T1DM patients and 21 healthy controls who were continuously enrolled from December 2022 to January 2024 at Xinxiang Central Hospital. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated. IL-37 and soluble interleukin 1 receptor 8(IL-1R8) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Levels of IL-37 receptor subunits in monocytes were analyzed via flow cytometry. Purified monocytes were stimulated with recombinant IL-37 and co-cultured with a human pancreatic β-cell line to assess cytotoxicity, measured by target cell death and cytokine levels. Additionally, monocytes were co-cultured with autologous CD4 + T cells to evaluate antigen presentation by measuring interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and IL-17A secretion. Results:Plasma IL-37 level and IL-37 receptor subunit expression in monocytes were significantly lower in T1DM patients compared to controls(both P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in soluble IL-1R8 levels between the groups( P=0.457). Monocytes from T1DM patients exhibited increased cytotoxicity, as indicated by higher target cell death and elevated levels of granzyme A, granzyme B, granzyme H, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α( P<0.05). Additionally, monocyte-induced secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17A by CD4 + T cells was elevated in T1DM patients(all P<0.05). Stimulation of T1DM monocytes with recombinant IL-37 reduced target cell death and decreased granzyme B secretion compared to unstimulated monocytes(both P<0.05). However, IL-37 stimulation had no significant effect on other cytokine levels or monocyte-induced IFN-γ and IL-17A secretion( P>0.05). Conclusions:Monocytes exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity and antigen-presenting capacity in T1DM patients. IL-37 reduces monocyte cytotoxicity by inhibiting granzyme B secretion, but does not affect antigen presenting function in T1DM.

Chiropractic therapy is a therapeutic approach for regulating the spine and is widely employed in clinical practice for multiple disorders, including constipation. The theory of "bone strengthening and tendon softening" originated from Huang Di Nei Jing, holding that bones maintain normal anatomical forms and relative positional relationships, and tendons are supple and free from damage. Only when the structures and functions of both are normal can the human body sustain normal physiological activities. In accordance with this theory, clinical treatment mainly aims at adjusting the relationship between tendons and bones and restoring the balance between them to address diseases. Based on the theory of "bone strengthening and tendon softening" and taking the essence of "tendons" as the starting point, this article explored the pathogenic mechanism of outlet obstructive constipation and the clinical application of chiropractic therapy in the treatment of outlet obstructive constipation. Pathological changes of the musculotendinous meridians and abnormal spinal structures are significant pathogenic factors for outlet obstructive constipation. Therefore, in clinical practice, spinal techniques such as guided manipulation, massage, and reconstructive techniques can be used to soften muscles, correct bones, and regulate intestinal stagnation.

OBJECTIVE: To retrieve and collate the earliest recorded texts in ancient acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions for chest obstruction and heart pain, and explore the acupoint composition principles. METHODS: The Excel 2016 software was used to build a data set of ancient textual records on acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions for chest obstruction and heart pain. After the terminology related to etiology, pathogenesis, accompanying symptoms, acupoints, and treatment methods unified, the frequency statistical analysis and association rule algorithms were applied to analyze the implicit association patterns among various elements of syndrome differentiation, treatment selection, and acupoint selection in ancient prescriptions from multiple dimensions. RESULTS: The basic acupoints of high frequency in ancient acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for chest obstruction and heart pain were Daling (PC7), Neiguan (PC6), Taixi (KI3), Taichong (LR3), Shangwan (CV13), Yongquan (KI1), and Xinshu (BL15). The prescription was mostly composed of yuan-source points. Besides, the combinations of two of five-shu points, five-shu points with luo-connecting points, and yuan-source points with luo-connecting points were common. The high-frequency points were from the pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin, conception vessel, kidney meridian of foot-shaoyin, liver meridian of foot-jueyin, and bladder meridian of foot-taiyang, generally distributed on the yin part of the arm, abdominal region, the yin part of foot, the back, and the yin part of the leg. Zhigou (TE6), Zusanli (ST36), Baihui (GV20), and Jiuwei (CV15), as well as the specific acupoint combinations, were used for chest obstruction and heart pain due to qi stagnation. Moxibustion was more suitable for chest obstruction and heart pain caused by qi reversion, cold and qi stagnation. Shaohai (HT3) was invariably selected when hand tremor was accompanied; Zhongchong (PC9) combined with Daling (PC7) was selected specially for feverish sensation in the palms. Moxibustion was exclusively applied to Shangwan (CV13), and Taixi (KI3) was often stimulated with moxibustion. At Neiguan (PC6) and Daling (PC7), moxibustion was delivered in combination with acupuncture (high confidence was presented in acupuncture). CONCLUSION In ancient acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for chest obstruction and heart pain, the points of the pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin are predominant, coordinated with those of the liver meridian of foot-jueyin, kidney meridian of foot-shaoyin, conception vessel, and bladder meridian of foot-taiyang. It follows the principles of acupoint selection, "the pericardium acting on behalf of the heart", "regulating qi as the priority", "combination of yuan-source points with luo-connecting points", and "selecting nearby points along the affected meridians".
Humans ; Moxibustion/history* ; Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; Acupuncture Points ; History, Ancient ; Data Mining ; Chest Pain/history* ; Prescriptions/history* ; Meridians

Objective:To evaluate the effect of an obstetric artificial intelligence (AI) assistant combined with a family-centered health education model on maternal self-care ability, comfort status, and spousal caregiving ability.Methods:This prospective, single-center, parallel randomized controlled trial used 1∶1 randomization and was conducted as a superiority trial. Postpartum mothers and their spouses admitted to family-style single rooms at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between October 2024 and April 2025 were enrolled and randomly assigned to control or intervention groups using a random number table. The control group received conventional health education, while the intervention group received conventional health education plus the AI-assisted family-centered model. Interventions were administered at 2 hours, 6 hours, and 24 hours postpartum, and before discharge. Outcomes included maternal self-care ability, comfort status, and spousal caregiving ability, which were assessed at 2 hours postpartum and before discharge. Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests and Chi square tests. Results:Of the 88 mother-spouse dyads initially recruited, four were excluded due to mother-infant separation (e.g., neonatal jaundice), leaving 84 dyads (42 per group). After the intervention, the intervention group showed significantly higher maternal self-care ability scores [(192.81±13.80) vs. (181.00±21.41) scores, t=3.00], higher maternal comfort scores [(104.43±7.52) vs. (96.00±14.29) scores, t=3.38], and better spousal caregiving ability [(6.07±3.13) vs. (9.50±5.02) scores, t=－3.76] compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The obstetric AI assistant combined with a family-centered health education model significantly improved maternal self-care ability and comfort status, as well as spousal caregiving ability.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of an obstetric artificial intelligence (AI) assistant combined with a family-centered health education model on maternal self-care ability, comfort status, and spousal caregiving ability.Methods:This prospective, single-center, parallel randomized controlled trial used 1∶1 randomization and was conducted as a superiority trial. Postpartum mothers and their spouses admitted to family-style single rooms at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between October 2024 and April 2025 were enrolled and randomly assigned to control or intervention groups using a random number table. The control group received conventional health education, while the intervention group received conventional health education plus the AI-assisted family-centered model. Interventions were administered at 2 hours, 6 hours, and 24 hours postpartum, and before discharge. Outcomes included maternal self-care ability, comfort status, and spousal caregiving ability, which were assessed at 2 hours postpartum and before discharge. Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests and Chi square tests. Results:Of the 88 mother-spouse dyads initially recruited, four were excluded due to mother-infant separation (e.g., neonatal jaundice), leaving 84 dyads (42 per group). After the intervention, the intervention group showed significantly higher maternal self-care ability scores [(192.81±13.80) vs. (181.00±21.41) scores, t=3.00], higher maternal comfort scores [(104.43±7.52) vs. (96.00±14.29) scores, t=3.38], and better spousal caregiving ability [(6.07±3.13) vs. (9.50±5.02) scores, t=－3.76] compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The obstetric AI assistant combined with a family-centered health education model significantly improved maternal self-care ability and comfort status, as well as spousal caregiving ability.

Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition that not only diminishes the patient's quality of life but also has the potential to give rise to further health complications.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used to treat insomnia for thousands of years,with distinct advantages.TCM uses syndrome differentiation and therapy to achieve its therapeutic effects,by regulating the internal balance of the human body.To gain a deeper understanding of how TCM treats insomnia,it is crucial to create animal models that exhibit insomnia symptoms closely resembling those found in humans.This review summarizes the current disease-syndrome combination models,which can be classified into four categories:liver depression and Qi stagnation,heart-spleen deficiency,heart-kidney incompatibility,and Yin and blood deficiency.This paper focuses on specific modelling method ologies,assessment indicators,and model performances,with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of insomnia in the context of TCM,and providing technical assistance for clinical efficacy evaluation and the creation of novel drugs.

Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition that not only diminishes the patient's quality of life but also has the potential to give rise to further health complications.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used to treat insomnia for thousands of years,with distinct advantages.TCM uses syndrome differentiation and therapy to achieve its therapeutic effects,by regulating the internal balance of the human body.To gain a deeper understanding of how TCM treats insomnia,it is crucial to create animal models that exhibit insomnia symptoms closely resembling those found in humans.This review summarizes the current disease-syndrome combination models,which can be classified into four categories:liver depression and Qi stagnation,heart-spleen deficiency,heart-kidney incompatibility,and Yin and blood deficiency.This paper focuses on specific modelling method ologies,assessment indicators,and model performances,with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of insomnia in the context of TCM,and providing technical assistance for clinical efficacy evaluation and the creation of novel drugs.

Based on the neurovascular unit(NVU), neurovascular coupling functions as a barrier to maintain the homeostasis of the microenvironment by regulating the signaling and metabolic activity of nerve cells and capillaries. Widely dispersed across the retina, the NVU is essential to preserving its normal physiological function. A disturbance in retinal neurovascular homeostasis produced by a range of factors can result in a variety of retinal disorders, such as diabetic retinopathy(DR), glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa(RP)and age-related macular degeneration(ARMD). The retina also has a widespread distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), which functions to promote neuron growth and repair damage by binding to its receptor TrkB. In recent years, BDNF was found to play a protective role against damage in the early stage of retinal neurovascular homeostasis imbalance, often known as the neurodegenerative stage. It also helps to reduce the production of pro-angiogenic substances of neurological origin and offers a fresh approach for the early detection and treatment of associated eye disorders.

Objective:To observe the effect of G protein alpha inhibitory subunit (Gαi) 1 and Gαi3 on signal transduction and angiogenesis induced by Netrin-1 (NTN1) and explore the possible mechanisms.Methods:Twenty male C57BL/6J mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were randomly assigned to a control group and a diabetic group, with 10 mice in each group. Diabete group mice were induced by streptozotocin to establish diabetes model. 12 weeks after modeling, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of Ntn1, Gαi1 and Gαi3 in diabetic retinas. Additionally, 35 male C57BL/6J mice aged 2 weeks were randomly stratified into three groups: a control group, an intravitreal injection of NTN1 group (NTN1 group), and a retinal endothelial cell-specific Gαi1/Gαi3 knockdown coupled with intravitreal NTN1 injection group (Gαi1/Gαi3 eKD+NTN1 group), with 15 mice in each of the normal control and NTN1 groups, and 5 mice in the Gαi1/Gαi3 eKD+NTN1 group. Isolectin B4 staining was performed to observe retinal neovascularization. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were divided into four groups: negative control lentiviral transfection group (shC group), negative control lentiviral transfection+NTN1 treatment group (shC+NTN1 group), Gαi1/Gαi3 knockdown group (shGαi1/Gαi3 group), and Gαi1/Gαi3 knockdown+NTN1 treatment group (shGαi1/Gαi3+NTN1 group). The effects of NTN1, Gαi1, and Gαi3 on HUVEC proliferation were assessed using the EdU assay. Transwell assays were conducted to determine the effects on HUVEC migration, and Matrigel assays were used to evaluate the effects on HUVEC tube formation. Protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), phosphorylated S6K (p-S6K), extracellular regulatory protein kinase (Erk1/2), phosphorylated Erk1/2 (p-Erk1/2) protein expression on HUVEC were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group, the relative expression levels of Ntn1, Gαi1, and Gαi3 mRNA and protein in the diabetic group retina were significantly increased, with statistically significant differences ( t=11.800, 9.298, 10.620, 7.503, 3.432, 8.037; P<0.000 1). Compared with the shC group, the relative expression levels of Gαi1 and Gαi3 mRNA and protein in the shGαi1/Gαi3 group in HUVEC were significantly reduced, showing statistically significant differences ( t=16.310, 16.300, 13.600, 9.068; P<0.000 1). HUVEC proliferation rate, migration number and lumen formation number: compared with shC group, shC+NTN1 group significantly increased, while shGαi1/Gαi3 group and shGαi1/Gαi3+NTN1 group significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=62.750, 49.830, 54.900; P<0.000 1). Compared with the control group, the relative expression levels of Gαi1 and Gαi3 mRNA and protein in retina were significantly decreased in the Gαi1/Gαi3 eKD group, showing statistically significant differences ( t=10.920, 13.460, 9.219, 10.500; P<0.000 1). Retinal neovasculogenesis area: compared with the normal control group, the area of retinal neovasculogenesis increased significantly in the NTN1 group, but decreased significantly in the Gαi1/Gαi3 eKD+NTN1 group, with statistical significance ( F=24.010, P<0.000 1). The protein expression of p-Akt relative to Akt, p-S6K relative to S6K, and p-Erk1/2 relative to Erk1/2: compared with shC group, the protein expression of shC+NTN1 group was significantly increased, while that of shGαi1/Gαi3 group and shGαi1/Gαi3+NTN1 group was significantly decreased, with statistical significance ( F=78.610, 144.400, 77.010; P<0.000 1). Conclusions:NTN1 induces Gαi1/Gαi3 to mediate activation of downstream Akt-mammalian target proteins of rapamycin and Erk1/2, thereby promoting angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro environments. Knocking down Gαi1/Gαi3 significantly reduces the NTN1-induced angiogenesis effect.