Operation management is an important tool to promote the high-quality development of public hospitals in China.Since the founding of New China,based on China's economic and social development and medical and health system reform,the evolution of operation management of public hospitals in China can be divided into four stages,the system building stage(1949-1978),the liberalization and revitalization stage(1979-1996),the operation mechanism reform stage(1997-2020),and the new stage of high-quality development(2021 present).The development trend of public hospital operation management in future should deepen the public welfare-oriented public hospital operation management,explore the value-oriented medical operation management model based on high-quality development and the refined operation and management model of public hospitals,so as to promote the high-quality development of public hospitals in China.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that endangers human health globally. Diagnosis and treatment at an early stage are the keys to receiving radical treatment and improving survival rates. A clinical solution for HCC diagnosis at an early stage is the combination of serum markers and imaging technology. A basic strategy for screening and diagnosis at an early stage with a favorable cost-effectiveness ratio is the alpha-fetoprotein combined with abdominal ultrasound. The HCC diagnostic rate at an early stage can be improved with AFP combined with des-gamma carboxy prothrombin, aldehyde-keto reductase 1B10, liquid biopsy, and imaging tests. The radical treatment for early-stage HCC has entered a new era of diversification. The effectiveness of radical treatment can assist in improving the combined use of small molecule targeted medications and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The prevention and control of liver cancer will move toward a new stage of greater precision and efficiency with the advancement of biotechnology and policy promotion.

The diagnosis of small liver cancer is crucial to improving the survival rate of patients. However, traditional diagnostic methods are highly invasive, so the development of non-invasive diagnostic techniques is particularly important. In recent years, non-invasive diagnostic techniques have shown good prospects in the early-stage detection of liver cancer. Therefore, current research focuses on biomarkers, imaging technologies, and artificial intelligence applications. This article aims to review the latest advances in non-invasive diagnostic technologies, discuss their advantages and challenges in clinical application, and look forward to future research directions so as to provide a reference for further improving the diagnosis rate of small liver cancer.

Objective:To establish and explore a novel model and its clinical application value based on abnormal des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) for the early-stage diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:A total of 420 cases with chronic HBV infection with nodular liver lesions examined by imaging at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2021 to June 2024 were retrospectively selected. They were divided into the HBV-HCC group (182 cases) and the control group (238 cases) according to the current HCC diagnostic criteria. The basic information of patients, liver-related biochemical indicators, serum DCP, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, and the efficacy of combined detection in diagnosing early-stage HCC were collected and analyzed. A DSGAA model based on DCP (D) combined with gender (S), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT, G), AFP (A) and age (A) as independent variables was constructed. The diagnostic performance of the novel model was compared with that of the traditional model through nomogram visualization output and calibration curve.Results:The age, sex, hemoglobin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The positivity detection rate in patients with HBV-HCC was significantly higher in DCP than that of AFP (85.71% vs. 59.89%, P<0.05). The abnormal detection rate of DCP in patients with AFP-negative was 76.7%. The sensitivity for diagnosing HCC was significantly higher in DCP than AFP (73.63% vs. 64.29%, P<0.05), with specificity of 83.6% in all. The specificity for diagnosing early-stage HCC was 89.09%, surpassing that of AFP at 68.06% ( P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the constructed DSGAA diagnostic model was 0.8841, with an optimal cutoff value of 0.377, a sensitivity of 80.22%, and a specificity of 86.13%. The AUC for diagnosing early-stage HCC was 0.8122, with a sensitivity of 66.18%, and a specificity of 86.13%, and the diagnostic efficacy was higher than other models ( P<0.05). Conclusion:DCP has superior diagnostic efficacy for HBV-related HCC, and the DSGAA model is expected to be used as a new method for screening and diagnosing early-stage HBV-related HCC.

Objective:To explore the impact of the Yiqi Huoxue formula combined with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) antiviral therapy on the serum N-glycan abundance in patients with hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis so as to clarify the application value of the oligosaccharide chain test (GT) for dynamic monitoring of the liver fibrosis progression.Methods:Sixty-two cases diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B at the Department of Hepatology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, between January 2020 and December 2022 were enrolled and divided into a Yiqi Huoxue Formula (YQHX) combined with NAs group and an NAs monotherapy group ( n=31), with 31 cases in each group for a total of 96 weeks of follow-up. Patient's basic clinical characteristics and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were collected. GT was used simultaneously to detect the serum N-glycan profile and abundance changes. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. Enumeration data were expressed as number of cases and percentages (%). The χ2 test was used to compare constituent ratios between two or more groups. Correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman method, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results:The proportion of patients was significantly higher in the YQHX combined with NAs group than the NAs monotherapy group [61.29% (19/31) vs. 9.68% (3/31), P<0.05] with no progression in liver fibrosis staging following 96 weeks of follow-up. The abundance of the N-glycan marker peak 8 [triantennary N-glycan (NA3)] had resulted in significant change for liver fibrosis improvements ( P<0.05), which predicts liver fibrosis progression and reversal in populations sensitive to traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusion:The combined application of Yiqi Huoxue formula and NAs can significantly promote the improvement rate of hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis. Serum N-glycan peak 8 may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring the reversal of hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis.

Operation management is an important tool to promote the high-quality development of public hospitals in China.Since the founding of New China,based on China's economic and social development and medical and health system reform,the evolution of operation management of public hospitals in China can be divided into four stages,the system building stage(1949-1978),the liberalization and revitalization stage(1979-1996),the operation mechanism reform stage(1997-2020),and the new stage of high-quality development(2021 present).The development trend of public hospital operation management in future should deepen the public welfare-oriented public hospital operation management,explore the value-oriented medical operation management model based on high-quality development and the refined operation and management model of public hospitals,so as to promote the high-quality development of public hospitals in China.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that endangers human health globally. Diagnosis and treatment at an early stage are the keys to receiving radical treatment and improving survival rates. A clinical solution for HCC diagnosis at an early stage is the combination of serum markers and imaging technology. A basic strategy for screening and diagnosis at an early stage with a favorable cost-effectiveness ratio is the alpha-fetoprotein combined with abdominal ultrasound. The HCC diagnostic rate at an early stage can be improved with AFP combined with des-gamma carboxy prothrombin, aldehyde-keto reductase 1B10, liquid biopsy, and imaging tests. The radical treatment for early-stage HCC has entered a new era of diversification. The effectiveness of radical treatment can assist in improving the combined use of small molecule targeted medications and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The prevention and control of liver cancer will move toward a new stage of greater precision and efficiency with the advancement of biotechnology and policy promotion.

The diagnosis of small liver cancer is crucial to improving the survival rate of patients. However, traditional diagnostic methods are highly invasive, so the development of non-invasive diagnostic techniques is particularly important. In recent years, non-invasive diagnostic techniques have shown good prospects in the early-stage detection of liver cancer. Therefore, current research focuses on biomarkers, imaging technologies, and artificial intelligence applications. This article aims to review the latest advances in non-invasive diagnostic technologies, discuss their advantages and challenges in clinical application, and look forward to future research directions so as to provide a reference for further improving the diagnosis rate of small liver cancer.

Objective:To establish and explore a novel model and its clinical application value based on abnormal des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) for the early-stage diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:A total of 420 cases with chronic HBV infection with nodular liver lesions examined by imaging at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2021 to June 2024 were retrospectively selected. They were divided into the HBV-HCC group (182 cases) and the control group (238 cases) according to the current HCC diagnostic criteria. The basic information of patients, liver-related biochemical indicators, serum DCP, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, and the efficacy of combined detection in diagnosing early-stage HCC were collected and analyzed. A DSGAA model based on DCP (D) combined with gender (S), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT, G), AFP (A) and age (A) as independent variables was constructed. The diagnostic performance of the novel model was compared with that of the traditional model through nomogram visualization output and calibration curve.Results:The age, sex, hemoglobin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The positivity detection rate in patients with HBV-HCC was significantly higher in DCP than that of AFP (85.71% vs. 59.89%, P<0.05). The abnormal detection rate of DCP in patients with AFP-negative was 76.7%. The sensitivity for diagnosing HCC was significantly higher in DCP than AFP (73.63% vs. 64.29%, P<0.05), with specificity of 83.6% in all. The specificity for diagnosing early-stage HCC was 89.09%, surpassing that of AFP at 68.06% ( P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the constructed DSGAA diagnostic model was 0.8841, with an optimal cutoff value of 0.377, a sensitivity of 80.22%, and a specificity of 86.13%. The AUC for diagnosing early-stage HCC was 0.8122, with a sensitivity of 66.18%, and a specificity of 86.13%, and the diagnostic efficacy was higher than other models ( P<0.05). Conclusion:DCP has superior diagnostic efficacy for HBV-related HCC, and the DSGAA model is expected to be used as a new method for screening and diagnosing early-stage HBV-related HCC.

Objective:To explore the impact of the Yiqi Huoxue formula combined with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) antiviral therapy on the serum N-glycan abundance in patients with hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis so as to clarify the application value of the oligosaccharide chain test (GT) for dynamic monitoring of the liver fibrosis progression.Methods:Sixty-two cases diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B at the Department of Hepatology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, between January 2020 and December 2022 were enrolled and divided into a Yiqi Huoxue Formula (YQHX) combined with NAs group and an NAs monotherapy group ( n=31), with 31 cases in each group for a total of 96 weeks of follow-up. Patient's basic clinical characteristics and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were collected. GT was used simultaneously to detect the serum N-glycan profile and abundance changes. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. Enumeration data were expressed as number of cases and percentages (%). The χ2 test was used to compare constituent ratios between two or more groups. Correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman method, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results:The proportion of patients was significantly higher in the YQHX combined with NAs group than the NAs monotherapy group [61.29% (19/31) vs. 9.68% (3/31), P<0.05] with no progression in liver fibrosis staging following 96 weeks of follow-up. The abundance of the N-glycan marker peak 8 [triantennary N-glycan (NA3)] had resulted in significant change for liver fibrosis improvements ( P<0.05), which predicts liver fibrosis progression and reversal in populations sensitive to traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusion:The combined application of Yiqi Huoxue formula and NAs can significantly promote the improvement rate of hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis. Serum N-glycan peak 8 may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring the reversal of hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis.