Background: Orthognathic surgery has become increasingly accurate with the integration of computerized technologies. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of custom-made plates in transferring the three-dimensional virtual plan to intraoperative maxillary repositioning. Methods: This study included 10 patients. A digital surgical simulation technique was used for preoperative planning. The surgical components— osteotomy/plates, locating guides, and customized titanium plates—were fabricated using computer-aided design and manufacturing techniques, replacing the need for a surgical splint. Postoperative outcomes were assessed using unaltered anatomical landmarks from the preoperative virtual plan. Absolute discrepancies in translational and rotational movements between the planned and actual postoperative positions were measured through superimposition analysis. This evaluation assessed the precision of custom-made plates in transferring the virtual surgical plan, identifying deviations in the cephalocaudal, mediolateral, and anteroposterior directions that could influence functional and esthetic outcomes. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed for any landmarks across the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. The greatest variability was noted at the posterior nasal spine landmark in the axial plane (1.7 mm), compared with the coronal (0.9 mm) and sagittal (0.5 mm) planes. Conclusion Customized titanium plates effectively transferred the virtual surgical plan for maxillary repositioning without the need for an occlusal splint. However, potential posterior interference should be considered during surgical execution.

BACKGROUND: Burn injuries are characterized by extensive and prolonged inflammatory responses that impair wound healing, especially in deep burns. Understanding the post-burn fibroblast dynamics in wound healing is critical to improve recovery and minimize scarring. This study aimed to develop a 3D reconstructed human skin (RhS) burn model to mimic superficial, partial-thickness, and deep burn injuries and assess fibroblast behavior over one week. METHODS: RhS consisted of a reconstructed epidermis on a fibroblast populated collagen hydrogel dermis. Papillary (fibroblast activation protein; FAP ?) and reticular (FAP-) fibroblasts located themselves in the upper and lower regions respectively within the dermal compartment in line with native skin. Burns of increasing temperatures (70 °C, 110 °C, and 140 °C) were introduced and RhS was analyzed up to one-week post-burn. RESULTS: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) staining for metabolic active cells in tissue sections enabled distinct histological zones to be observed in RhS with partial (110 °C) and deep burns (140 °C): including a viable fibroblast zone (zone V), a mixed dead and viable fibroblast zone (zone M), and a necrotic zone (zone N). Fibroblast migration from the wound edge (M) into the viable area (V) and changes in fibroblast phenotype, particularly an increase in papillary fibroblast markers (FAP ?), were observed, with a marked increased expression of Ki67 in fibroblasts at the burn wound edge (M).Additionally, burn temperature influenced the protein secretion of inflammatory and tissue remodeling mediators SAA, NGAL, MRP8/13, ICAM-1, CCL20, and MMP-9. CONCLUSION The RhS burn model enables complex fibroblast dynamics post-burn to be investigated in an organotypic model, providing a platform for studying burn pathophysiology which can be used for evaluating potential therapeutic strategies for enhancing burn wound healing and minimizing scarring in the future.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of non-esterifi ed fatty acids in plasma from patients with multiple sclerosis and further to correlate these fi ndings with the neurological profi le as measured by the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale. Methods: Plasma non-esterifi ed fatty acids and esterifi ed fatty acids from 30 control subjects and 31 patients with multiple sclerosis were measured by gas chromatography. Results: Non-esterifi ed fatty acids C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6, C16:1n-7, C18:1n-7, C18:1n-9, C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0 were signifi cantly increased in plasma from patients with multiple sclerosis, P ≤ 0.01, while esterifi ed fatty acid C18:2n-6 was decreased, P = 0.003. Fatty acid PC C16:1n-7 and non-esterifi ed fatty acids C16:1n-7, C18:1n-7 and C18:1n-9 showed positive and fatty acids C18:1n-9, C20:0, C22:0 and C24:0 showed inverse correlations with the Functional System Scores. Conclusions: We have identifi ed increased monounsaturated non-esterifi ed fatty acids in plasma from patients with multiple sclerosis as indicative of a worse disease outcome. Further, the decrease in fatty acid C18:2n-6, with increases in non-esterifi ed fatty acids C18:2n-6 and C20:4n-6, suggested a role for