Inflatable penile prostheses are an important tool in the treatment of medically refractory erectile dysfunction. One of the major complications associated with these prostheses is infections, which ultimately require device explanation and placement of a new device. Over the past several decades, significant work has been done to reduce infection rates and optimize treatment strategies to reduce patient morbidity. This article reviews the current state of knowledge surrounding penile prosthesis infections, with attention to the evidence for methods to prevent infection and best practices for device reimplantation.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use* ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods* ; Bandages ; Carrier State/drug therapy* ; Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use* ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; Device Removal ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Erectile Dysfunction/surgery* ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/therapy* ; Hair Removal/methods* ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host/immunology* ; Male ; Penile Implantation/methods* ; Penile Prosthesis ; Preoperative Care/methods* ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/therapy* ; Reoperation ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Cord Injuries/epidemiology* ; Staphylococcal Infections/therapy* ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Surgical Drapes ; Surgical Instruments ; Surgical Wound Infection/therapy*

Perioperative anaphylaxis, although rare, is a severe, life-threatening unexpected systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Simultaneous administration of various drugs during anesthesia, the difficulty of communicate with patients in sedation and anesthesia, and coverage of the patient with surgical drapes are considered to be factors that impede early recognition of anaphylactic reactions. It is very important to perform an intradermal skin test because antibiotics are the most common cause of perioperative anaphylaxis. We report a case of negative-intradermal skin test antibiotic anaphylaxis mistaken for local aesthetic systemic toxicity without increase of serum tryptase for confirmative diagnostic biomaker during surgery under brachial plexus block. It is not possible to exclude the danger of anaphylaxis completely, even if it is negative-intradermal skin test and normal tryptase level. Therefore, anesthesiologists should be closely monitored and treated early for antibiotics related hypersensitive reaction, like other medicines during anesthesia.
Anaphylaxis ; Anesthesia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Brachial Plexus Block ; Brachial Plexus ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Skin Tests ; Surgical Drapes ; Tryptases

It is necessary to organize and arrange the hair before performing surgery on the scalp. The hair is preserved in most cases, and the remaining hair makes it difficult to apply and maintain the drape. Moreover, hair that has not been properly sterilized can be a risk factor for infection. Accordingly, the authors of the present study benchmarked a method of hair control within the operative field using a sterile gel. Prior to surgery, the hair around the lesion can be organized and rearranged to the desired shape by using a sterile medical gel as a hairstyling product. Subsequently, chlorhexidine-isopropyl alcohol can be used for aseptic skin preparation, followed by draping for surgery. By controlling the hair using this method, hair can be prevented from falling into the operative field, thereby reducing the risk of surgical site infection.
Accidental Falls ; Benchmarking ; Hair ; Methods ; Preoperative Care ; Risk Factors ; Scalp ; Skin ; Surgical Drapes ; Surgical Wound Infection

Intraoperative airway obstruction is perplexing to anesthesiologists because the patient may fall into danger rapidly. A 74-year-old woman underwent an emergency incision and drainage for a deep neck infection of dental origin. She was orally intubated with a 6. 0 mm internal diameter reinforced endotracheal tube by video laryngoscope using volatile induction and maintenance anesthesia (VIMA) with sevoflurane, fentanyl (100 µg), and succinylcholine (75 mg). During surgery, peak inspiratory pressure increased from 22 to 38 cmH₂O and plateau pressure increased from 20 to 28 cmH₂O. We maintained anesthesia because we were unable to access the airway, which was covered with surgical drapes, and tidal volume was delivered. At the end of surgery, we found a longitudinal fold inside the tube with a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The patient was reintubated with another tube and ventilation immediately improved. We recognized that the tube was obstructed due to dissection of the inner layer.
Aged ; Airway Obstruction* ; Anesthesia ; Bronchoscopes ; Drainage ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Intubation ; Laryngoscopes ; Ludwig's Angina* ; Neck ; Succinylcholine ; Surgical Drapes ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: Corneal abrasion is one of the most common ophthalmic complications that occurs after general anesthesia. Although they can occur by direct contact with surgical drapes or masks, most occur as a result of the drying of the cornea exposed during general anesthesia due to a reduced amount of tear secretions, the loss of light reflex, or the loss of recognition of pain during the procedure. Thus, to prevent corneal abrasions during general anesthesia, proper eye protection is required. METHODS: Seventy-two patients (144 eyes) were divided into four groups as follows: 1) control group: careful manual eye closure; 2) adhesive tape group: a bandage attached over the eyelid; 3) ointment group: eye ointment placed into the eye followed by eye closure; and 4) ointment and tape group: eye ointment placed into the eye followed by a bandage attached over the eyelid, with the patient subjected to both methods for each eye. The National Eye Institute (NEI) scale, conjunctiva hyperemia scale, tear break-up time, and Schmer test were conducted before and after operation. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was noted between groups regarding the NEI scale, conjunctiva hyperemia scale, tear break-up time, or Schirmer test. CONCLUSIONS: To prevent corneal abrasions in normal patients undergoing general anesthesia, eye taping, eye ointment application, or taping after eye ointment application will not significantly reduce the degree of corneal epithelial damage compared to manual eye closure.
Adhesives ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Bandages ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Intraoperative Complications ; Masks ; Methods* ; National Eye Institute (U.S.) ; Reflex ; Surgical Drapes ; Tears

INTRODUCTIONImmediate postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the most common cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Most recommendations focus on its prevention and management. Visual estimation of blood loss is widely used for the early detection of PPH, but the most appropriate method remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of visual estimation and objective measurement using a sterile under-buttock drape, to determine the volume of postpartum blood loss.

METHODSThis study evaluated patients aged ≥ 18 years with low-risk term pregnancies, who delivered vaginally. Immediately after delivery, a birth attendant inserted the drape under the patient's buttocks. Postpartum blood loss was measured by visual estimation and then compared with objective measurement using the drape. All participants received standard intra- and postpartum care.

RESULTSIn total, 286 patients with term pregnancies were enrolled. There was a significant difference in postpartum blood loss between visual estimation and objective measurement using the under-buttock drape (178.6 ± 133.1 mL vs. 259.0 ± 174.9 mL; p < 0.0001). Regarding accuracy at 100 mL discrete categories of postpartum blood loss, visual estimation was found to be inaccurate, resulting in underestimation, with low correspondence (27.6%) and poor agreement (Cohen's kappa coefficient 0.07; p < 0.05), compared with objective measurement using the drape. Two-thirds of cases of immediate PPH (65.4%) were misdiagnosed using visual estimation.

CONCLUSIONVisual estimation is not optimal for measurement of postpartum blood loss in PPH. This method should be withdrawn from standard obstetric practice and replaced with objective measurement using the sterile under-buttock drape.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Delivery, Obstetric ; instrumentation ; methods ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Mortality ; Obstetrics ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surgical Drapes ; Young Adult

In cleft palate surgery, the environment is especially critical when suturing. Encum-bered, obstructive space in the environment can hinder a suture while using the Dingman mouth gag. We introduced a novel but simple draping technique. A simple hand towel is placed over the gag. A hole is cut out in the middle according to each patient's mouth. After making the hole, the hand towel is soaked in water and gently squeezed. Then the towel is properly placed over the Dingman mouth gag. Dripping water on the hand towel during the suture helps keep it in place. Using this draping technique, we cut 14 minutes of operation time compared to the average operation time of the past 2 years. There were several disadvantages in previous draping method. First, long suture material may easily get caught. Second, the operation field can easily be contaminated. Third, focusing on the operation becomes difficult due to the obstruction. This draping technique can compensate for the disadvantages of the previous Dingman mouth gag.
Cleft Palate ; Hand* ; Mouth* ; Oral Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Drapes ; Sutures ; Water

Firstly, the essay introduces the definition of bio-burden, the significance of determination of bio-burden and the specific performance requirements. Then, the essay introduces the method selection and validation on the bio-burden determination of surgical drapes, gowns and clean air suits.
Equipment Contamination ; Surgical Attire ; microbiology ; standards ; Surgical Drapes ; microbiology ; standards

BACKGROUND: Genital skin cancer is a potential side effect of phototherapy. Development of genital skin cancer lowers a patient's quality of life. However, there are no standards for genital protection during phototherapy. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to find adequate materials for genital protection. METHODS: Eight common materials for genital protection were placed over an ultraviolet (UV) meter that was irradiated with UVA and narrowband UVB phototherapy units. The percentage of blocked UV was measured. RESULTS: White and black cotton underwear, white and black polyester underwear, and surgical drapes did not allow the transmission of UVA and narrowband UVB light. But a surgical mask allowed about 15% transmission of UV light. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that white and black cotton underwear, white and black polyester underwear and surgical drapes provide sufficient UV protection.
Humans ; Light ; Masks ; Phototherapy ; Polyesters ; Quality of Life ; Skin Neoplasms ; Surgical Drapes ; Ultraviolet Rays

By testing the less critical product areas of two different materials, this paper verifies the test method described in ISO 22612.
Desiccation ; Infection Control ; methods ; Materials Testing ; instrumentation ; methods ; Sterilization ; instrumentation ; methods ; Surgical Attire ; microbiology ; Surgical Drapes ; microbiology