Objective: To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of food poisoning event occurred in a school in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, so as to provide reference for the scientific management of related emergencies. Methods: By determining the nature of the event through epidemiological investigation, a case control study was carried out to spot suspicious food in May 2024. The hygienic investigation was conducted to find out possible pollution links and factors, patients and canteen practitioners anal swab, canteen retention samples, catering link daub and other specimens were collected ,for rapid pathogen screening. And the suspected pathogen Clostridium perfringens (CP) were isolated and identified according to the screening results, and toxin gene detection and whole genome sequencing and cluster analysis of CP isolated strains were carried out. Results: The incident resulted in 45 people experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and abdominal pain. The suspicious food was tomato scrambled eggs and corn ribs provided by the student canteen for lunch on May 29. A hygiene investigation found that there was a risk of contamination in the food processing, preparation and storage. A total of 46 anal swabs and 10 canteen retention samples were positive for CP 16 S, 59 strains of CP were isolated from 27 samples, 10 cases and 1 practitioner isolate were positive for CPE ( cpe ) (F mode), and their whole genome evolution analysis was conducted based on the same source. Conclusions The food poisoning event is caused by CP infection carrying CPE ( cpe ) (F mode), and the possible sources of outbreak are the carriers of the CP by employees. It is recommended that cafeteria staff strengthen training on common foodborne diseases and conduct regular monitoring of pathogens.

Oxidative stress can activate multiple inflammatory pathways， triggering and exacerbating psoriasis lesions. In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， blood turbidity refers to a pathological condition in which harmful stimuli or unhealthy lifestyle habits lead to an accumulation of impurities in the blood， resulting in increased viscosity and impaired circulation. Based on the correlation between blood turbidity theory in TCM and the pathological changes of oxidative stress in modern medicine， this paper explored the TCM diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis， proposing that spleen deficiency with latent turbidity is the fundamental cause of the disease. The pathological progression of psoriasis was outlined as follows， spleen deficiency with latent turbidity→phlegm and blood stasis intertwining→internal generation of toxic pathogens. Targeting oxidative stress， the study suggests syndrome differentiation and treatment with angle medicine （角药， means three medicinals combination）. The treatment strategy divided into three stages. For early stage， strengthening the spleen and directing the turbid downward， emphasizing prevention before onset， with angle medicine of Huangqi （Astragali Radix） - Fuling （Poria） - Baizhu （Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma） to treat； for middle stage， resolving phlegm and dispersing blood stasis， preventing disease progression， if patient with more phlegm syndrome treated with angle medicine of Banxia （Pinelliae rhizoma） - Chenpi （Citri reticulatae pericarpium） - Zhexie （Alismatis rhizoma）， and if patient with more stasis syndrome treated with Zicao （Arnebiae Radix） - Jixueteng （Spatholobi caulis） - Shouwuteng （Polygonum multiflorum Thunb）； for late stage， resolving toxins and dispelling pathogens， balancing both attack and supplementation， with Quanxie （Scorpio） - Tufuling （Smilacis glabrae rhizoma） - Shudihuang （Rehmanniae radix praeparata） to treat.

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), caused by cerebrovascular dysfunction, severely impacts the quality of life in the elderly population, yet effective therapeutic approaches remain limited. Mitophagy, a selective mitochondrial quality-control mechanism, has emerged as a critical focus in neurological disease research. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitophagy modulates oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. Key signaling pathways associated with mitophagy—including PINK1/Parkin, BNIP3/Nix, FUNDC1, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and AMPK—have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for VCI. This review summarizes the mechanistic roles of mitophagy in VCI pathogenesis and explores emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways, aiming to provide novel insights for clinical intervention and advance the development of effective treatments for VCI.

OBJECTIVE To explore the changes of serum Toll-like receptor(TLR)2,TLR4 and 25 hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]in the general anesthesia orthopedic surgery patients with postoperative pulmonary infections and analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens.METHODS A total of 59 general anesthesia orthopedic surgery patients with postoperative pulmonary infections who were treated in Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital from Jul.2019 to Jul.2024 were chosen as the infection group,meanwhile,65 patients who underwent the same surger-y but did not have postoperative pulmonary infection or other acute and chronic infections were chosen as the non-infection group.The etiological characteristics of the postoperative pulmonary infections and the drug re-sistance rates were analyzed.The clinical data and the levels of serum TLR2,TLR4 and 25(OH)D were observed and compared between the two groups of patients.The values of the above indicators in diagnosis of the postopera-tive pulmonary infections in the general anesthesia orthopedic surgery were analyzed.RESULTS Totally 63 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 59 general anesthesia orthopedic surgery patients with postoperative pulmona-ry infections,36(57.14％)of which were gram-negative bacteria.3 of 15 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were resistant to meropenem;4 of 12 Klebsiella pneumoniae strians were resistant to meropenem;all of the 11 Staph-ylococcus aureus strains were methicilin-resistant S.aureus.The proportions of patients with age,hypoproteine-mia and diabetes mellitus,the serum TLR2 and TLR4 levels were higher in the infection group than in the non-infection group(P＜0.05),while the 25(OH)D level of the infection group was lower than that of the no in-fection group(P＜0.05).The area under the curves(AUCs)of serum TLR2,TLR4,25(OH)D and the joint de-tection of the above indicators were respectively 0.817,0.801,0.787 and 0.917 in diagnosis of postoperative pul-monary infections in the general anesthesia orthopedic surgery patients,and the AUC of the joint detection of the indicators was greater than that of the single detection(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS The general anesthesia or-thopedic surgery patients with postoperative pulmonary infections show high expressions of serum TLR2 and TLR4 and the low expression of 25(OH)D.The joint detection of the above indexes has higher diagnostic value.The gram-negative bacteria are dominant among the pathogens causing the infections.The pathogens vary in the drug resistance.

Objective:To explore the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and β-catenin in skin lesions of condyloma acuminatum, and analyze their relationship with clinical prognosis.Methods:A prospective study was conducted to select 96 patients with condyloma acuminatum admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2020 to June 2023 as the case group. Another 96 normal tissue samples from patients who underwent external genital plastic surgery or circumcision at the same time in the hospital were taken as the control group. All patients in the case group received 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) treatment, and the outcome was achieved at 6 months after follow-up. The case group was divided into recurrent subgroups and non- recurrent subgroups based on whether there was a recurrence. The expression of NF-κB and β-catenin in patients with different prognoses between the case group and the control group were compared. The Phi coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between NF-κB, β-catenin, and condyloma acuminatum. COX regression analysis were used to test the relationship between NF-κB, β-catenin and recurrence, and then receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of NF-κB, β-catenin for recurrence in patients with condyloma acuminatum.Results:The positive rates of NF-κB and β-catenin in the lesion tissues of the case group were higher than those in the control group: 55.21%(53/96) vs. 23.96%(23/96), 56.25%(54/96) vs. 36.46%(35/96), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). According to the Phi coefficient test, there was a positive correlation between NF-κB and β-catenin positivity and condyloma acuminatum ( r>0, P<0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, 35 of the 96 patients relapsed, with a recurrence rate of 36.46% (35/96). The positive rates of NF-κB and β-catenin in the recurrent subgroup were significantly higher than those in the non-recurrent subgroup: 85.71%(30/35) vs. 37.70%(23/61), 85.71%(30/35) vs. 39.34%(24/61), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). COX regression analysis showed that the positive expression of NF-κB and β-catenin was related to the recurrence of patients with condyloma acuminatum after treatment ( HR = 4.017, 3.898, 95% CI 1.516 - 10.646, 1.470 - 10.336, P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that NF-κB, β-catenin, and their combination had moderate predictive value for recurrence in patients with condyloma acuminatum after treatment. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.740 and 0.732, respectively. Among them, the combined predictive value was the highest, with an AUC of 0.810 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The positive rates of NF-κB and β-catenin in the skin lesions of patients with condyloma acuminatum are relatively high, and they have certain predictive value for the recurrence of patients after treatment.

BACKGROUND:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells are seed cells for the treatment of white matter damage diseases.Establishing an efficient and stable in vitro differentiation method is an important prerequisite for clinical translational research.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of fibronectin on biological characteristics such as proliferation,migration,and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells derived from human neural stem cells.METHODS:Human neural stem cells cultured in suspension were digested into single cells using Accutase.The expression of specific markers Nestin,Sox2,Vimentin,CD133,and Musashi was detected by flow cytometry.The single cells of human neural stem cells were resuspended in oligodendrocyte precursor cell medium and seeded in six-well plates coated with different concentrations of fibronectin(0,1,2.5,5,and 10 μg/mL).Accutase digestion was performed after 7 days of culture.Cells were counted by trypan staining.Fibronectin-coated group with the strongest amplification ability and the oligodendrocyte precursor cells without fibronectin-coated group were selected for further tests.The migration ability of the two groups of cells was detected by Transwell.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of Olig2,Sox10,and PDGFR-α.Oligodendrocyte precursor cells were induced to differentiate into oligodendrocytes for 3 weeks,and the expression of Galc in differentiated cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)H uman neural stem cells grew in suspension spheres.Flow cytometry showed that human neural stem cells highly expressed Nestin,Sox2,Vimentin,CD133,and Musashi.(2)The cell bodies of oligodendrocyte precursor cells induced by human neural stem cells were round or oval,with strong refractive nature and bipolar or tertiary protrusions.Compared with the 0 μg/mL fibronectin coating group,there was a significant difference in the amplification ability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the 2.5,5,and 10 μg/mL fibronectin coating groups(P＜0.05).The amplification ability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells was the strongest when the fibronectin concentration was 10 μg/mL.(3)Flow cytometry results showed that the oligodendrocyte precursor cell markers 0Iig2,Sox10,and PDGFR-α were highly expressed in the 0 and 10 μg/mL fibronectin coating groups,and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).(4)Transwell chamber assay results showed that compared with the 0 μg/mL fibronectin-coated group,the migration ability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the 10 μg/mL fibronectin-coated group was increased(P＜0.01).(5)After 3 weeks of differentiation into oligodendrocytes,oligodendrocyte precursor cells showed complex morphology with multiple branches,grids or membrane sheets.Immunofluorescence staining results showed that there was no statistical difference in the Galc positive rate of oligodendrocytes between the two groups(P＞0.05).These findings indicate that when the concentration of fibronectin coated well plate is 10 μg/mL,the proliferation and migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells are the strongest,but it does not affect the expression of oligodendrocyte precursor cells-specific markers Olig2,Sox10,and PDGFR-α and their differentiation into oligodendrocytes.

AIM:We investigated the survival,migration and differentiation abilities of human oligodendro-cyte precursor cells(hOPC)in the brains of mice with vascular dementia(VaD),the effects of hOPC on cerebral white matter,and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Mouse VaD model was constructed using the bilateral common ca-rotid artery stenosis method,and the mice were randomly divided into sham,VaD and hOPC groups.Eight weeks after model establishment,the mice in VaD and hOPC groups received equal volume of vehicle(PBS)and hOPC solution,re-spectively,through the corpus callosum.Survival,migration and differentiation of hOPC in the brain were observed by im-munofluorescence staining at 4 and 12 weeks after transplantation.Twelve weeks after transplantation,the effects of hOPC on mouse brain white matter were detected by immunofluorescence staining of myelin basic protein(MBP),myelin-associ-ated glycoprotein(MAG),neurofilament protein 200(NF200)and non-phosphorylated neurofilament H(using monoclo-nal antibody SMI32),and by water maze experiments.Paracrine signaling by hOPC was explored using immunofluores-cence staining for vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).RESULTS:The hOPC survived in the brains of VaD mice for 12 weeks,migrated to damaged white matter areas,and partially differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes(approxi-mately 64%).Twelve weeks after transplantation,hOPC significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of MBP,MAG,and NF200(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and decreased the fluorescence intensity of SMI32(P<0.01).The VEGF expression in hOPC-treated mice was significantly higher than that in sham and VaD groups(P<0.01).The difference in water maze test performance between hOPC and sham groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The mice in hOPC group had a shorter latency than those in VaD group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and performed more platform crossings than those in VaD group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The hOPC can survive,migrate and differentiate in the brains of VaD mice,attenuate cerebral white matter lesions,and improve cognitive function.These improvements may be attributed to cell replacement and paracrine effects.

AIM:We investigated the survival,migration and differentiation abilities of human oligodendro-cyte precursor cells(hOPC)in the brains of mice with vascular dementia(VaD),the effects of hOPC on cerebral white matter,and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Mouse VaD model was constructed using the bilateral common ca-rotid artery stenosis method,and the mice were randomly divided into sham,VaD and hOPC groups.Eight weeks after model establishment,the mice in VaD and hOPC groups received equal volume of vehicle(PBS)and hOPC solution,re-spectively,through the corpus callosum.Survival,migration and differentiation of hOPC in the brain were observed by im-munofluorescence staining at 4 and 12 weeks after transplantation.Twelve weeks after transplantation,the effects of hOPC on mouse brain white matter were detected by immunofluorescence staining of myelin basic protein(MBP),myelin-associ-ated glycoprotein(MAG),neurofilament protein 200(NF200)and non-phosphorylated neurofilament H(using monoclo-nal antibody SMI32),and by water maze experiments.Paracrine signaling by hOPC was explored using immunofluores-cence staining for vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).RESULTS:The hOPC survived in the brains of VaD mice for 12 weeks,migrated to damaged white matter areas,and partially differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes(approxi-mately 64%).Twelve weeks after transplantation,hOPC significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of MBP,MAG,and NF200(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and decreased the fluorescence intensity of SMI32(P<0.01).The VEGF expression in hOPC-treated mice was significantly higher than that in sham and VaD groups(P<0.01).The difference in water maze test performance between hOPC and sham groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The mice in hOPC group had a shorter latency than those in VaD group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and performed more platform crossings than those in VaD group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The hOPC can survive,migrate and differentiate in the brains of VaD mice,attenuate cerebral white matter lesions,and improve cognitive function.These improvements may be attributed to cell replacement and paracrine effects.

Objective:To explore the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and β-catenin in skin lesions of condyloma acuminatum, and analyze their relationship with clinical prognosis.Methods:A prospective study was conducted to select 96 patients with condyloma acuminatum admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2020 to June 2023 as the case group. Another 96 normal tissue samples from patients who underwent external genital plastic surgery or circumcision at the same time in the hospital were taken as the control group. All patients in the case group received 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) treatment, and the outcome was achieved at 6 months after follow-up. The case group was divided into recurrent subgroups and non- recurrent subgroups based on whether there was a recurrence. The expression of NF-κB and β-catenin in patients with different prognoses between the case group and the control group were compared. The Phi coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between NF-κB, β-catenin, and condyloma acuminatum. COX regression analysis were used to test the relationship between NF-κB, β-catenin and recurrence, and then receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of NF-κB, β-catenin for recurrence in patients with condyloma acuminatum.Results:The positive rates of NF-κB and β-catenin in the lesion tissues of the case group were higher than those in the control group: 55.21%(53/96) vs. 23.96%(23/96), 56.25%(54/96) vs. 36.46%(35/96), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). According to the Phi coefficient test, there was a positive correlation between NF-κB and β-catenin positivity and condyloma acuminatum ( r>0, P<0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, 35 of the 96 patients relapsed, with a recurrence rate of 36.46% (35/96). The positive rates of NF-κB and β-catenin in the recurrent subgroup were significantly higher than those in the non-recurrent subgroup: 85.71%(30/35) vs. 37.70%(23/61), 85.71%(30/35) vs. 39.34%(24/61), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). COX regression analysis showed that the positive expression of NF-κB and β-catenin was related to the recurrence of patients with condyloma acuminatum after treatment ( HR = 4.017, 3.898, 95% CI 1.516 - 10.646, 1.470 - 10.336, P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that NF-κB, β-catenin, and their combination had moderate predictive value for recurrence in patients with condyloma acuminatum after treatment. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.740 and 0.732, respectively. Among them, the combined predictive value was the highest, with an AUC of 0.810 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The positive rates of NF-κB and β-catenin in the skin lesions of patients with condyloma acuminatum are relatively high, and they have certain predictive value for the recurrence of patients after treatment.

BACKGROUND:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells are seed cells for the treatment of white matter damage diseases.Establishing an efficient and stable in vitro differentiation method is an important prerequisite for clinical translational research.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of fibronectin on biological characteristics such as proliferation,migration,and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells derived from human neural stem cells.METHODS:Human neural stem cells cultured in suspension were digested into single cells using Accutase.The expression of specific markers Nestin,Sox2,Vimentin,CD133,and Musashi was detected by flow cytometry.The single cells of human neural stem cells were resuspended in oligodendrocyte precursor cell medium and seeded in six-well plates coated with different concentrations of fibronectin(0,1,2.5,5,and 10 μg/mL).Accutase digestion was performed after 7 days of culture.Cells were counted by trypan staining.Fibronectin-coated group with the strongest amplification ability and the oligodendrocyte precursor cells without fibronectin-coated group were selected for further tests.The migration ability of the two groups of cells was detected by Transwell.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of Olig2,Sox10,and PDGFR-α.Oligodendrocyte precursor cells were induced to differentiate into oligodendrocytes for 3 weeks,and the expression of Galc in differentiated cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)H uman neural stem cells grew in suspension spheres.Flow cytometry showed that human neural stem cells highly expressed Nestin,Sox2,Vimentin,CD133,and Musashi.(2)The cell bodies of oligodendrocyte precursor cells induced by human neural stem cells were round or oval,with strong refractive nature and bipolar or tertiary protrusions.Compared with the 0 μg/mL fibronectin coating group,there was a significant difference in the amplification ability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the 2.5,5,and 10 μg/mL fibronectin coating groups(P＜0.05).The amplification ability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells was the strongest when the fibronectin concentration was 10 μg/mL.(3)Flow cytometry results showed that the oligodendrocyte precursor cell markers 0Iig2,Sox10,and PDGFR-α were highly expressed in the 0 and 10 μg/mL fibronectin coating groups,and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).(4)Transwell chamber assay results showed that compared with the 0 μg/mL fibronectin-coated group,the migration ability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the 10 μg/mL fibronectin-coated group was increased(P＜0.01).(5)After 3 weeks of differentiation into oligodendrocytes,oligodendrocyte precursor cells showed complex morphology with multiple branches,grids or membrane sheets.Immunofluorescence staining results showed that there was no statistical difference in the Galc positive rate of oligodendrocytes between the two groups(P＞0.05).These findings indicate that when the concentration of fibronectin coated well plate is 10 μg/mL,the proliferation and migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells are the strongest,but it does not affect the expression of oligodendrocyte precursor cells-specific markers Olig2,Sox10,and PDGFR-α and their differentiation into oligodendrocytes.