Peanut, a major economic and oil crop known for the high protein and oil content, is extensively cultivated in China. Peanut plants have the ability to form nodules with rhizobia, where the nitrogenase converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen that can be utilized by the plants. Analysis of nodule fixation is of positive significance for avoiding overapplication of chemical fertilizer and developing sustainable agriculture. In this study, AhNIGT1.2, a member of the NIGT family predominantly expressed in peanut nodules, was identified by bioinformatics analysis. Subsequent spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that AhNIGT1.2 was highly expressed in nodules and showed significant responses to high nitrogen, low nitrogen, high phosphorus, low phosphorus, and rhizobia treatments. Histochemical staining indicated that the gene was primarily expressed in developing nodules and at the connection region between mature nodules and peanut roots. The fusion protein AhNIGT1.2-GFP was located in the nucleus of tobacco epidermal cells. The AhNIGT1.2-OE significantly increased the number of peanut nodules, while AhNIGT1.2-RNAi reduced the number of nodules, which suggested a positive regulatory role of AhNIGT1.2 in peanut nodulation. The AhNIGT1.2-OE in roots down-regulated the expression levels of NRT1.2, NRT2.4, NLP1, and NLP7, which indicated that AhNIGT1.2 influenced peanut nodulation by modulating nitrate transport and the expression of NLP genes. The transcriptome analysis of AhNIGT1.2-OE and control roots revealed that overexpressing AhNIGT1.2 significantly enriched the differentially expressed genes associated with nitrate response, nodulation factor pathway, enzymes for triterpene biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis. These findings suggest that AhNIGT1.2 play a key role in peanut nodulation by regulating nitrate transport and response and other related pathways. This study gives insights into the molecular mechanisms of nitrogen and phosphorus in regulating legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation, and sheds light on the development of legume crops that can efficiently fix nitrogen in high nitrogen environments.
Arachis/physiology* ; Nitrates/metabolism* ; Plant Proteins/physiology* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Plant Root Nodulation/physiology* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism* ; Nitrogen Fixation

Objective:To study the correlation between serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level and echocardiographic parameters in patients with chronic Keshan disease, providing reference for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of chronic Keshan disease.Methods:Ninety-nine patients with chronic Keshan disease who received standardized treatment at Jingchuan County People's Hospital in Pingliang City, Gansu Province from January to December 2020 were selected. Among them, 16 patients were classified as cardiac function grade Ⅱ according to New York Heart Association (NYHA), 69 as grade Ⅲ and 14 as grade Ⅳ. The patients underwent echocardiography and their serum NT-proBNP level was measured using fluorescence immunochromatography. The differences in serum NT-proBNP levels among patients with different cardiac function grades were compared, and the correlation between cardiac function grades, serum NT-proBNP level and echocardiographic parameters was analyzed.Results:The serum NT-proBNP levels in patients with cardiac function grades Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ were (1 107.26 ± 268.03), (2 125.98 ± 293.02), and (8 268.59 ± 2 659.50) pg/ml, respectively. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant ( F = 13.94, P < 0.001). The serum NT-proBNP level was positively correlated with cardiac function grades ( r = 0.44, P < 0.001), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, and left atrial diameter ( r = 0.45, 0.52, 0.38, P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with fractional shortening and left ventricular ejection fraction ( r = - 0.39, - 0.46, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The serum NT-proBNP level in patients with chronic Keshan disease with different cardiac function grades is different, and is positively correlated with echocardiographic parameters reflecting the degree of cardiac structural and functional impairment. The NT-proBNP level may become an early diagnostic, grading, and prognostic indicator for chronic Keshan disease.

Objective:To evaluate the application of the standard of "Delimitation and Classification of Keshan Disease Areas" (GB 17020-2010, Standard for short), learn about the applicability of its technical indicators and requirements, and provide a basis for revision of the Standard.Methods:In March 2022, provinces with severe epidemic areas of Keshan disease or new cases reported in recent years were selected, including Gansu Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shandong Province, Shaanxi Province, Yunnan Province, Shanxi Province, Liaoning Province, and Chongqing City. Multi-stage stratified sampling method and questionnaire survey were adopted to collect information on the application of Standard by relevant health institutions.Results:A total of 448 questionnaires were collected, including 445 valid. The survey results showed that 87.64% (390/445) of the respondents were aware of the Standard, and 64.72% (288/445) had received training on the Standard. Eighty-two point two per cent (365/445) of the respondents believed that the Standard was simple and easy to operate, 83.82% (373/445) believed that the determination of the diseased townships was scientific and reasonable, and could be effectively implemented, and 83.60% (372/445) believed that the determination of historical epidemic areas was applicable to the current situation of Keshan disease; 38.88% (173/445), 38.20% (170/445), and 37.98% (169/445) of the respondents believed that the classification indicators for classifying epidemic areas (severe, moderate, and mild epidemic areas) were not applicable to the current situation of the disease in the local or provinces with Keshan disease, respectively. Among the indicators for epidemic areas classification, 30.79% (137/445), 29.21% (130/445), and 28.54% (127/445) of the respondents thought that the annual prevalence, the annual number of new cases and the annual incidence were most suitable for classification of Keshan disease areas.Conclusions:The Standard has been applied well in practice. However, based on the current situation of Keshan disease, it is suggested to redefine the standard for the severity of the disease and the classification of historical epidemic areas.

Objective: To understand health literacy and associated factors of freshmen from Jiangsu Province, and to provide reference for youth health education. Methods: From 2017 October to 2018 October, a total of 15 602 college freshman were randomly selected from 20 universities in Jiangsu Province via stratified cluster sampling method. Structural questionnaires were used to investigate the status of health literacy. The χ 2 test and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of health literacy. Results: The health literacy level of college freshmen from Jiangsu Province was 20.2%, among which the literacy levels of knowledge, behavior and skills were 23.0%, 30.7% and 31.5% respectively. The literacy levels of the six public health issues, including safety and first aid, scientific health attitude, knowledge of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, health information, basic health care, and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, from high to low, were 72.8%, 58.7%, 28.5%, 28.2%, 20.3% and 15.9%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis has showed that students from undergraduate colleges(OR=2.77, 95%CI=2.47-3.11), urban areas(OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.07-1.34), or southern Jiangsu regions(OR=1.10, 95%CI=1.00-1.22), being the only child(OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.03-1.25), higher maternal education level (OR=1.53, 95%CI=1.30-1.79), having both parents(OR=1.16, 95%CI=1.00-1.34), reported higher level of health literacy. Conclusion The three aspects and six dimensions of health literacy of college freshmen were unbalanced. Health literacy is a shared function of multiple factors including society, family, and individuals. It is essential to promote health education through more efforts on key issues, in order to effectively elevate the health literacy level of adolescent students.

Objective:To explore the effect of health education on drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Gansu Province, and provide evidence for further development of health education measures.Methods:In 2011-2013, 2016 and 2017, using prospective method, 16-19 drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis counties (cities, districts) were selected as project counties in Gansu Province each year, and 3 townships (towns) were selected in each project county. To carry out public health education activities on prevention and treatment of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis, school health education activities were carried out in the classes of grade 4-6 in the central primary school; 3 administrative villages were selected in each township (town) to carry out community health education activities. Before and after the health education activities, questionnaire surveys on health education of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis prevention knowledge were conducted among 30-50 students of grade 5 in the central primary school and 15-30 housewives lived near the schools in each township (town). Comparative analysis of the effects of health education activities was carried out.Results:The total awareness rates of prevention and treatment of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in students of grade 5 and housewives were 89.55% (28 164/31 452) and 86.61% (14 976/17 292) after the intervention, respectively, which were significantly higher than those before the intervention [53.40% (16 518/30 933) and 51.88% (8 925/17 202)], and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2=1 586.16, 4 886.16, P < 0.05). Among the primary school students and housewives, the knowledge awareness rates of prevention and treatment of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis were increased by 36.15% and 34.73%, respectively. Conclusions:After implementation of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis health education intervention, the awareness rates of prevention and treatment knowledge in primary school students and housewives in Gansu Province are significantly increased. However, there are still weakness such as shortage of primary health education staff and insufficient investment in work funds, which means we can further expand the scope of health education.

Objective:To spread the knowledge of Keshan disease prevention and control, enhance the awareness of disease prevention among the population in the diseased areas, and provide the basis for formulating scientific intervention strategies for health education of Keshan disease.Methods:From October 2017 to April 2018, 10 counties (districts) with Keshan disease were selected as project counties(districts) in Gansu Province, and 3 towns were selected in each project county (district). To carry out Keshan disease health education activities in grade 4 - 6 of each township (town) central primary school, 3 villages were selected in each township to carry out community health education activities. We carried out 6-month propaganda on knowledge of Keshan disease prevention and control among pupils and residents, distributed health education materials and held lectures. Before and after the intervention, we conducted a questionnaire survey on health education among the target population (residents under 50 and primary school students in Grade 5), evaluated the improvement level of knowledge about keshan disease, and made statistical analysis.Results:Four hundred and fifty residents were investigated pre intervention and 451 residents post intervention, the awareness rate of Keshan disease prevention and control knowledge among residents in the diseased areas increased from 45.4% (2 041/4 500) before intervention to 79.5% (3 584/4 510) after intervention (χ 2 = 1 115.9, P < 0.05). Nine hundred and forty-eight pupils were investigated before intervention and 906 pupils (primary school students in Grade 5) after intervention, the awareness rate of Keshan disease prevention and control knowledge among pupils increased from 50.8% (4 818/9 480) before intervention to 84.2% (7 631/9 060) after intervention (χ 2 = 2 343.3, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The comprehensive intervention mainly based on health education can significantly improve the awareness rate of prevention and treatment knowledge of Keshan disease among primary school students and residents, and improve their bad life style, which is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of Keshan disease.

Objective:To evaluate the quality of life of patients with chronic Keshan disease, and to explore related influencing factors, in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of life of patients with chronic Keshan disease.Methods:According to the standard of "Diagnosis of Keshan Disease" (WS/T 210-2011), 110 patients with chronic Keshan disease treated in the Jingchuan People's Hospital, Pingliang City, Gansu Province were selected as the research subjects, and demographic and disease data of the patients were collected by questionnaire survey; the quality of life of patients was assessed by the Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (MLHFQ); and correlation analysis was used to analyze and explore the influencing factors of patients' MLHFQ score.Results:Among the 110 patients with chronic Keshan disease, 66 were males and 44 were females, aged (60.93 ± 8.22) years; the education level was mainly junior high school or below, accounting for 92.73% (102/110); average annual family income was 20 700 yuan; the cardio-thoracic ratio of the patient was 0.64 ± 0.09; the ejection fraction (EF) was (36.71 ± 7.55)%; the labor ability classification was mainly based on simple activities, accounting for 60.91% (67/110); and the cardiac function classification was mainly Grade Ⅲ, accounting for 67.27% (74/110). The total MLHFQ scores of chronic Keshan patients were (69.17 ± 16.14) points, and the scores of physical, emotional and other fields were (26.32 ± 6.70), (15.86 ± 4.96) and (26.94 ± 6.10) points, respectively. The total MLHFQ scores had statistically significant differences among patients with different education level, cardio-thoracic ratio, EF, labor ability classification, cardiac function classification and annual family income ( F=7.121, 6.236, 4.515, 3.427, 5.418, Z=2.346 , P < 0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that educational level and labor ability classification were negatively correlated with scores in physical field and other fields ( r=- 0.302, - 0.206, - 0.343, - 0.285, P < 0.01), and annual family income was negatively correlated with scores in emotional field ( r=- 0.263, P < 0.01). The cardiac function classification was positively correlated with scores in physical and other fields ( r=0.233, 0.210, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The quality of life of patients with chronic Keshan disease is poor. The quality of life of patients is affected by their educational level, annual family income, labor ability classification, cardiac function classification, etc.

Keshan disease (KD) is a unique endemic cardiomyopathy of unknown origin in China.According to the state of heart function and the pathogenesis,KD is divided into four types:acute,sub-acute,chronic and latent.Chronic KD comes on slowly,and the clinical manifestation is chronic cardiac insufficiency.Chronic patients often have poor treatment outcomes,with high mortality and disability.This article summarizes the nonpharmacological treatment of heart failure in chronic KD in order to provide a basis for clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the effect of oral-muscle biofeedback system training on the rehabilitation of cognitive dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 60 cases of poststroke OSA patients with cognitive dysfunction admitted to the rehabilitation center of deAn hospital in changzhou city from June 2017 to March 2018 were selected.On the basis of routine rehabilitation treatment,the control group was given positive pressure ventilation treatment,and the observation group was given oral muscle biofeedback system training.The changes of polysomnography (PSG) parameters,Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score,serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and plasma homcysteinemia (Hcy) expression levels in the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results Apnea hypopnea index and maximum apnea time of the two groups were significantly decreased after treatment compared with those before treatment,and the lowest SpO2 and average SpO2 were significantly higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05).After treatment,MoCA total score and the dimensions score of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group at the same time (P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of Hcy((12.38±4.54) μmol/L) and MMP-9((124.52± 12.94) μg/L) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at the same time(Hcy(17.52±6.27) μmol/L,MMP-9(268.25±20.5 7)μg/L),and the difference was statistically significant (Hcy:t=3.637,P＜0.05;MMP-9:t =32.395,P＜0.05).Conclusions Positive pressure ventilation and oral muscle biofeedback system training have the same effect on OSA after stroke,but oral muscle biofeedback system training can also effectively improve patients' cognitive function.

Objective To evaluate the measurement uncertainty of flavonoids in loquat honey by UV spectrophotometry. Methods Through analyzing the whole process of the total flavonoids in loquat honey by UV spectrophotometry detection,the mathematical model was established,the uncertainty factors were determined,and each uncertainty was evaluated.Then the combined uncertainty was calculated and the expanded uncertainty of the measurement results at the 95％ confidence interval was given. Results The measurement uncertainty of the totle flavonoids content in loquat honey by UV spectrophotometry was (38.497±5. 674) μg?g-1 . Conclusion The uncertainty evaluation method is suitable for determination of the total flavonoids in loquat honey by UV method,and the uncertainty is mainly introduced by preparation of reference stock solution and standard curve fitting.