Purpose: Although non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have often been implicated in various cancers, their causal roles in acute (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remain unclear. Here, we conducted a genome-wide two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal effects of a comprehensive set of ncRNAs on AML and CML. Materials and Methods: We used summary statistics of blood expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) from the eQTLGen consortium (31,684 European participants) as exposure data. Genome-wide association study summary statistics from the FinnGen study (AML, 322 cases; CML, 303 cases) and UK Biobank (UKBB) (AML, 318 cases; CML, 153 cases) served as outcome data. The generalized inverse-variance weighted (GIVW) method was used as the primary MR method. Two additional MR methods (generalized MR-Egger and weighted median), sensitivity analyses, and the HEIDI test were further employed to support our findings. Results: Upregulated HCG22 and RP11-42I10.1 were causally linked to increased AML risk, while the GMDS-AS1 locus was positively associated with increased CML risk. We highlight these ncRNAs for their consistent significance across all three MR methods, with no evidence of bias in sensitivity analyses (F-test, Cochran’s Q-test, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO global test) and no indication of confounding from the HEIDI test. These findings were primarily discovered in FinnGen (FDRGIVW < 0.05), their significance was validated in UKBB (pGIVW < 0.05). Upon validation with an independent linkage disequilibrium reference panel, they remained robust. Conclusion This study provides evidence of causal relationships between ncRNAs and the subtypes of AML and CML, notably highlighting HCG22 and RP11-42I10.1 in AML and the GMDS-AS1 locus in CML.

Objectives: With the rapid aging of the global population, maintaining oral health in older adults with frailty has become a major public health priority. Domiciliary dental care, which provides dental services directly at home or in long-term care facilities, has emerged as a promising approach for overcoming barriers to mobility, access, and equity. However, evidence of its structure, effectiveness, and sustainability remains fragmented across countries. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize international models of domiciliary dental care, focusing on their organizational structures, delivery processes, reported outcomes, limitations, and policy implications. We also sought to identify gaps in evidence and propose future research directions. Methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR framework, we conducted a structured review of the literature on domiciliary dental care systems in Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. The data were charted on program design; service coverage; financing;workforce organization; and outcomes related to oral health, patient experience, and systemic challenges. Results: Domiciliary dental care improved access for frail or homebound older adults, facilitated early detection and prevention, enhanced oral health maintenance, and increased patient and caregiver satisfaction across countries. Education components for caregivers and facility staff further contributed to sustained oral hygiene practices. Nevertheless, most services were limited to preventive and basic restorative care, constrained by a lack of portable equipment, inadequate workforce capacity, low reimbursement levels, administrative burden, and legal liability concerns. Evidence from low- and middle-income countries was extremely limited, and few longitudinal and experimental studies were available to assess the cost-effectiveness or long-term outcomes. Conclusions This scoping review highlights domiciliary dental care as a valuable but underdeveloped public health strategy for aging societies. To achieve sustainability and a broader impact, future efforts must address streamlined administration, standardized guidelines, adequate financing, professional training, and legal safeguards supported by stronger evidence, including economic evaluations and long-term outcome studies.

BACKGROUND: Recent anti-cancer agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have emerged as effective agents targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway. While the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs before cytotoxic agents is known to preserve female reproductive organ function, the potential effects of ICIs and the protective impact of GnRH analogs on female reproductive organs, especially concerning ovarian reserve and endometrial receptivity, remain unknown. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the protective or regenerative effect on the female reproductive organ of cetrorelix prior to anti-PD-L1 antibody administration.METHOD: Using a murine model, we examined the effects of Anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment on ovarian and uterine morphology, compared them with controls, and further assessed any potential protective effect of cetrorelix, a GnRH analog. Histological examinations and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were employed to study the morphological changes and associated gene expression patterns. RESULTS: Anti-PD-L1 treatment led to a significant depletion of primordial/primary ovarian follicles and impaired decidualization in uterine stromal cells. However, while pretreatment with cetrorelix could restore normal decidualization patterns in the uterus, it did not significantly ameliorate ovarian follicular reductions. Gene expression analysis reflected these observations, particularly with marked changes in the expression of key genes like Prl and Igfbp1, pivotal in uterine decidualization. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the potential reproductive implications of cetrorelix treatment prior to Anti-PDL1 therapy, shedding light on its short-term protective effects on the uterus. Further studies are necessary to understand long-term and clinical implications.

Purpose: To evaluate patient satisfaction and symptom control in hypogonadal men transitioning from other testosterone therapies to oral testosterone undecanoate (TU). Materials and Methods: In this open-label clinical trial, men aged 18 to 75 years with hypogonadism were switched to oral TU after a sufficient washout of previous testosterone therapies. Treatment satisfaction and symptom control were primarily measured using the 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) and quantitative androgen deficiency in aging males (qADAM) questionnaires, respectively. Secondary outcomes included changes in serum testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), hematocrit (HCT), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Results: Forty-one men participated, with significant improvements in all TSQM-9 scores observed over 6 months. Symptom control as measured by qADAM remained consistent. There was a significant increase in serum T and E2 levels, but HCT and PSA levels remained stable. Conclusions Switching to oral TU from other testosterone therapies is associated with increased patient satisfaction and stable hypogonadal symptom control.

Pharyngeal dysphagia can be caused by structural abnormalities or neurological disorders such as stroke, meningitis, and other conditions. Herpes zoster (HZ), caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), is a rare cause of pharyngeal dysphagia. The symptoms of HZ usually involve a painful rash with vesicles along the dermatome area, but it can also affect the cranial nerves (CN), such as CN VII (Ramsay-Hunt syndrome), and less commonly, other CN. A 69-year-old man presented with a sore throat and dysphagia symptoms. A laryngoscopy revealed multiple ulcerative mucosal lesions on the right soft palate and lateral pharynx. The patient was treated with oral valacyclovir, and although the lesions disappeared, the dysphagia symptoms remained. While dysphagia associated with a VZV infection is rare, it can occur with the additional symptoms of vocal cord paralysis. This paper reports a rare case of pharyngeal dysphagia caused by a VZV infection, and the patient presented only with the initial symptoms of sore throat and dysphagia without skin lesions or signs of vocal cord paralysis.

Purpose: To evaluate patient satisfaction and symptom control in hypogonadal men transitioning from other testosterone therapies to oral testosterone undecanoate (TU). Materials and Methods: In this open-label clinical trial, men aged 18 to 75 years with hypogonadism were switched to oral TU after a sufficient washout of previous testosterone therapies. Treatment satisfaction and symptom control were primarily measured using the 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) and quantitative androgen deficiency in aging males (qADAM) questionnaires, respectively. Secondary outcomes included changes in serum testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), hematocrit (HCT), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Results: Forty-one men participated, with significant improvements in all TSQM-9 scores observed over 6 months. Symptom control as measured by qADAM remained consistent. There was a significant increase in serum T and E2 levels, but HCT and PSA levels remained stable. Conclusions Switching to oral TU from other testosterone therapies is associated with increased patient satisfaction and stable hypogonadal symptom control.

Purpose: To evaluate patient satisfaction and symptom control in hypogonadal men transitioning from other testosterone therapies to oral testosterone undecanoate (TU). Materials and Methods: In this open-label clinical trial, men aged 18 to 75 years with hypogonadism were switched to oral TU after a sufficient washout of previous testosterone therapies. Treatment satisfaction and symptom control were primarily measured using the 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) and quantitative androgen deficiency in aging males (qADAM) questionnaires, respectively. Secondary outcomes included changes in serum testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), hematocrit (HCT), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Results: Forty-one men participated, with significant improvements in all TSQM-9 scores observed over 6 months. Symptom control as measured by qADAM remained consistent. There was a significant increase in serum T and E2 levels, but HCT and PSA levels remained stable. Conclusions Switching to oral TU from other testosterone therapies is associated with increased patient satisfaction and stable hypogonadal symptom control.

Purpose: To evaluate patient satisfaction and symptom control in hypogonadal men transitioning from other testosterone therapies to oral testosterone undecanoate (TU). Materials and Methods: In this open-label clinical trial, men aged 18 to 75 years with hypogonadism were switched to oral TU after a sufficient washout of previous testosterone therapies. Treatment satisfaction and symptom control were primarily measured using the 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) and quantitative androgen deficiency in aging males (qADAM) questionnaires, respectively. Secondary outcomes included changes in serum testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), hematocrit (HCT), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Results: Forty-one men participated, with significant improvements in all TSQM-9 scores observed over 6 months. Symptom control as measured by qADAM remained consistent. There was a significant increase in serum T and E2 levels, but HCT and PSA levels remained stable. Conclusions Switching to oral TU from other testosterone therapies is associated with increased patient satisfaction and stable hypogonadal symptom control.

Purpose: To evaluate patient satisfaction and symptom control in hypogonadal men transitioning from other testosterone therapies to oral testosterone undecanoate (TU). Materials and Methods: In this open-label clinical trial, men aged 18 to 75 years with hypogonadism were switched to oral TU after a sufficient washout of previous testosterone therapies. Treatment satisfaction and symptom control were primarily measured using the 9-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) and quantitative androgen deficiency in aging males (qADAM) questionnaires, respectively. Secondary outcomes included changes in serum testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), hematocrit (HCT), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Results: Forty-one men participated, with significant improvements in all TSQM-9 scores observed over 6 months. Symptom control as measured by qADAM remained consistent. There was a significant increase in serum T and E2 levels, but HCT and PSA levels remained stable. Conclusions Switching to oral TU from other testosterone therapies is associated with increased patient satisfaction and stable hypogonadal symptom control.

Purpose: Several studies have been conducted on the relationship between green tea intake and metabolic syndrome. However, compared to the studies carried out internationally, there is inadequate research on the relationship between domestic green tea consumption and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, in this study, the general characteristics of Koreans according to their green tea intake and its association with metabolic syndrome were examined. Methods: A total of 44,611 subjects were included in the study, and analysis was carried out using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) for Korean adults aged 40 or older. Green tea consumption was estimated using 106 verified food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) parameters. After adjusting for confounding variables by performing a Cox regression analysis, the association between green tea consumption and metabolic syndrome was confirmed through the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The average incidence of metabolic syndrome was 18.7% (20.8% in men and 17.8% in women). Compared to those who drank almost no green tea, in subject groups consuming more than one cup of green tea a day, the metabolic syndrome incidence was significantly reduced by 15% (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.96; p trend = 0.0200) among men and by 19% (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73–0.90; p trend < 0.0001) among women. In addition, the biomarkers related to metabolic syndrome also tended to decrease overall in these groups. Conclusion This study concluded that as the intake of green tea increased, the incidence of metabolic syndrome and related indicators decreased. Therefore, green tea intake is believed to have a positive effect on the prevention and management of the metabolic syndrome.