Ischial bursitis is a relatively common cystic lesion that is palpable as a mass in the buttocks. On the other hand, hemorrhagic ischial bursitis accompanied by vascular injury is uncommon, and it can be challenging to diagnose clinically or radiologically. This paper reports a 74-year-old male patient with a cystic lesion in the right ischial tuberosity that occurred after a fall from a ladder 2 months earlier. The initial diagnosis of ischial bursitis was suggested, but conservative treatment did not lead to improvement. Subsequent follow-up showed that the condition was a hemorrhagic ischial bursitis with vascular damage involving a branch of the internal pudendal artery. The patient experienced improvement after undergoing percutaneous embolization.

Purpose: This study evaluated the rates and annual trends of pediatric CT scans in South Korea using a nationwide population-based database. Materials and Methods: Data regarding pediatric CT scan usage between 2012 and 2017 were retrieved from the health insurance review and assessment service. Data on the age, sex, diagnosis, and the anatomical area of involved patients were also extracted. Results: A total of 576376 CT examinations were performed among 58527528 children aged below 18 years (9.8 scans/1000 children), and the number of CT examinations per 1000 children was noted to have increased by 23.2% from 9.0 in 2012 to 11.0 in 2017. Specifically, the number of CT examinations increased by 32.9% for the 6–12 years of age group (7.4/1000 to 9.8/1000) and by 34.0% for the 13–18 years of age group (11.4/1000 to 15.3/1000). Moreover, majority of the CT scans were limited to the head (39.1%), followed by the extremities (32.5%) and the abdomen (13.7%). Notably, the number of extremity CT scans increased by 83.6% (2.3/1000 to 4.2/1000), and its proportion as compared to other scans increased from 25.3% to 37.7%. Conclusion CT scans in the pediatric population increased continuously from 2012 to 2017 at an annual rate of 4.4%. Therefore, physicians should balance the benefits of CT with its potential harms from associated radiation exposure in pediatric patients.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of bone single-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) of the hip in predicting the later occurrence of avascular necrosis (AVN) after slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) or femoral neck fracture in pediatric patients. The quantitative parameters of SPECT/CT useful in predicting AVN were identified. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one (male:female, 10:11) consecutive patients aged < 18 years (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 11.0 ± 2.7 years) who underwent surgery for SCFE or femoral neck fracture and postoperative bone SPECT/CT were included. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV), mean SUV, and minimum SUV of the femoral head were measured.The ratios of the maximum SUV, mean SUV, and minimum SUV of the affected femoral head to the contralateral side were determined. Patients were followed up for > 1 year after the surgery. The SPECT/CT parameters were compared between patients who developed AVN and those who did not. The accuracy of SPECT/CT parameters for predicting AVN was assessed. Results: Six patients developed AVN. There was a significant difference in the ratio of the mean SUV among patients who developed AVN (mean ± SD, 0.8 ± 0.3) and those who did not (1.1 ± 0.2, p = 0.018). However, there were no significant differences in the ratios of the maximum and minimum SUV between the groups (all p = 0.205). For the maximum, mean, and minimum SUVs, no significant differences were observed between the groups (p = 0.519, 0.733, and 0.470, respectively). The cutoff mean SUV ratio of 0.87 yielded a 66.7% sensitivity and 93.2% specificity for predicting AVN. Conclusion Quantitative bone SPECT/CT is useful for evaluating femoral head viability in pediatric patients with SCFE or femoral neck fractures. Clinicians should consider the high possibility of later AVN development in patients with a decreased mean SUV ratio.

Chronic atherosclerotic occlusion of the abdominal aorta is a rare disease in clinical practice. In this disease, juxtarenal aortic occlusion is defined as the condition extended, adjacent to the renal arteries. The treatment of juxtarenal aortic occlusion is more difficult than a 'simple' abdominal aortic occlusion. Vascular surgery of a juxtarenal aortic occlusion-specifically aortic endarterectomy and bypass grafting-is a challenging procedure that almost invariably requires aortic cross-clamping above the level of the renal arteries, and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. With the advent of endovascular treatment, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation have been used increasingly as an alternative to conventional surgery in the management of patients with aortoiliac disease. However, endovascular treatment for juxtarenal aortic occlusion is not common and, also, special attention is needed with regard to possible renal complications. Here, we report the successful revascularization of a case of chronic juxtarenal aortic occlusion with endovascular treatment and adjunctive anticoagulation.
Angioplasty ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Endarterectomy ; Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Leriche Syndrome ; Rare Diseases ; Renal Artery ; Stents

Peripheral nerve injuries are a commonly encountered clinical problem and often result in a chronic pain and severe functional deficits. c-Fos expression is sometimes used as a marker of increased neuronal activity. We have developed herbal bath "HAC" for pain control using the following herbs: Harpagophytum procumbens, Atractylodes japonica, and Corydalis tuber. In the present study, we investigated the effects of herbal bath "HAC" on the recovery rate of the locomotor function and the expression of c-Fos in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) region of brain following sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. Walking track analysis for the evaluation of functional recovery and immunohistochemistry for the c-Fos expression were used for this study. In the present results, characteristic gait change with dropping of the sciatic function index (SFI) was observed and c-Fos expression in the vlPAG was suppressed following sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. Immersion into herbal bath "HAC" enhanced SFI value and restored c-Fos expression in the vlPAG to the control value. These results suggest that herbal bath "HAC" might activate neurons in the vlPAG, and it facilitates functional recovery from peripheral nerve injury. Here we showed that herbal bath "HAC" could be used as a new therapeutic intervention for pain control and functional recovery from peripheral nerve injury.
Animals ; Atractylodes ; Baths ; Brain ; Chronic Pain ; Corydalis ; Gait ; Harpagophytum ; Immersion ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurons ; Periaqueductal Gray ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Rats ; Track and Field ; Walking

PURPOSE: Total hydroperoxide (TH), free radical-mediated oxidation product can be used as a measure of free radical injury. The aim of the present study was to see if preterm newborns are at increased risk for oxidative stress compared with term newborns, and to determine whether oxidative stress during postnatal first 1 week is associated with clinical outcomes in preterm infants. METHODS: Serum TH levels of preterm infants (n=39) were compared with those of term infants (n=24) on the postnatal day 1. Among the preterm infants, serum TH levels of uncomplicated group (n=23) were also compared with those of complicated group (n=16) who developed oxygen radical related diseases on the postnatal day 1 and 7. Retrospective analysis was performed to find out risk factors for oxygen radical injuries based on birth history, laboratory data, neuroimaging findings and clinical progress in two preterm groups. RESULTS: Serum TH levels on postnatal day 1 were higher in the preterm infant group than the term infant group. Serum TH levels on postnatal day 1 in the complicated preterm infant group were significantly higher compared with uncomplicated group, but there was no significant difference in serum TH levels on postnatal day 7. Also, there was no significant difference in serum TH levels between uncomplicated preterm infants and term infants. Serum TH level on postnatal day 1 was independently associated with higher morbidity after adjusting for gestational age, Apgar score (5 min), arterial blood gas analysis. CONCLUSION: Complicated preterm newborns are at increased risk for oxidative stress compared with uncomplicated newborns and term newborns. Oxidative injury during the prenatal or postnatal day 1 is associated with adverse outcomes in preterm infants. Elevated TH levels on postnatal day 1 may have a value to predict clinical outcomes in preterm infants.
Apgar Score ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Neuroimaging ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygen ; Reproductive History ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Semicircular lipoatrophy is a rare entity characterized by atrophic cutaneous indentation, typically involving the anterolateral thigh of young women. Although many previous reports have failed to reveal underlying trauma histories, repeated external microtraumas seem to be the most plausible causal factor at present. We report a case of semicircular lipoatrophy which occurred on both thighs of a 23-year-old woman after she started a new job as a waitress in fast-food restaurant.
Female ; Humans ; Restaurants ; Thigh ; Young Adult

Initially described in young Japanese women, Kikuchi's disease predominantly produces histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis of the cervical lymph nodes along with fever; it always follows a benign course with excellent outcomes. Kikuchi's disease is rarely associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the microscopic features of Kikuchi's disease can be similar to lupus lymphadenitis. Patients with Kikuchi's disease should be assessed for SLE and have long-term follow-up evaluations for the development of SLE. We present a 21-year-old woman with tender multiple cervical lymphadenopathy and the clinical manifestations of SLE.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis* ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: HUS usually occurs in children after infection with shiga toxin-producing microorganism(D+HUS). In contrast, non-postdiarrheal(D-) HUS occurs at any age and has a high rate of relapse and a poor prognosis. The clinical presentation of D-HUS is similar to that of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(TTP). Recently severe deficiencies of ADAMTS13 were reported not only in TTP and D- HUS but also in D+ HUS during their acute phase. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the plasma ADAMTS13 activity in D+ and D-HUS. METHODS: Nineteen children with HUS(D+ HUS 12 and D- HUS 7) were enrolled. The assays of plasma ADAMTS13 activity were performed during the acute stage in the D+ HUS and at various stages of relapsing courses in the D- HUS patients by multimer assay, based on electrophoresis. RESULTS: The median plasma activity of ADAMTS13 in D+ HUS and D- HUS were 80.9%(37.8-132.4%) and 53.9%(1.0-94.1%), respectively, which were not statistically significantly different from control(86.4%, 34.2-112.3%)(P>0.05). One boy with D- HUS had severe deficiency of ADAMTS13(1.0%). His platelet count was normalized temporarily by fresh frozen plasma infusion. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that there is no significant difference of the plasma ADAMTS13 activity between D+ HUS, D- HUS and control. We detected severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 in one boy who presented with relapsing episodes of D- HUS. ADAMTS13 deficiency should be considered in the subgroup of D- HUS especially with early onset and recurrent courses. Plasma therapy can be beneficial in this subgroup.
Child ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma ; Platelet Count ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Various phonation patterns yield various voice characteristics. Voice therapy using nasal stimulatory sounds seems to facilitate phonation in voice disodered patients. Under the hypothesis that nasalance may be influenced by the pattern of phonation, we studied the relationship between nasalance and voice disorders by observing abnormal supraglottic movements and vocol cord gaps in phonation. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: There were 143 patients who complained of voice problems and showed abnormal false vocal cord movements under stroboscopy. In addition to the four previously described types of MTD (muscle tension dysphonia), we described two more types of MTD (V: false vocal cord contracted posteriorly, VI: false vocal cord dilated laterally). We measured the vocal cord gaps in phonation and analyzed nasalance. RESULTS: Among those groups showing the pattern of false vocal cord (MTD 1, 2, 4), the vocal cord gaps in phonation were increased and nasalance was significantly decreased in MTD types, III and IV, and showed a tendency to decrease in MTD types, II and V, compared to the normal group. CONCLUSION: The supraglottis has a tendency to contract as the vocal cord gap in phonation increases, and this movement reduces nasalance.
Dysphonia ; Humans ; Phonation* ; Stroboscopy ; Vocal Cords ; Voice ; Voice Disorders