OBJECTIVES: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize current evidence regarding the association of parity and duration of breastfeeding with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS: A systematic search of relevant studies published by December 31, 2015 was performed in PubMed and EMBASE. A random-effect model was used to obtain the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Thirty-two studies had parity categories of 1, 2, and ≥3. The summary RRs for EOC were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.79), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.65), and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.41 to 0.52), respectively. Small to moderate heterogeneity was observed for one birth (p<0.01; Q=59.46; I²=47.9%). Fifteen studies had breastfeeding categories of <6 months, 6-12 months, and >13 months. The summary RRs were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.87), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81), and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.79), respectively. Only small heterogeneity was observed for <6 months of breastfeeding (p=0.17; Q=18.79, I²=25.5%). Compared to nulliparous women with no history of breastfeeding, the joint effects of two births and <6 months of breastfeeding resulted in a 0.5-fold reduced risk for EOC. CONCLUSIONS: The first birth and breastfeeding for <6 months were associated with significant reductions in EOC risk.
Birth Order ; Breast Feeding* ; Female ; Humans ; Joints ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Parity* ; Parturition ; Population Characteristics ; Reproduction ; Risk Factors

The consensus guideline development committee of Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology was reconvened in March 2012. The committee consisted of 36 experts representing 12 university hospitals and professional organizations. The objective of this committee was to develop standardized guidelines for cervical cancer screening tests for Korean women and to distribute these guidelines to every clinician, eventually improving the quality of medical care. Since the establishment of the consensus guideline development committee, evidence-based guidelines have either been developed de novo considering specific Korean situations or by adaptation of preexisting consensus guidelines from other countries. Recommendations for cervical cancer screening tests, management of atypical squamous and glandular cells, and management of low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were developed. Additionally, recommendations for human papillomavirus DNA testing and recommendations for adolescent and pregnant women with abnormal cervical screening test results were also included.
Adolescent ; Consensus ; DNA ; Female ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Pregnant Women ; Societies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study were to investigate the self-reported quality of life and family burden and to examine the factors associated with the quality of life in patients with cancer. METHODS: 216 patients participated in the cross-sectional study. The European Group of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Family Burden Scale were sent by mail to 2,000 cancer patients. Two hundred and sixteen patients answered the questionnaire. The stepwise multiple regression was conducted to analyze predictors of overall quality of life. RESULTS: All subscales of EORTC QLQ-C30 were significantly correlated with family burden. The regression analysis of patients with cancer revealed some variables as significant predictors; performance, perceived severity, family burden, time since diagnosis, and sex. CONCLUSION: The results offer a number of recommendations for future research and nursing practice focused on primary care for patients with cancer and their family for improving quality of life.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nursing ; Postal Service ; Primary Health Care ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Ota's nevus, characterized by the presence of melanocytes in the dermis, has been familiar among dermatologists, but the etiology, the pathophysiology, the clinical and histological classification are not entirely clear. To understand and elucidate them, more clinical studies and researches are necessary. OBJECT: The aim of this study was to document the clinical and histopathological features of Ota's nevus. METHODS: We examined 299 patients with Ota's nevus who visited the dermatology clinic in Korea from February 1993 to August 2003. Among them, 188 patients were biopsied. All the specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. We examined the age & sex distribution, age of onset, seasonal variation, associated skin diseases, aggravating factors and color. We clinically classified Ota's nevus into 4 types according to Tanino's classification and histologically into 5 types based on the pattern of pigmentation. RESULTS: 1. The ratio of male and female was 1: 3. 2. The peak age of onset was at birth (28.4%) and puberty (24.8%). 3. Seasonal variation was observed with distinct aggravation in the summer (60%). 4. The associated diseases were 9 cases of persistent mongolian spot, 6 cases of nevus flameus, 4 cases of blue nevus, 3 cases of vitiligo, 3 cases of nevus of Ito, 2 cases of atopic dermatitis, 2 cases of psoriasis, 2 cases of cafe au late macules and 2 cases of contact dermatitis. 5. The aggravating factors were sunlight (35.8%), emotional stress (21.0%), menstruation (12.6%), cold exposure (9.5%), pregnancy (9.5%), fatigue (9.5%) and chemical agents (2.1%). 6. The color of lesions were blue black (36.8%), brown (34.8%), dark brown (16.1%) and slate (11.0%). 7. All cases were classified according to Tanino's METHODS: type Ia (23.1%), type Ib (20.1%), type II (26.7%), type III (9.4%), type IV (20.7%). 8. The histological subtypes of Ota's nevus were classified as: the superficial type (35.6%); the middermis type (5.9%), the superficial-middermis type (18.6%); the mid-lower dermis type (2.7%); the diffuse type was composed of the superficial dominant type (19.7%), the middermis dominant type (4.8%), the dispersed (true diffuse) type (12.2%) and the deep dominant type (0.5%). 9. In the relation between histological types and the color of the lesion: the superficial type had 31 cases of brown color, 15 cases of blue black color, 11 cases of dark brown color and 9 cases of slate color; the middermis type had 6 cases of blue black color and 2 cases of dark brown color, query number of cases of slate color; the superficial-middermis type had 12 cases of blue black color, 10 cases of dark brown color, 7 cases of brown color and 6 cases of slate color: the mid-lower dermis type had 3 cases of blue black color; for the diffuse type, the superficial dominant type had 13 cases of brown color, query number of cases of blue black color and 7 cases of dark brown color; the mid-dermis dominant type had 4 cases of brown color, query number of cases of dark brown color, the dispersed type had 14 cases of blue black color and 5 cases of brown color; the deep dominant type had 1 case of blue black color. CONCLUSION: The histological reclassification of Ota's nevus may be very useful in making a therapeutic prognosis of the disease.
Adolescent ; Age of Onset ; Classification ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatology ; Dermis ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Fatigue ; Female ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Melanocytes ; Menstruation ; Mongolian Spot ; Nevus ; Nevus of Ota* ; Nevus, Blue ; Parturition ; Pigmentation ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Psoriasis ; Puberty ; Seasons ; Sex Distribution ; Skin Diseases ; Stress, Psychological ; Sunlight ; Vitiligo

Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma is a rare, benign condition. The histological criteria of folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma have been well established by Kimura et al. We report two cases of folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma which showed typical histological findings. As far as we know, it has not yet been reported in Korean dermatological literature. The first case is a 23-year-old man who had a pedunculated nodule on the scalp. The second one is a 46-year-old man who had a bean sized pedunculated nodule on the left cheek.
Cheek ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The nevus of Ota is a benign dermal melanocytic lesion that was previously proved difficult to treat. Recently, the Q-switched ruby laser and Q-switched Nd: YAG laser have been reported to by, successful in the treatment of benign pigmented lesions and tattos. OBJECTIVE: Our study evaluates the treatment of 60 patients with nevus of Ota with Q-switched Nd: YAG lase (l064nm). METHOD: Sixty patients with nevus of Ota were treated by the Q-switched Nd: YAG laser with pulse width 10nsec, and energy fluences ranging from 5.8 to 12J/cm and the laser repetition rate was 5 or 10Hz. The response to treatment was assessed by four independent investigators with photographs. RESULTS: 1. Total therapeutic effects of Q-switched Nd: YAG laser showed excellent result in 23.3%, good in 45%, fair in 18,3%, and poor in 13.3%. 2. Therapeutic effects by distribution proposed by Tanino showed excellent or good results in 84.6% at type Ia, 78.6% at, type Ib, 66.7% at type II, 60% at type III and 45.5% at type N. 3. Therapeutic effects by the number of treatments showed excellent or good results in 22.2% of patients after one treatment, 72.7% after two treatments, 93.3% after three treatments and 100% after four treatment. 4. Therapeutic effects by energy showed excellent or good results in 9.2% at energy range of 10 to 12J/arl and 66.6%, at energy range of 5.8-9.5J/cm. 5. Complications included transient hyperpigmentation (6.7% ), secondary bacterial infection (1.7 %), hypopigmentation (1.7%) and atrophic scar (1.7%). However these subsided spontaneously in a year. 6. The recurrence rate was 2.4%. CONCLUSION: The Q-switched Nd: YAG laser is a very effective mode of treatment for nevus of Ota which has provent unresponsive to other therapeutic modalities.
Bacterial Infections ; Cicatrix ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypopigmentation ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Nevus of Ota* ; Nevus* ; Recurrence ; Research Personnel

Skin tags are very common skin tumors in middle age. In spite of their frequent occurrence, there was no reported cases of verruca vulgaris developing on the soft fibroma. We report a case of verruca vulgaris developing on the bag-like skin tag. We think that the incidence of HPV infection on the large skin tags may be higher than on normal skin due to their protrusion and repetitive irritation.
Fibroma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Skin* ; Warts*

Nevus flammeus is a benign but cosmetically devascating congenital inalformation involving mature capillaries. The copper vapor laser is a therapeutic device which had been newly applied to this. Yellow copper vapor light is absorbed by the intraluminal oxyhemoglobulin mo ecules, leading to the destruction of blood vessels. This study was undertaken to evaluate the histobigic findings in a patient with nevus flammeus according to the sequential time after copper vapor laser therapy. The results were as followed, One hour after treatment, nonspecific damages to the epidermis and upper part of the dermis were observed. The specific damage to the vessels which showed thrombi formations and partial disruption of the vessel walls was prominent. One cay after treatment, degeneration of the epidermis and sepaiation of the dermoepidermal junction were apparent. Three days after treatment, extravasations of a small amount of erythrocytes and inflanimatory cell infiltrations were present, especially around the vessels. Seven days after treatment, the capillaries showed a deposition of fiorinoid material around themselves. Partial disappearance of the vessel walls was seen. There was hisi ologic evidence of the replacement of abnormal ectatic vessels by normal appearing vessels with small uminal diameters, surrounded by endothelial cells.
Blood Vessels ; Capillaries ; Copper* ; Dermis ; Endothelial Cells ; Epidermis ; Erythrocytes ; Humans ; Lasers, Gas* ; Nevus* ; Port-Wine Stain*

Angiofibroma is a disfiguring facial deformity that constitutes pait of the multiple system involvement in tuberous sclerosis. We describe eight affected patients who have been treated with:arbon dioxide laserabration and subsequent copper vapor later treatment for residual angiomatous component, which resulted in conspicious cosmetic improvement without scarring or recurrence. This report documents that the treatment with carbon dioxide later and subsequent copper vapor laser is an efficient and safe remedy for treating multiple facial angioibromas.
Angiofibroma* ; Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Copper* ; Humans ; Lasers, Gas* ; Recurrence ; Tuberous Sclerosis

No abstract available.
Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Lasers, Gas* ; Vulva*