Coronary CT-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) is a noninvasive alternative to invasive FFR for assessing the hemodynamic significance of coronary artery stenosis. CT-FFR uses routinely acquired coronary CT angiography (CCTA) with artificial intelligence and computational fluid dynamics to estimate pressure gradients, thereby supporting clinical decisionmaking without procedural risk. Adoption and implementation vary widely across regions. In Asia, South Korea exclusively uses HeartMedi+, which enables rapid analysis, streamlined workflow integration, and high user satisfaction. Japan relies primarily on FFR CT, which has national reimbursement and significantly influences treatment strategies, reducing unnecessary invasive procedures. Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam remain in early or exploratory phases due to cost, reimbursement, and infrastructure barriers. In the United States, CT-FFR is guideline-endorsed and reimbursed, where HeartFlow is the most widely used, supported by robust clinical validation and outcome data. Despite regional variability, CTFFR offers a noninvasive solution that enhances patient management, reduces unnecessary invasive testing, and is poised for broader clinical integration as technology and validation advance.

Objective: To explain process of developing basic veterinary clinical performance guidelines, based on frequently observable clinical manifestations, thereby supporting competencybased veterinary education in Korea. Methods: A structured review of learning outcomes established by Korean Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges (KAVMC) was conducted by a planning committee including veterinary educators, practitioners, and advisory members. Owner-oriented descriptions were used to frame each performance task, and each was mapped to corresponding learning outcomes. These tasks were aligned with learning outcomes recommended by the KAVMC to support the development of communication, clinical reasoning, and performance-related competencies among veterinary students, thereby enhancing day-one clinical readiness. Results: In total, 63 clinical manifestations for a guidebook format that can be used for clinical education were identified and categorized by organ systems that are described in language understandable to animal owners. Conclusions and Relevance: The basic veterinary clinical performance guidelines based on common clinical manifestations would serve as a vital component in veterinary education to reinforce core graduation competencies.

Vertical positioning of dental implants relative to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the adjacent teeth is essential for maintaining peri-implant bone stability and long-term success. This retrospective study evaluated how the vertical distance from the CEJ affects peri-implant bone loss in patients who had implants positioned at various distances from the CEJ. Bone loss was evaluated using panoramic radiographs over a 2-year follow-up period, with additional consideration of factors such as smoking and diabetes. Implants positioned >4 mm away from the CEJ exhibited a higher mean bone loss; however, this difference was not significant. Smoking significantly influenced bone loss, whereas diabetes and jaw location had no significant effect. These results highlight the potential influence of vertical implant positioning on peri-implant bone health and highlight the importance of appropriate maintenance care to reduce bone loss and ensure long-term implant survival.

Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in South Korea, imposing substantial physical, emotional, and financial burdens on patients and society. Despite the high burden of symptom and complex care needs of HF patients, palliative care and hospice services remain underutilized in South Korea due to cultural, institutional, and knowledge-related barriers. This position statement from the Korean Society of Heart Failure emphasizes the need for integrating palliative and hospice care into HF management to improve quality of life and support holistic care for patients and their families. By clarifying the role of palliative care in HF and proposing practical referral criteria, this position statement aims to bridge the gap between HF and palliative care services in South Korea, ultimately improving patient-centered outcomes and aligning treatment with the goals and values of HF patients.

Purpose: We evaluated the short-term efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid (HA) eye drops over a 1-month observational period in patients treated with different HA concentrations for dry eye disease. Methods: This prospective, non-interventional, multicenter observational study included patients aged ≥ 19 years who were diagnosed with dry eye at participating medical institutions and treated with HA eye drops (Xenobella SD; ChongKunDang Pharm., Seoul, Korea). In total, 886 eyes from 886 patients were analyzed. Efficacy was evaluated by changes in tear film break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining score, dry eye severity, ocular discomfort scale, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) from baseline to 1 month after treatment. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess efficacy according to age, contact lens use, and HA concentration. Safety was evaluated using a questionnaire on adverse events. Results: After 1 month of treatment, all dry eye parameters―ocular surface staining score, TBUT, ocular discomfort scale, OSDI, and dry eye severity―improved significantly. Subgroup analyses revealed greater improvement in selected parameters, including TBUT, among patients <60 years, contact lens users, and those treated with higher concentrations of HA (0.18% or 0.3%), compared to patients aged ≥60 years, non–contact lens users, and those receiving the lower concentration of HA (0.1%). Only five mild adverse events were reported. Conclusions This 1-month observational study demonstrated that HA eye drops significantly improved both signs and symptoms of dry eye with minimal adverse events. Therapeutic benefits were more pronounced in younger patients, contact lens users, and those treated with higher HA concentrations (≥0.18%).

Tooth autotransplantation and surgical extrusion can preserve natural dentition, but outcomes are often compromised under nonideal periodontal conditions. The viability of the periodontal ligament (PDL) is essential for regeneration. This case series introduces a zonebased approach of donor–recipient interfaces: zone I (intact PDL and bone), II (one intact, one damaged), and III (both damaged).Three cases involving hemisection, intentional replantation with rotation, and autotransplantation were managed by repositioning the tooth to maximize zones I and II while minimizing zone III. After 5–12 months, probing depths decreased by 2–4 mm, Periotest values improved, and radiographs confirmed bone stability. This approach consistently transformed unfavorable zone III interfaces into more biologically favorable contacts. A zone-based repositioning strategy leveraging residual PDL may promote periodontal healing even under compromised conditions. Further prospective studies are needed to validate this system.

The Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging-Practical Tutorial (ASCI-PT) is an instructional initiative of the ASCI School designed to enhance educational standards. In 2021, the ASCI-PT was convened with the goal of formulating a consensus statement on the assessment of coronary stenosis and coronary plaque using coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Nineteen experts from four countries conducted thorough reviews of current guidelines and deliberated on eight key issues to refine the process and improve the clarity of reporting CCTA findings. The experts engaged in both online and on-site sessions to establish a unified agreement. This document presents a summary of the ASCI-PT 2021 deliberations and offers a comprehensive consensus statement on the evaluation of coronary stenosis and coronary plaque in CCTA.

The study was conducted to examine the prevalence and degree of peri-implantitis in implant-supported bridges compared to splinted crowns in 3-unit and 4-unit posterior edentulous areas. A total of 229 implant sites from 79 patients who had received implants at the Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital were evaluated. The observation period ranged from 2 to 12 years. Patient characteristics and implant-related factors were investigated. After surgery and prosthetic treatment, radiographic evaluations were performed. Also, to identify factors that could affect the prognosis of the implants, Fisher’s exact tests and chi-square were used. In addition, the mean distance between crestal bone levels and implant platform was compared between implant-supported bridges and splinted crowns using the Mann-Whitney U test. No statistically significant differences were found in the mean distances between implant platforms and bone levels in either restoration type. The prevalence of peri-implantitis was 15% in splinted crowns and 13% in bridges, with restoration type showing no significant association. However, middle implant showed the highest rate of peri-implantitis compared to other positions. Furthermore, bone augmentation and implant sites (maxilla or mandible) showed significant association with peri-implantitis. In conclusion, restoration type does not influence the prevalence or severity of peri-implantitis, but implant position affect the rate of peri-implantitis. Clinicians should consider bone quality when choosing between implant-supported bridges and splinted crowns.

Recent technical innovation enables faster and more reliable cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging than before.Artificial intelligence is used in improving image resolution, fast scanning, and automated analysis of CMR. Fast CMR techniques such as compressed sensing technique enable fast cine, perfusion, and late gadolinium-enhanced imaging and improve patient throughput and widening CMR indications. CMR feature-tracking technique gives insight on diastolic function parameters of ventricles and atria with prognostic implications. Myocardial parametric mapping became to be included in the routine CMR protocol. CMR fingerprinting enables simultaneous quantification of myocardial T1 and T2. These parameters may give information on myocardial alteration in the preclinical stages in various myocardial diseases. Four-dimensional flow imaging shows hemodynamic characteristics in or through the cardiovascular structures visually and gives quantitative values of vortex, kinetic energy, and wall-shear stress. In conclusion, CMR is an essential modality in the diagnosis of various cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial diseases. Recent progress in CMR techniques promotes more widespread use of CMR in clinical practice. This review summarizes recent updates in CMR technologies and clinical research.