Objective To analyze the influenza-like illness (ILI) data in Ordos City from 2017 to 2023 and conduct nucleic acid detection of the virus to understand the local influenza epidemic situation, and to provide a reliable basis for influenza prevention and control in the city. Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to identify virus subtypes in ILI throat swab samples. Comparisons of positive rates were conducted using the chi-square test, with a significance level of α=0.05. Results From 2017 to 2023, a total of 3,283,434 outpatient and emergency visits were recorded at the Ordos City Central Hospital, including 74,159 ILI cases, with an ILI proportion of 2.26%. The majority of ILI cases (74.43%) occurred in children aged 0~14 years old. The overall positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid detection was 10.87%, with the highest proportion being subtype A (seasonal H3) at 43.03%. The highest detection rate was observed in the 5~14 years age group, with statistically significant differences in positive rates across age groups (χ²=155.638, P<0.001). Influenza peaks occurred mainly from November to March of the following year. From January to April, three types of influenza were prevalent alternately or mixed, while from October to December, subtype A (seasonal H3) predominated. Positive rates varied significantly across months (χ²=250.923, P<0.001). The temporal trends of ILI proportions and PCR-positive rates were consistent. Conclusion Influenza in Ordos City exhibits distinct seasonal and age distribution characteristics, with alternating or mixed circulation of three virus types. Continued efforts are needed to strengthen influenza surveillance, especially the prevention and control of influenza in infants and adolescents.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib combined with sintilimab versus atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma （uHCC）， aims to provide real-world evidence for clinical personalized treatment. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 78 patients with uHCC who were admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital， Capital Medical University， from January 1， 2023， to May 31， 2025， and according to the treatment modality， they were divided into lenvatinib+sintilimab group （L+S group with 49 patients） and atezolizumab+bevacizumab group （A+T group with 29 patients）. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS）， and the secondary endpoints included objective response rate （ORR）， disease control rate （DCR）， and the incidence rate of adverse events. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis， and the log-rank test was used for comparison between groups. ResultsThe 78 patients had a median PFS of 9 months and a median OS of 15 months. The median PFS was 11 months in the L+S group and 7 months in the A+T group， with no significant difference between the two groups （χ²=0.247， P=0.619）； the median OS was 19 months in the L+S group and 12 months in the A+T group， with a significant difference between the two groups （χ²=6.565， P=0.010）. There were no significant differences between the two groups in complete remission， partial remission， stable disease， disease progression， DCR， and ORR （all P>0.05）. The L+S group had a significantly higher incidence rate of adverse events than the A+T group （95.9% vs 75.9%， P=0.007）， and there was a significant difference in the incidence rate of grade ≥3 adverse events between the L+S group and the A+T group （65.3% vs 34.5%， P=0.008）. ConclusionCompared with atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab， lenvatinib combined with sintilimab can improve the OS of patients with uHCC， while atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab has a better safety profile.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanisms through which Si Junzitang （SJZD） ameliorates Alzheimer's disease （AD） induced by scopolamine （SCOP） in mice and the PC12 cell model induced by H₂O₂ based on the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） signaling pathway. MethodsIn the animal experiments， an AD model was established in mice by intraperitoneal injection of SCOP （3 mg·kg^-1）. Morris water maze and open field tests （OFT） were conducted to assess learning and memory abilities. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were performed to observe pathological changes in neurons. Immunofluorescence was used to detect amyloid β-protein_1-42 （Aβ_1-42） expression， and immunohistochemistry was employed to detect phosphorylated （p）-Tau expression. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe ultrastructural changes in hippocampal neurons and synapses. Biochemical methods were used to measure the levels of acetylcholine （ACh）， acetylcholinesterase （AChE）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， catalase （CAT）， and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）. Real-time PCR and Western blot were employed to measure the mRNA and protein levels of molecules in the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the hippocampus. In the cell experiments， a PC12 cell model of oxidative damage model was established with H₂O₂. Cell count kit-8 （CCK-8） assays and flow cytometry were adopted to measure cell viability and apoptosis rates， and Western blot was employed to quantify the expression levels of proteins in the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. ResultsThe animal experiments showed that compared with the model group， the SJZD and donepezil groups showed shortened escape latency （P<0.01）， increased time in the target quadrant and platform crossings， and increased movement distance and duration in the central area of the open field （P<0.05， P<0.01）. HE and Nissl staining showed more organized neurons and increased Nissl bodies in the drug intervention groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the Aβ_1-42 and p-Tau expression levels were downregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. TEM revealed reduced ultrastructural damage in hippocampal neurons and synapses in the drug intervention groups. In addition， the drug intervention groups showed declined levels of MDA， LDH， and AChE （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated levels of SOD， CAT， and ACh （P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced Keap1 expression and increased Nrf2， HO-1， and NQO1 expression in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The cell experiments showed that compared with the model group， the SJZD-containing serum increased the cell viability （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased total apoptosis rates （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The drug intervention groups showed upregulated protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and downregulated protein level of Keap1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSJZD demonstrates protective effects against SCOP-induced AD in mice and H₂O₂-induced damage in PC12 cells through antioxidant mechanisms mediated by the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab versus sintilimab combined with bevacizumab biosimilar in the treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） in a real-world setting， and to provide a reference for clinical practice. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 130 patients with unresectable HCC who were treated in Beijing Ditan Hospital， Capital Medical University， from January 2020 to January 2026， and all patients received the first-line systemic therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with bevacizumab or its biosimilar. According to the treatment regimen， the patients were divided into atezolizumab+bevacizumab group （T+A group with 51 patients） and sintilimab+bevacizumab biosimilar group （Shuangda group with 79 patients）. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival （PFS）， and secondary endpoints included objective response rate （ORR）， disease control rate （DCR）， and safety profile. The independent-samples t test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of continuous data between the two groups， and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis， and the Log-rank test was used for comparison between groups. ResultsThe T+A group had a median PFS of 297.00 days （95% confidence interval ［CI］： 195.44 — 398.56）， and the Shuangda group had a median PFS of 236.00 days （95%CI： 165.10 — 306.90）， with no significant difference between the two groups （P=0.668）. There were no significant differences between the T+A group and the Shuangda group in ORR （56.9% vs 45.6%， χ²=1.581， P=0.209）， DCR （76.5% vs 77.2%， χ²=0.010， P=0.922）， and the incidence of adverse events （96.08% vs 94.94%， P>0.05）. ConclusionFor unresectable HCC patients without prior systemic treatment， atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab can achieve a comparable PFS to sintilimab combined with bevacizumab biosimilar.

Objective To investigate the association between lifestyle and risk of heart disease and diabetes in the elderly population in Xi'an City. Methods From January 2021 to January 2024, a staged cluster sampling method was used to investigate the lifestyle and the occurrence of heart disease and diabetes in elderly population aged 60 years and above in the communities of Xi'an. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lifestyle and the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Results A total of 413 elderly people were investigated, of which 31.96% had heart disease, 27.12% had diabetes, and 10.90% had diabetes with heart disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, BMI, family history, sweet food preference, smoking, and sitting and lying for a long time were risk factors for diabetes in the elderly population (P<0.05). Age, BMI, family history, history of diabetes, preference for salted products, smoking, drinking, and sitting and lying for a long time were risk factors for heart disease in the elderly population (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence rates of heart disease and diabetes are high in the elderly population in Xi'an City. The risk of diabetes is related to unhealthy lifestyles such as sweet food preference, smoking, and sitting and lying for a long time, while heart disease is related to unhealthy lifestyles such as preference for salted products, smoking, drinking, and sitting and lying for a long time.

Objective: To explore the association between dietary patterns and overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students, so as to provide the guidance of diet balance and obesity prevention for students. Methods: Students from 11 primary and middle schools in Tongzhou District, Beijing Municipality, were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method. Demographic information was collected through a general questionnaire, and dietary intake types and frequencies over the past week were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis, and the dietary pattern factor scores were divided into Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups based on quartiles. Height and weight were collected through physical examinations, and Z-scores of body mass index adjusted for gender and age were calculated to assess overweight and obesity. The association between dietary patterns and overweight and obesity was analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 485 students were surveyed, including 745 males (50.17%) and 740 females (49.83%). The mean age was (12.87±2.86) years. Three dietary patterns were identified: animal and plant protein dietary pattern, high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern, and vegetable-fruit-dairy dietary pattern. The detection rates of overweight and obesity were 42.57%, 48.42%, and 34.75%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the vegetable-fruit-dairy dietary pattern, the animal and plant protein dietary pattern (OR=1.406, 95%CI: 1.084-1.823) and the high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern (OR=2.137, 95%CI: 1.643-2.779) were associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students. Compared with the Q1 group of dietary pattern factor scores, the Q3 group (OR=1.631, 95%CI: 1.206-2.208) and Q4 group (OR=1.965, 95%CI: 1.446-2.671) of the high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern had an increased risk of overweight and obesity, while the Q4 group of the vegetable-fruit-dairy dietary pattern (OR=0.551, 95%CI: 0.406-0.747) had a reduced risk of overweight and obesity. There was no statistical association between factor scores of animal and plant protein dietary pattern and overweight and obesity (all P>0.05). Conclusions The animal and plant protein dietary pattern and the high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern are associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students. Within the same dietary pattern, the more inclined students are to the high-fat and high-sugar dietary pattern, the higher their risk of overweight and obesity, while the more inclined they are to the vegetable-fruit-dairy dietary pattern, the lower their risk of overweight and obesity.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Ephedra-Cinnamomum couplet medicinals on respiratory function and airway inflammation in rats with asthma of cold-fluid retention in lung syndrome and its mechanism. METHODS Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， dexamethasone group [1 mg/（kg·d）]， and Ephedra-Cinnamomum low-， medium-， high-dose groups [0.234， 0.936， 1.872 g/（kg·d）]， with 10 rats in each group. The model and treatment groups were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of antigen solution （ovalbumin 100 mg + aluminum hydroxide 100 mg） and challenged with 1% ovalbumin nebulization， along with exposure to a cold environment and ingestion of cold water， to establish the asthma model with cold-fluid retention in lung syndrome. From day 2， rats received corresponding drugs or normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 21 consecutive days. The general behavioral changes in each group of rats were observed during the experimental process. The lung function parameters [peak expiratory flow （PEF）， airway resistance （Raw）， functional residual capacity （FRC）， expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity （EF50%）] Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（No.82004233）； were measured before modeling and after the last medication as well as serum contents of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-13， tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α） and interferon-gamma （IFN- γ） after the last medication were determined； the histopathological morphological changes in the lung tissues of rats were also observed； mRNA expressions of IL-6， IL-3， TNF-α， IFN-γ， thymic stromal lymphopoietin （TSLP）， and Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， as well as protein expressions of TSLP and TLR4 were determined in lung tissue. RESULTS Compared with model group， the lung tissue damage of rats was relieved significantly； Raw， FRC， the contents and mRNA expression levels of IL-6， IL-13 and TNF-α， as well as the mRNA and protein expressions of TSLP and TLR4 were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）， while the contents and mRNA expressions of PEF， EF50 % and IFN-γ were significantly increased in the dexamethasone group and Ephedra-Cinnamomum medium- and high-dose groups （P＜0.05）. Moreover， only a few rats in the two groups exhibited typical symptoms of asthma. CONCLUSIONS Ephedra-Cinnamomum couplet medicinals improve respiratory function and ameliorate airway inflammation in asthma rats with cold-fluid retention in lung syndrome， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting TSLP/TLR4 signaling pathway and modulating Th1/Th2 imbalance.

Background and Objectives: The Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular UltrasoundGuided Intervention Strategy for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Intermediate Stenosis (FLAVOUR) trial demonstrated non-inferiority of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI. We sought to investigate the cost-effectiveness of FFR-guided PCI compared to IVUS-guided PCI in Korea. Methods: A 2-part cost-effectiveness model, composed of a short-term decision tree model and a long-term Markov model, was developed for patients who underwent PCI to treat intermediate stenosis (40% to 70% stenosis by visual estimation on coronary angiography).The lifetime healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated from the healthcare system perspective. Transition probabilities were mainly referred from the FLAVOUR trial, and healthcare costs were mainly obtained through analysis of Korean National Health Insurance claims data. Health utilities were mainly obtained from the Seattle Angina Questionnaire responses of FLAVOUR trial participants mapped to EQ-5D. Results: From the Korean healthcare system perspective, the base-case analysis showed that FFR-guided PCI was 2,451 U.S. dollar lower in lifetime healthcare costs and 0.178 higher in QALYs compared to IVUS-guided PCI. FFR-guided PCI remained more likely to be cost-effective over a wide range of willingness-to-pay thresholds in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Based on the results from the FLAVOUR trial, FFR-guided PCI is projected to decrease lifetime healthcare costs and increase QALYs compared with IVUS-guided PCI in intermediate coronary lesion, and it is a dominant strategy in Korea.

Probiotics play a crucial role in colon cancer treatment by metabolizing prebiotics to generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Colon cancer patients are frequently propositioned to supplement with probiotics to enhance the conversion and utilization of prebiotics. Nevertheless, the delivery and colonization of probiotics is hindered by the harsh conditions of gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Here, we devised a straightforward yet potent modified prebiotic-based "shield" (Gelatin-Inulin, GI), employing dietary inulin and natural polymer gelatin crosslinked via hydrogen bonding for enveloping Lactobacillus reuteri (Lr) to formulate synbiotic hydrogel capsules (Lr@Gl). The GI "shield" serves as a dynamic barrier, augmenting the resistance of Lr to gastric acid and facilitating its bioactivity and adherence in the GIT, synergizing with Lr to elicit an anti-tumor effect. Simultaneously, Lr@GI demonstrates anti-tumor effects by depleting glutathione to release reactive oxygen species, accompanied by the activation of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3), and the induction M1 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, Lr@GI can not only promote the recovery of intestinal barrier but also regulate intestinal flora, promoting the production of SCFAs and further exerting anti-tumor effect. Crucially, Lr@GI also potentiates the anti-tumor effect of 5-Fluorouracil. The construction and synergistic anti-tumor mechanism of synbiotic hydrogel capsules system provide valuable insights for gut microbial tumor therapy.

Background and Objectives: The Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular UltrasoundGuided Intervention Strategy for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Intermediate Stenosis (FLAVOUR) trial demonstrated non-inferiority of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI. We sought to investigate the cost-effectiveness of FFR-guided PCI compared to IVUS-guided PCI in Korea. Methods: A 2-part cost-effectiveness model, composed of a short-term decision tree model and a long-term Markov model, was developed for patients who underwent PCI to treat intermediate stenosis (40% to 70% stenosis by visual estimation on coronary angiography).The lifetime healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated from the healthcare system perspective. Transition probabilities were mainly referred from the FLAVOUR trial, and healthcare costs were mainly obtained through analysis of Korean National Health Insurance claims data. Health utilities were mainly obtained from the Seattle Angina Questionnaire responses of FLAVOUR trial participants mapped to EQ-5D. Results: From the Korean healthcare system perspective, the base-case analysis showed that FFR-guided PCI was 2,451 U.S. dollar lower in lifetime healthcare costs and 0.178 higher in QALYs compared to IVUS-guided PCI. FFR-guided PCI remained more likely to be cost-effective over a wide range of willingness-to-pay thresholds in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Based on the results from the FLAVOUR trial, FFR-guided PCI is projected to decrease lifetime healthcare costs and increase QALYs compared with IVUS-guided PCI in intermediate coronary lesion, and it is a dominant strategy in Korea.