The endometrial thickness is a crucial indicator for pregnancy success. Thin endometrium is typically related to low clinical pregnancy and live birth rate. Current research indicates that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that recognized as a cytokine and growth factor, which may support the establishment of endometrial receptivity during embryo implantation through promoting angiogenesis, embryo adhesion, and trophoblast invasion, thus increasing the endometrial thickness and clinical pregnancy rate. However, there are still conflicts about the efficacy of G-CSF. Therefore, identifying the pathological mechanism of thin endometrium and how G-CSF promotes endometrial thickness and receptivity has clinical significance. This article will review the progress on clinical research and molecular mechanism of G-CSF in treating thin endometrium.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, its application in embryo evaluation is becoming more and more extensive. This article reviews the main progress of AI in embryo evaluation in recent years, including image recognition, embryo quality evaluation and outcome prediction. AI models can effectively analyze large-scale embryo image data and identify morphological features, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of evaluation. In addition, AI can also integrate images and clinical data to provide individualized embryo evaluation strategies. While AI shows promising potential in embryo evaluation, challenges remain in model interpretability and clinical application standardization. Future study needs to explore the application potential of AI in embryo evaluation in depth to promote the development and innovation of reproductive medicine.

The endometrial thickness is a crucial indicator for pregnancy success. Thin endometrium is typically related to low clinical pregnancy and live birth rate. Current research indicates that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that recognized as a cytokine and growth factor, which may support the establishment of endometrial receptivity during embryo implantation through promoting angiogenesis, embryo adhesion, and trophoblast invasion, thus increasing the endometrial thickness and clinical pregnancy rate. However, there are still conflicts about the efficacy of G-CSF. Therefore, identifying the pathological mechanism of thin endometrium and how G-CSF promotes endometrial thickness and receptivity has clinical significance. This article will review the progress on clinical research and molecular mechanism of G-CSF in treating thin endometrium.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, its application in embryo evaluation is becoming more and more extensive. This article reviews the main progress of AI in embryo evaluation in recent years, including image recognition, embryo quality evaluation and outcome prediction. AI models can effectively analyze large-scale embryo image data and identify morphological features, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of evaluation. In addition, AI can also integrate images and clinical data to provide individualized embryo evaluation strategies. While AI shows promising potential in embryo evaluation, challenges remain in model interpretability and clinical application standardization. Future study needs to explore the application potential of AI in embryo evaluation in depth to promote the development and innovation of reproductive medicine.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is the means to solve the fertility problem of infertile patients. The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology defines the success criteria for ART treatment as "single pregnancy and full-term healthy infants without ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome". Therefore, ovarian hyperstimulation rate and multiple pregnancy rate are core clinical risk indicators for ART. We should strengthen the monitoring of clinical risk indicators for ART, and construct a closed-loop system for risk prevention and strategy optimization for high-risk populations. It will reduce the iatrogenic complications related to ART in infertile women, and promote the orderly development of ART.

Adipose progenitor cells(APCs) represent a prominent stromal cellular component of adipose tissue and are now identified as highly heterogenous populations. However, the role of APCs in regulating systemic metabolism remains unknown. Using single cell RNA-sequencing, we investigated the role of the APC subpopulations in regulating development of type 2 diabetes. CD9 + CD55 low APCs are the novel subset identified in this study, which is significantly increased in type 2 diabetic patients. Transplantation of these cells from type 2 diabetic patients into adipose tissue caused glycemic disturbance in mice. Depletion of pathogenic APCs improved obesity-related glycemic disturbance. Collectively, our data provide deeper insights into human APC functionality and highlights APCs as a potential therapeutic target to combat type 2 diabetes. This study has been published in Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1): 4827.

Objective To investigate the current status,evolving hotspots,and emerging trends in the field of human re-source allocation research in public hospitals,both domestically and internationally,to provide a reference for future research di-rections in China.Methods CiteSpace was used to conduct a visual analysis of the research literature on human resource alloca-tion in public hospitals based on China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and the Web of Science(WOS).The analysis encompassed co-authorship,institutional collaboration,keyword co-occurrence and clustering,and burst detection.Results A total of 1 417 Chinese articles and 981 international articles were included.Domestic research in this field focused more on healthcare reform and management,resource allocation,hierarchical diagnosis,and treatment,and informatization and efficiency improvement.On the contrary,international research primarily centered on the employee satisfaction,healthcare system quality,work environment and medical staff.Future trends in domestic research included cost reduction,efficiency enhancement,and a greater emphasis on public welfare in public hospitals,while international research was beginning to explore the influence of polit-ical concepts in this field.Conclusion Compared to international research,domestic research needs to further improve its theo-retical and localized understanding,broaden its research scope,explore the interdisciplinary collaboration opportunities,and delve into research directions such as the application of artificial intelligence and automation technology in healthcare services,management of a diverse workforce,and innovative management techniques and applications.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is the means to solve the fertility problem of infertile patients. The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology defines the success criteria for ART treatment as "single pregnancy and full-term healthy infants without ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome". Therefore, ovarian hyperstimulation rate and multiple pregnancy rate are core clinical risk indicators for ART. We should strengthen the monitoring of clinical risk indicators for ART, and construct a closed-loop system for risk prevention and strategy optimization for high-risk populations. It will reduce the iatrogenic complications related to ART in infertile women, and promote the orderly development of ART.

Objective:To investigate the association between serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 371 middle-aged and young obese patients who were hospitalized and underwent liver puncture in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2016 to April 2021 were included. The population was divided into control group ( n=43) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) group ( n=328) based on the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. Subjects in NAFLD group were further divided into non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) ( n=60), uncertain-NASH ( n=172), and NASH ( n=96). Serum SHBG was tested in patients with NAFLD who were divided into three subgroups according to tertiles. The liver pathological characteristics in different SHBG level subgroups were compared. The risk factors of NASH were analyzed by logistic regression. The prediction model of NASH noninvasive diagnosis was established by forward stepwise regression, and the diagnostic value of non-invasive model for NASH was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:The median age in patients were (32±10) years old with a body mass index of (39.16±6.58) kg/m2, including 236 females (63.6%). Serum SHBG level [ M ( Q1, Q3)] in NAFLD group was significantly lower than that in control group [16.90 (11.43, 23.00) vs. (23.45 (15.40, 31.22) mmol/L, P<0.05], and progressively diminished in NAFL, uncertain-NASH and NASH subgroups [(22.24±10.47), (20.57±19.58), (15.80±8.74) mmol; P for trend<0.05]. Compared with the high-leveled SHBG subgroup, the steatosis score (2.09±0.80 vs. 1.51±0.72, P<0.01) and lobular inflammation score (1.10±0.68 vs. 0.85±0.68, P<0.05) were significantly higher in the low-leveled SHBG group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that lower serum SHBG level was an independent risk factor for NASH ( OR=2.527, 95% CI: 1.296 to 4.928, P<0.05). The area under ROC curve of SHBG combined with aspartate aminotransferase in predicting NASH in NAFLD patients was 0.752 (95% CI: 0.696 to 0.809). Conclusion:Low serum SHBG level is associated with NASH.

Advances in genetic testing field have contributed to the boom in carrier screening technology. Expanded carrier screening can effectively identify more high-risk couples than traditional guideline-based carrier screening. The introduction of extended carrier screening has increased the number of referrals for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for monogenic disease and enriched the types of disease diagnosed. Expanded carrier screening combined with PGT technology is changing the clinical strategy of genetic risk assessment and preventing birth defects by accurately identifying reproductive risk information and rationalizing fertility planning.