Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive complication among patients with diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known to play a role in kidney disease, thus this study aimed to determine their role in the development of diabetic kidney disease using diabetic murine models. Results: Protein and histological analyses revealed that db/db mice and streptozotocin DN models expressed no significant NET-related proteins, myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), neutrophil elastase, and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly6G). However, the inflamed individuals in the DN model showed that citH3 and Ly6G were highly deposited in the renal system based on immunohistochemistry images. In vitro, NET treatment did not induce apoptosis in glomerular endothelial and renal tubular epithelial cells. NET inhibition by DNase administration demonstrated no significant changes in cell apoptosis. Conclusions NET-related proteins were only expressed in the DN model with tubulointerstitial inflammation. Our study revealed that NETs are only induced in mice with hyperglycemia-induced inflammation.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive complication among patients with diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known to play a role in kidney disease, thus this study aimed to determine their role in the development of diabetic kidney disease using diabetic murine models. Results: Protein and histological analyses revealed that db/db mice and streptozotocin DN models expressed no significant NET-related proteins, myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), neutrophil elastase, and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly6G). However, the inflamed individuals in the DN model showed that citH3 and Ly6G were highly deposited in the renal system based on immunohistochemistry images. In vitro, NET treatment did not induce apoptosis in glomerular endothelial and renal tubular epithelial cells. NET inhibition by DNase administration demonstrated no significant changes in cell apoptosis. Conclusions NET-related proteins were only expressed in the DN model with tubulointerstitial inflammation. Our study revealed that NETs are only induced in mice with hyperglycemia-induced inflammation.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is difficult to characterize and classify on simple radiographs. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reliability of simple radiography and computed tomography (CT) for detecting and classifying HO after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). It was hypothesized that CT would provide more reliable results than simple radiography. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 30 patients who underwent RSA performed by a single surgeon. Patients were included if they had both postoperative simple radiographs and CT images taken immediately after surgery and at 1 year after surgery and if they had completed clinical assessment at least 1 year after surgery. We first evaluated the intraobserver and interobserver reliability for the detection of the presence of HO and Modified Brooker’s classification both on simple radiographs and CT scans with the use of Kappa statistics. Then, we analyzed the correlation of HO observed in simple radiographs and CT scans with clinical outcomes. All radiographic evaluations were performed by 2 independent reviewers in random orders with 3 weeks of intervals. Results: The intraobserver reliability outcomes of both reviewers in simple radiography and CT were almost perfect or perfect for the detection of HO and classification. However, CT images improved the interobserver reliability for the detection of HO (kappa value for simple radiographs [KXR ] = 0.6018 and kappa value for CT [KCT ] = 0.8316) and classification (KXR = 0.5300 and KCT = 0.6964).At a mean follow-up of 25 months (range, 12–54 months), clinical scores were not significantly different according to the presence of HO based on simple radiographs. However, when CT images were used, the University of California, Los Angeles score and physical component score of short-form 36-item health survey were significantly lower in patients with HO than in patients without HO (27.0 vs. 30.4, p = 0.045 and 57.6 vs. 70.7, p = 0.034, respectively). Conclusions Both simple radiography and CT provided excellent intraobserver reliability for detecting and classifying HO after RSA. Compared to simple radiography, CT tended to improve interobserver reliability and defined the presence and severity of HO more clearly.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is difficult to characterize and classify on simple radiographs. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reliability of simple radiography and computed tomography (CT) for detecting and classifying HO after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). It was hypothesized that CT would provide more reliable results than simple radiography. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 30 patients who underwent RSA performed by a single surgeon. Patients were included if they had both postoperative simple radiographs and CT images taken immediately after surgery and at 1 year after surgery and if they had completed clinical assessment at least 1 year after surgery. We first evaluated the intraobserver and interobserver reliability for the detection of the presence of HO and Modified Brooker’s classification both on simple radiographs and CT scans with the use of Kappa statistics. Then, we analyzed the correlation of HO observed in simple radiographs and CT scans with clinical outcomes. All radiographic evaluations were performed by 2 independent reviewers in random orders with 3 weeks of intervals. Results: The intraobserver reliability outcomes of both reviewers in simple radiography and CT were almost perfect or perfect for the detection of HO and classification. However, CT images improved the interobserver reliability for the detection of HO (kappa value for simple radiographs [KXR ] = 0.6018 and kappa value for CT [KCT ] = 0.8316) and classification (KXR = 0.5300 and KCT = 0.6964).At a mean follow-up of 25 months (range, 12–54 months), clinical scores were not significantly different according to the presence of HO based on simple radiographs. However, when CT images were used, the University of California, Los Angeles score and physical component score of short-form 36-item health survey were significantly lower in patients with HO than in patients without HO (27.0 vs. 30.4, p = 0.045 and 57.6 vs. 70.7, p = 0.034, respectively). Conclusions Both simple radiography and CT provided excellent intraobserver reliability for detecting and classifying HO after RSA. Compared to simple radiography, CT tended to improve interobserver reliability and defined the presence and severity of HO more clearly.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive complication among patients with diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known to play a role in kidney disease, thus this study aimed to determine their role in the development of diabetic kidney disease using diabetic murine models. Results: Protein and histological analyses revealed that db/db mice and streptozotocin DN models expressed no significant NET-related proteins, myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), neutrophil elastase, and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly6G). However, the inflamed individuals in the DN model showed that citH3 and Ly6G were highly deposited in the renal system based on immunohistochemistry images. In vitro, NET treatment did not induce apoptosis in glomerular endothelial and renal tubular epithelial cells. NET inhibition by DNase administration demonstrated no significant changes in cell apoptosis. Conclusions NET-related proteins were only expressed in the DN model with tubulointerstitial inflammation. Our study revealed that NETs are only induced in mice with hyperglycemia-induced inflammation.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive complication among patients with diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known to play a role in kidney disease, thus this study aimed to determine their role in the development of diabetic kidney disease using diabetic murine models. Results: Protein and histological analyses revealed that db/db mice and streptozotocin DN models expressed no significant NET-related proteins, myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), neutrophil elastase, and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly6G). However, the inflamed individuals in the DN model showed that citH3 and Ly6G were highly deposited in the renal system based on immunohistochemistry images. In vitro, NET treatment did not induce apoptosis in glomerular endothelial and renal tubular epithelial cells. NET inhibition by DNase administration demonstrated no significant changes in cell apoptosis. Conclusions NET-related proteins were only expressed in the DN model with tubulointerstitial inflammation. Our study revealed that NETs are only induced in mice with hyperglycemia-induced inflammation.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is difficult to characterize and classify on simple radiographs. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reliability of simple radiography and computed tomography (CT) for detecting and classifying HO after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). It was hypothesized that CT would provide more reliable results than simple radiography. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 30 patients who underwent RSA performed by a single surgeon. Patients were included if they had both postoperative simple radiographs and CT images taken immediately after surgery and at 1 year after surgery and if they had completed clinical assessment at least 1 year after surgery. We first evaluated the intraobserver and interobserver reliability for the detection of the presence of HO and Modified Brooker’s classification both on simple radiographs and CT scans with the use of Kappa statistics. Then, we analyzed the correlation of HO observed in simple radiographs and CT scans with clinical outcomes. All radiographic evaluations were performed by 2 independent reviewers in random orders with 3 weeks of intervals. Results: The intraobserver reliability outcomes of both reviewers in simple radiography and CT were almost perfect or perfect for the detection of HO and classification. However, CT images improved the interobserver reliability for the detection of HO (kappa value for simple radiographs [KXR ] = 0.6018 and kappa value for CT [KCT ] = 0.8316) and classification (KXR = 0.5300 and KCT = 0.6964).At a mean follow-up of 25 months (range, 12–54 months), clinical scores were not significantly different according to the presence of HO based on simple radiographs. However, when CT images were used, the University of California, Los Angeles score and physical component score of short-form 36-item health survey were significantly lower in patients with HO than in patients without HO (27.0 vs. 30.4, p = 0.045 and 57.6 vs. 70.7, p = 0.034, respectively). Conclusions Both simple radiography and CT provided excellent intraobserver reliability for detecting and classifying HO after RSA. Compared to simple radiography, CT tended to improve interobserver reliability and defined the presence and severity of HO more clearly.

Purpose: Due to the shortage of lung donors relative to the number of patients waiting for lung transplantation (LTx), more than one-third of patients on the waitlist have died without receiving LTx in Korea. Therefore, the importance of fair and effective allocation policies has been emphasized. This study investigated the characteristics of the current urgency-based allocation system in Korea by simulating the Eurotransplant lung allocation score (ET-LAS) using a nationwide multi-institutional registry for LTx in Korea. Materials and Methods: This study used data from the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry (KOTRY), along with additional retrospective data for ET-LAS calculation. A total of 194 patients were included in this study between January 2015 and December 2019. The Korean urgency definition classifies an LTx candidate as having statuses 0–3 according to urgency. The ET-LAS was analyzed according to the Korean urgency status. Results: In total, 92 patients received lung transplants at status 0, 85 at status 1, and 17 at status 2/3. The ET-LAS showed a bimodal distribution with distinct peaks corresponding to status 0 and non-status 0. There was no significant difference in the ET-LAS among non-status 0 patients. In logistic and decision tree analyses, oxygen supplementation methods, particularly oxygen masks and high-flow nasal cannulas, were significantly associated with a high ET-LAS (≥50) among non-status 0 patients. Conclusion Simulation of the ET-LAS with KOTRY data showed that the Korean urgency definition may not allocate lungs by urgency, especially for patients in non-status 0; therefore, it needs to be revised.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is difficult to characterize and classify on simple radiographs. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reliability of simple radiography and computed tomography (CT) for detecting and classifying HO after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). It was hypothesized that CT would provide more reliable results than simple radiography. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 30 patients who underwent RSA performed by a single surgeon. Patients were included if they had both postoperative simple radiographs and CT images taken immediately after surgery and at 1 year after surgery and if they had completed clinical assessment at least 1 year after surgery. We first evaluated the intraobserver and interobserver reliability for the detection of the presence of HO and Modified Brooker’s classification both on simple radiographs and CT scans with the use of Kappa statistics. Then, we analyzed the correlation of HO observed in simple radiographs and CT scans with clinical outcomes. All radiographic evaluations were performed by 2 independent reviewers in random orders with 3 weeks of intervals. Results: The intraobserver reliability outcomes of both reviewers in simple radiography and CT were almost perfect or perfect for the detection of HO and classification. However, CT images improved the interobserver reliability for the detection of HO (kappa value for simple radiographs [KXR ] = 0.6018 and kappa value for CT [KCT ] = 0.8316) and classification (KXR = 0.5300 and KCT = 0.6964).At a mean follow-up of 25 months (range, 12–54 months), clinical scores were not significantly different according to the presence of HO based on simple radiographs. However, when CT images were used, the University of California, Los Angeles score and physical component score of short-form 36-item health survey were significantly lower in patients with HO than in patients without HO (27.0 vs. 30.4, p = 0.045 and 57.6 vs. 70.7, p = 0.034, respectively). Conclusions Both simple radiography and CT provided excellent intraobserver reliability for detecting and classifying HO after RSA. Compared to simple radiography, CT tended to improve interobserver reliability and defined the presence and severity of HO more clearly.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive complication among patients with diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known to play a role in kidney disease, thus this study aimed to determine their role in the development of diabetic kidney disease using diabetic murine models. Results: Protein and histological analyses revealed that db/db mice and streptozotocin DN models expressed no significant NET-related proteins, myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), neutrophil elastase, and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly6G). However, the inflamed individuals in the DN model showed that citH3 and Ly6G were highly deposited in the renal system based on immunohistochemistry images. In vitro, NET treatment did not induce apoptosis in glomerular endothelial and renal tubular epithelial cells. NET inhibition by DNase administration demonstrated no significant changes in cell apoptosis. Conclusions NET-related proteins were only expressed in the DN model with tubulointerstitial inflammation. Our study revealed that NETs are only induced in mice with hyperglycemia-induced inflammation.