Objective: This study aimed to validate the reliability and validity of the Diagnostic Interview for the Internet Addiction Scale (DIA) among Korean children and adolescents in the clinical setting. Methods: We collected the clinical data from university hospitals in South Korea and 194 children and adolescents (aged 7–18 years) completed the questionnaire. The content validity was conducted on 10 items of the DIA and an internal consistency test was performed for the verification of reliability. Results: Participants on average, aged 13.17 years (standard deviation=2.46), and 75.3% (n=146) were boys. The DIA was highly correlated with the scores of the Korean scale for Internet addiction for adolescents, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Internet addiction proneness scale for children and adolescents. The overall sampling suitability of the 10-item scale was tested using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin, resulting in a high value of 0.861. The DIA revealed a two-factor structure and the Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient for the total scale was 0.806. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable model fit (root-mean square error of approximation=0.058, comparative fit index=0.950, and Tucker-Lewis Index=0.919). Conclusion The DIA may suggest in-depth-scale examinations of the factors that influence Internet addiction. We may expect that DIA would be used efficiently for the diagnosing of Internet addiction and further studies for the assessment.

The rapid advancement of digital dentistry has enabled the integration of digital technologies into full-mouth rehabilitation, improving communication between clinicians and dental technicians while greatly enhancing treatment efficiency.This case report details the treatment of a patient with severe tooth erosion and wear, where full-mouth rehabilitation with an increase in vertical dimension was planned. Four digital tools‒an intraoral scanner, facial scanner, T-scan, and Jaw Motion Analyzer‒were used to collect and integrate data, which were then utilized to create a virtual patient through CAD software for the design and fabrication of the prosthesis. The effective use of these digital technologies supported the achievement of a stable occlusion and resulted in both functional and esthetic outcomes. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of a digital workflow in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of the treatment process, producing clinically satisfactory results.

Patients with ectodermal dysplasia often have atrophied alveolar bone and an inadequate maxillomandibular relationship owing to congenital edentulism.Accurate implant placement that can overcomes anatomical limitations and orthognathic surgery to improve the maxillomandibular relationship is necessary for creating implant-supported prosthesis for these patients. Implant placement and provisional prosthesis fabrication before orthognathic surgery can provide critical fixed reference points and ensure accuracy during orthognathic surgery.In our patient, a digital system was used to design a surgical guide that considered the predictable position of the definitive prosthesis, allowing the placement of implants to overcome anatomical limitations and the creation of fixed reference points via the delivery of a provisional prosthesis for effective orthognathic surgery. The lack of compensation during orthognathic surgery was considered in the definitive prosthesis. As a result, a prosthesis with a minimal anterior cantilever was fabricated. This study aimed to determine the appropriate sequence of multidisciplinary collaborations that would, result in the best functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Background: Chronic pain significantly affects daily activities, mental health, and the interpersonal relationships of patients. Consequently, physicians use various treatments to manage pain. This study investigated the perceptions of treatment, accompanying symptoms, and other problems in patients with chronic pain. Methods: The authors enrolled patients with chronic pain from 19 university hospitals in South Korea. Data was collected on age, gender, diagnosis, disease duration, severity of pain, perception of pain treatment, and accompanying symptoms or problems using an anonymous survey comprising 19 questions. Results: In total, 833 patients with chronic pain completed the survey, and 257 (31.0%) and 537 (64.5%) patientsexpressed concerns about the potential adverse effects of medication and opioid addiction, respectively. Personalitychanges such as irritability or anger were the most frequent accompanying symptoms in 507 (63.8%) patients, followed by depression and sleep disturbance in 462 (58.1%) and 450 (54.5%) patients, respectively. Depression (P = 0.001) and anxiety (P = 0.029) were more common among women, whereas divorce (P = 0.016), family conflict (P < 0.001), unemployment (P < 0.001), suicide attempts (P < 0.001), and restrictions on economic activity (P < 0.001) were more common among men. The frequency of accompanying symptoms, except for suicidal ideation,was higher in the younger patients aged ≤ 40 years than in the older patients aged > 40 years. Conclusions Many patients with chronic pain had concerns about adverse effects or medication tolerance and experienced anxiety, depression, or sleep disturbances. The prevalence of accompanying problems varies according to age and gender.

Background: We investigated whether nutritional intake is associated with physical activity (PA) and handgrip strength (HGS) in individuals with airflow limitation. Methods: This study analyzed data from the 2014 and 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We assessed total protein intake (g/day), caloric intake (kcal/day), and other nutritional intakes, using a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. HGS was measured three times for each hand using a digital grip strength dynamometer, and PA was assessed as health-enhancing PA. Airflow limitation was defined as a forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity ratio of 0.7 in individuals over 40 years of age. Participants were categorized into groups based on their PA levels and HGS measurements: active aerobic PA vs. non-active aerobic PA, and normal HGS vs. low HGS. Results: Among the 622 individuals with airflow limitation, those involved in active aerobic PA and those with higher HGS had notably higher total food, calorie, water, protein, and lipid intake. The correlations between protein and caloric intake with HGS were strong (correlation coefficients=0.344 and 0.346, respectively). The forest plots show that higher intakes of food, water, calories, protein, and lipids are positively associated with active aerobic PA, while higher intakes of these nutrients are inversely associated with low HGS. However, in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, no significant associations were observed between nutritional intake and active aerobic PA or HGS. Conclusion Nutritional intake was found to not be an independent factor associated with PA and HGS. However, the observed correlations suggest potential indirect effects that warrant further investigation.

Background: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)–nuclear factor erythroid- 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway is a major regulator protecting cells from oxidative and metabolic stress. Studies have revealed that this pathway is involved in mediating resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy; however, its implications in oncogene-addicted tumors are largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate whether this pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: We measured the baseline expression of NRF2 using EGFR-mutant parental cells and acquired gefitinib resistant cells. We investigated whether NRF2 inhibition affected cell death in vitro and tumor growth in vivo using a xenograft mouse model, and compared the transcriptional changes before and after NRF2 inhibition. Results: Baseline NRF2 expression was enhanced in PC9 and PC9 with gefitinib resistance (PC9/GR) cells than in other cell lines, with a more prominent expression in PC9/ GR. The NRF2 inhibitor induced NRF2 downregulation and cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Cotreatment with an NRF2 inhibitor enhanced osimertinib-induced cell death in vitro, and potentiated tumor growth inhibition in a PC9/GR xenograft model. Finally, RNA sequencing revealed that NRF2 inhibition resulted in the altered expression of multiple genes involved in various signaling pathways. Conclusion We identified that NRF2 inhibition enhanced cell death and inhibited tumor growth in tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant lung cancer with EGFR-mutation. Thus, NRF2 modulation may be a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome the resistance to EGFR-TKIs.

Purpose: This study evaluated the educational impact of an artificial intelligence (AI)–based decision support system for breast ultrasonography (US) on medical professionals not specialized in breast imaging. Methods: In this multi-case, multi-reader study, educational materials, including American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) descriptors, were provided alongside corresponding AI results during training. The AI system presented results in the form of AIheatmaps, AI scores, and AI-provided BI-RADS assessment categories. Forty-two readers evaluated the test set in three sessions: the first session (S1) occurred before the educational intervention, the second session (S2) followed education without AI assistance, and the third session (S3) took place after education with AI assistance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and overall performance, were compared between the sessions. Results: The mean sensitivity increased from 66.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.2% to 73.7%) to 88.7% (95% CI, 84.1% to 93.3%), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001), and the AUC non-significantly increased from 0.664 (95% CI, 0.606 to 0.723) to 0.684 (95% CI, 0.620 to 0.748) (P=0.300). Both measures were higher in S2 than in S1. The AI-achieved AUC was comparable to that of the expert reader (0.747 [95% CI, 0.640 to 0.855] vs. 0.803 [95% CI, 0.706 to 0.900], P=0.217). Additionally, with AI assistance, the mean AUC for inexperienced readers was not significantly different from that of the expert reader (0.745 [95% CI, 0.660 to 0.830] vs. 0.803 [95% CI, 0.706 to 0.900], P=0.120). Conclusion The mean AUC and sensitivity improved after incorporating AI into breast US education and interpretation. AI systems with high-level performance for breast US can potentially be used as educational tools in the interpretation of breast US images.

Incidentally detected gallbladder polyps (GBPs) and gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. However, characterizing GBPs and GBWT in asymptomatic patients can be challenging and may result in overtreatment, including unnecessary follow-ups or surgeries. The Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology (KSAR) Clinical Practice Guideline Committee has developed expert recommendations that focus on standardized imaging interpretation and follow-up strategies for both GBPs and GBWT, with support from the Korean Society of Radiology and KSAR. These guidelines, which address 24 key questions, aim to standardize the approach for the interpretation of imaging findings, reporting, imaging-based workups, and surveillance of incidentally detected GBPs and GBWT. This recommendation promotes evidence-based practice, facilitates communication between radiologists and referring physicians, and reduces unnecessary interventions.