Purpose: This study examined the direct effects of fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression on anxiety in pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy-related conditions and their husbands. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression in the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety. Methods: A survey-based study was conducted among pregnant women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy conditions at 24–32 weeks and their husbands, recruited from a pregnant women’s online community between January 20, 2021 and July 20, 2022. Data were collected from 294 individuals (147 couples) using self-report questionnaires. Correlations between variables were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp.), and the mediation effects were assessed using the PROCESS macro, model 6. Results: In the maternal model, maternal-fetal attachment directly affected anxiety (p=.005), with antepartum depression partially mediating this relationship (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.26 to –0.01). In the paternal model, paternal-fetal attachment had no direct effect on anxiety (p=.458). However, social support and antepartum depression fully mediated the relationship between paternal-fetal attachment and anxiety (95% CI, –0.14 to –0.03). Conclusion The findings indicate that social support in the relationship between fetal attachment and depression in high-risk pregnant women and their partners can have direct or indirect effects on the negative emotions of high-risk pregnant couples. It is necessary to assess the level of anxiety in couples experiencing high-risk pregnancies and provide comprehensive nursing interventions that address fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression in order to reduce anxiety.

Purpose: : This study examined the effects of a multimodal intervention (earplugs, eye patches, and aromatherapy) on sleep quality and duration in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and the feasibility of the intervention to address sleep disturbances. Methods: : This experimental study comprised a nonequivalent control group and non-synchronized design. The participants included 50 adult patients admitted to the ICU with an internal medicine diagnosis who did not receive postoperative care. The intervention was conducted on a random day from 10 pm to 5 am the following morning. Subjective sleep quality was measured using the Korean version of the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and objective sleep duration was recorded using a smartwatch (Galaxy Watch 5; Samsung Electronics). Data were collected from September 2023 to March 2024 and analyzed using a t-test, χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and analysis of covariance. Results: : The multimodal intervention significantly improved the subjective andobjective measures of sleep quality. The experimental group had higher scores on sleep depth, falling asleep, sleeping without awakening, returning to sleep, and overall sleep quality. Objective measures revealed longer total sleep time, actual sleep time, light sleep, and deep sleep in the experimental group, with no differences in rapid eye movement sleep, sleep efficiency, or ratio of awakening. Conclusion : The multimodal sleep intervention effectively improved patients’ sleep quality and duration, demonstrating the feasibility of using multimodal interventions to improve sleep quality in clinical settings.

Purpose: This study examined the direct effects of fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression on anxiety in pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy-related conditions and their husbands. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression in the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety. Methods: A survey-based study was conducted among pregnant women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy conditions at 24–32 weeks and their husbands, recruited from a pregnant women’s online community between January 20, 2021 and July 20, 2022. Data were collected from 294 individuals (147 couples) using self-report questionnaires. Correlations between variables were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp.), and the mediation effects were assessed using the PROCESS macro, model 6. Results: In the maternal model, maternal-fetal attachment directly affected anxiety (p=.005), with antepartum depression partially mediating this relationship (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.26 to –0.01). In the paternal model, paternal-fetal attachment had no direct effect on anxiety (p=.458). However, social support and antepartum depression fully mediated the relationship between paternal-fetal attachment and anxiety (95% CI, –0.14 to –0.03). Conclusion The findings indicate that social support in the relationship between fetal attachment and depression in high-risk pregnant women and their partners can have direct or indirect effects on the negative emotions of high-risk pregnant couples. It is necessary to assess the level of anxiety in couples experiencing high-risk pregnancies and provide comprehensive nursing interventions that address fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression in order to reduce anxiety.

Purpose: : This study examined the effects of a multimodal intervention (earplugs, eye patches, and aromatherapy) on sleep quality and duration in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and the feasibility of the intervention to address sleep disturbances. Methods: : This experimental study comprised a nonequivalent control group and non-synchronized design. The participants included 50 adult patients admitted to the ICU with an internal medicine diagnosis who did not receive postoperative care. The intervention was conducted on a random day from 10 pm to 5 am the following morning. Subjective sleep quality was measured using the Korean version of the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and objective sleep duration was recorded using a smartwatch (Galaxy Watch 5; Samsung Electronics). Data were collected from September 2023 to March 2024 and analyzed using a t-test, χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and analysis of covariance. Results: : The multimodal intervention significantly improved the subjective andobjective measures of sleep quality. The experimental group had higher scores on sleep depth, falling asleep, sleeping without awakening, returning to sleep, and overall sleep quality. Objective measures revealed longer total sleep time, actual sleep time, light sleep, and deep sleep in the experimental group, with no differences in rapid eye movement sleep, sleep efficiency, or ratio of awakening. Conclusion : The multimodal sleep intervention effectively improved patients’ sleep quality and duration, demonstrating the feasibility of using multimodal interventions to improve sleep quality in clinical settings.

Purpose: This study examined the direct effects of fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression on anxiety in pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy-related conditions and their husbands. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression in the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety. Methods: A survey-based study was conducted among pregnant women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy conditions at 24–32 weeks and their husbands, recruited from a pregnant women’s online community between January 20, 2021 and July 20, 2022. Data were collected from 294 individuals (147 couples) using self-report questionnaires. Correlations between variables were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp.), and the mediation effects were assessed using the PROCESS macro, model 6. Results: In the maternal model, maternal-fetal attachment directly affected anxiety (p=.005), with antepartum depression partially mediating this relationship (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.26 to –0.01). In the paternal model, paternal-fetal attachment had no direct effect on anxiety (p=.458). However, social support and antepartum depression fully mediated the relationship between paternal-fetal attachment and anxiety (95% CI, –0.14 to –0.03). Conclusion The findings indicate that social support in the relationship between fetal attachment and depression in high-risk pregnant women and their partners can have direct or indirect effects on the negative emotions of high-risk pregnant couples. It is necessary to assess the level of anxiety in couples experiencing high-risk pregnancies and provide comprehensive nursing interventions that address fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression in order to reduce anxiety.

Purpose: : This study examined the effects of a multimodal intervention (earplugs, eye patches, and aromatherapy) on sleep quality and duration in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and the feasibility of the intervention to address sleep disturbances. Methods: : This experimental study comprised a nonequivalent control group and non-synchronized design. The participants included 50 adult patients admitted to the ICU with an internal medicine diagnosis who did not receive postoperative care. The intervention was conducted on a random day from 10 pm to 5 am the following morning. Subjective sleep quality was measured using the Korean version of the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and objective sleep duration was recorded using a smartwatch (Galaxy Watch 5; Samsung Electronics). Data were collected from September 2023 to March 2024 and analyzed using a t-test, χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and analysis of covariance. Results: : The multimodal intervention significantly improved the subjective andobjective measures of sleep quality. The experimental group had higher scores on sleep depth, falling asleep, sleeping without awakening, returning to sleep, and overall sleep quality. Objective measures revealed longer total sleep time, actual sleep time, light sleep, and deep sleep in the experimental group, with no differences in rapid eye movement sleep, sleep efficiency, or ratio of awakening. Conclusion : The multimodal sleep intervention effectively improved patients’ sleep quality and duration, demonstrating the feasibility of using multimodal interventions to improve sleep quality in clinical settings.

Purpose: This study examined the direct effects of fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression on anxiety in pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy-related conditions and their husbands. Furthermore, it aimed to explore the serial mediation effects of social support and antepartum depression in the relationship between fetal attachment and anxiety. Methods: A survey-based study was conducted among pregnant women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancy conditions at 24–32 weeks and their husbands, recruited from a pregnant women’s online community between January 20, 2021 and July 20, 2022. Data were collected from 294 individuals (147 couples) using self-report questionnaires. Correlations between variables were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp.), and the mediation effects were assessed using the PROCESS macro, model 6. Results: In the maternal model, maternal-fetal attachment directly affected anxiety (p=.005), with antepartum depression partially mediating this relationship (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.26 to –0.01). In the paternal model, paternal-fetal attachment had no direct effect on anxiety (p=.458). However, social support and antepartum depression fully mediated the relationship between paternal-fetal attachment and anxiety (95% CI, –0.14 to –0.03). Conclusion The findings indicate that social support in the relationship between fetal attachment and depression in high-risk pregnant women and their partners can have direct or indirect effects on the negative emotions of high-risk pregnant couples. It is necessary to assess the level of anxiety in couples experiencing high-risk pregnancies and provide comprehensive nursing interventions that address fetal attachment, social support, and antepartum depression in order to reduce anxiety.

Purpose: : This study examined the effects of a multimodal intervention (earplugs, eye patches, and aromatherapy) on sleep quality and duration in intensive care unit(ICU)patients and the feasibility of the intervention to address sleep disturbances. Methods: : This experimental study comprised a nonequivalent control group and non-synchronized design. The participants included 50 adult patients admitted to the ICU with an internal medicine diagnosis who did not receive postoperative care. The intervention was conducted on a random day from 10 pm to 5 am the following morning. Subjective sleep quality was measured using the Korean version of the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and objective sleep duration was recorded using a smartwatch (Galaxy Watch 5; Samsung Electronics). Data were collected from September 2023 to March 2024 and analyzed using a t-test, χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and analysis of covariance. Results: : The multimodal intervention significantly improved the subjective andobjective measures of sleep quality. The experimental group had higher scores on sleep depth, falling asleep, sleeping without awakening, returning to sleep, and overall sleep quality. Objective measures revealed longer total sleep time, actual sleep time, light sleep, and deep sleep in the experimental group, with no differences in rapid eye movement sleep, sleep efficiency, or ratio of awakening. Conclusion : The multimodal sleep intervention effectively improved patients’ sleep quality and duration, demonstrating the feasibility of using multimodal interventions to improve sleep quality in clinical settings.

Purpose: Recent years have seen an increase in the number of pregnant women whose weight gain during pregnancy exceeds the recommended range. This study was intended to determine the relationships among demographic attributes, key perceptual factors, and gestational weight gain (GWG). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and July 2022. First-time pregnant women beyond 36 weeks of gestation who were recruited via social media completed an online survey. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, and logistic regression, all performed using SPSS software. Results: Of the 369 participants, 63 (17.1%) exceeded the recommended GWG guidelines, while 148 (40.1%) fell within the recommended range, and the remaining 158 (42.8%) had inadequate GWG.Being overweight or obese before pregnancy significantly increased the risk of excessive GWG (p < .001). This risk was also significantly greater for women with low internal weight locus of control (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.41~0.82), high external weight locus of control (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.31~2.34), and negative body image (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.51~0.75). Conclusion The growing trend of excessive GWG among pregnant women is influenced by a combination of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and perceptual factors, including weight locus of control and body image. These findings underscore the need to implement weight management intervention strategies before pregnancy, taking into consideration BMI, and to enhance positive body image and internal locus of control.