Background: According to a study by US scientists, 1/3 percent of the world’s population uses tobacco, and the use of tobacco has steadily decreased over the years, while the use of tobacco-like products, including electronic cigarettes, has increased rapidly. In order to combat this problem, it is necessary to assess the knowledge about e-cigarettes among young people, who are considered to be the main users of e-cigarettes. The lack of research on e-cigarettes is the basis for this study. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge of electronic cigarettes among Nursing students of the School of Nursing. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by randomly selecting 128 first-year Bachelor of Nursing students from the School of Nursing and taking a questionnaire. The results of the research were statistically processed using the IBM statistics SPSS-25.0 program. Results: Considering the age of the students in the study, 18 years old (41.4%), 19 years old (46.9%), and 20 years old (11.7%) were included. Regarding gender, 113 (88.3%) were female and 15 (11.7%) were male. 65 (50.8%) of the students are enrolled from Ulaanbaatar city, 63 (49.2%) from the local area. When assessing knowledge about electronic cigarettes, 100 (78.1%) had knowledge and 28 (21.9%) had no knowledge. Among students who smoke, 34 (87.2%) smoke e-cigarettes and 5 (12.8%) smoke cigarettes. Sex, where you started, and who you live with are irrelevant to e-cigarette use. But the smoking status is that 32 (36.0%) smoke by themselves with someone in the family who smokes, 7 (17.9%) smoke by themselves without a smoker in the family, friends smoke e-cigarettes 37 (34.3%) smoke by themselves, friends 2 (10%) are related to self-attractors who do not attract friends. (p=0.022) who the participants live with is the motivation for smoking. 36% of students who live with their parents smoke, while 64% of students who live apart from their parents smoke. 84.4% of respondents do not know that e-cigarettes contain propylene glycol, 15.6% do, 63.3% do not know that electronic cigarettes contain benzene, and 36.7% do. Conclusion The level of knowledge about electronic cigarettes among nursing students was insufficient. In addition, having family members or friends who smoke was found to influence students smoking behavior.

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) is a key indicator reflecting bone strength and resistance to fracture. It is influenced by multiple factors, including age, sex, genetic background, body composition, nutrition, and physical activity. During young adulthood, peak bone mass is actively formed; therefore, identifying early variations in this period is essential for predicting future skeletal health risks. Accordingly, assessing BMD and evaluating its relationship with physical characteristics among first-year nursing students provides a scientific rationale for this study. Aim: To examine the relationship between bone mineral density and selected physical parameters among students. Materials and Methods: A total of 297 first-year students aged 17-35 years from the School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences were included. Bone mineral density was assessed by measuring the speed of sound through the radius using an ultrasound bone densitometry device. Handgrip strength was measured using an electronic dynamometer. Physical parameters including age, sex, height, and body weight were measured using standardized procedures, and statistical analysis was performed. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of MNUMS on November 21, 2025 (No. 26/1) and March 28, 2026 (No. 26/03-B02), with no ethical violations identified. Results: According to T-scores, 37.1% (n=110) of participants had normal bone status and 62.9% (n=187) showed reduced bone density. Based on Z-scores, 52.5% (n=159) were normal, while 45.6% (n=138) had decreased values. T-score values were 1.87±0.69 (<20 years), 1.44±0.55 (20–30 years), and 1.10±0.31 (>30 years), while Z-score values were −0.73±1.38, −0.43±1.23, and −0.02±1.27, respectively. ANOVA analysis revealed statistically significant differences among age groups (p<0.01). A positive correlation was observed between T-score and age, whereas no significant correlations were found with other physical parameters. Z-score showed a positive correlation with handgrip strength. Conclusions 1. A high prevalence of reduced bone mineral density was observed among the students, which may be associated with incomplete attainment of peak bone mass in adolescents and young adults. 2. A significant difference in bone mineral density was found between age groups (p<0.01), indicating that age is an important factor influencing bone mineral density.

IntroductionThe degree to which the change of season influences mood, energy, sleep, appetite, food preference,and the wish to socialize has been called “seasonality” [1]. In 1984 Rosenthal and associatesdescribed the syndrome of “seasonal affective disorder” (SAD), a condition where depressions in falland winter alternate with non-depressed periods in the spring and summer [5]. Seasonal AffectiveDisorder (SAD) is supposed to be caused by lack of daylight in winter [6]. Ulaanbaatar city is thecoldest capital in compared with medium temperature of the world. That’s why, it is an idea that wesupposed to there might be a seasonal affective disorder in this city. There is nothing to be studiedbefore related to this topic and that is our goal of the study.GoalTo determine a seasonal affective disorder in the adults of Ulaanbaatar cityMaterials and MethodsIn this study, we examined 560 healthy people between 20-60 aged livings in the Ulaanbaatar cityusing by Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire.ResultGender distribution showed an increased incidence of females (56.1%, 314 cases) compared withmale (43.9%, 246 cases). Distribution by age groups shows that 20-29 years were 237 (42.3%),30-39 years were 99 (17.6%), 40-49 years were 132 (23.5%), and 50-59 years were 92 (16.4%).According to the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, below 8 score was 323 (57.6%), 9-10 score 53 (9.4%), over the 11 score 184 (33%).ConclusionAccording to the questionnaire of Seasonal pattern assessment, 33 percent were seasonal affectivedisorder. It means Mongolian people of Ulaanbaatar have Seasonal affective disorder.

Background. Prevalence of essential arterial hypertension is 60-80% among cardiovascular diseases and WHO reported that prevalence of essential arterial hypertension was 90-95% of arterial hypertension and 80% of hospitalized arterial hypertension patients. One of risk factors of essential arterial hypertension is (lack) deficiency of physical activity. Therefore we studied a benefit of exercise in essential arterial hypertension therapy. Methods. We examined blood lipid level and some of cardiovascular indicators of essential arterial hypertension patients such as arterial pressure, heart rate before and after treatment of exercise. Results. Prevalence of essential arterial hypertension was higher in the patients with obesity and overweight. Right high and low blood pressures were decreased from 154 to 141 and from 93 to 85, respectively. The other hand left high and low blood pressures were decreased from 154 to 138 and from 94 to 86, respectively. Heart rate was decreased from 76 to 71.9. Conclusions. Arterial pressure, heart rate and lipid level of the patients with essential arterial hypertension were significantly decreased after treated by exercise.