Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative treatment in selected patients with atraumatic medial sesamoid pain (MSP) that developed during sports activities. The secondary aim was to determine the detailed underlying pathology in patients who did not respond to conservative treatment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: From March 2015 to August 2022, we prospectively followed 27 patients who presented to our outpatient clinic with atraumatic sports-related MSP. The conservative treatment protocol for MSP included the use of oral analgesics, activity restriction, insole modification, local corticosteroid injections, and boot walker application with crutches. MRI was performed for all patients who experienced persistent pain despite the completion of conservative treatment. Results: After the completion of the conservative treatment protocol, 48.1% of the patients reported a reduction in pain. Patients with younger age at pain onset (p = 0.001), higher body mass index (p = 0.001), and a bipartite medial sesamoid (p = 0.010) were more likely to experience persistent pain after conservative treatment. The type of sports activity was also a factor since runningand dancing-related MSP tended to respond better to conservative treatment compared to MSP originating from golf, futsal, and weightlifting with squatting. On MRI, 42.8% of patients showed no specific abnormal findings, with signal changes in soft tissues such as the subcutaneous fat and bursa being the most common, followed by intraosseous signal changes of the medial sesamoid bone and chondral or subchondral lesions of the medial sesamoid metatarsal joint (28.6% each). Conclusions Conservative treatment was successful in less than half of the patients who experienced MSP due to sports activity. Practitioners should be aware of the numerous possible causes of conservative treatment failure, such as bursitis, medial sesamoiditis, stress fracture, or chondral lesions between the medial sesamoid and metatarsal. MRI evaluation may be helpful in MSP patients who do not respond to conservative treatment.

Purpose: To report the surgical results of the parapatellar approach for AO/OTA 33-C distal femoral intra-articular fractures. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with AO/OTA 33-C distal femoral intra-articular fracture were included. There were 11 cases of C2 and 10 cases of C3 fractures. The time of union and the coronal alignment were radiographically investigated. The complications related to surgery were clinically investigated, and a functional evaluation using the range of motion and Oxford knee score was performed to compare the surgical results according to fracture classification. Results: In all cases, sufficient articular exposure and anatomical reduction were achieved with the parapatellar approach. No cases of coronal malalignment, loss of reduction, and plate failure were noted. On the other hand, in four cases (19.0%), an autogenous bone graft was performed due to delayed union on the meta-diaphyseal fracture site. There were no differences in the radiological and clinical outcomes of the C2 and C3 fractures. The knee joint pain and Oxford knee score were poorer in the delayed union group than the normal union group. Conclusion The parapatellar approach is useful for achieving an anatomical reduction of the articular surface of the distal femur and minimally invasive plating technique. Although satisfactory surgical results could be obtained regardless of the degree of articular comminution, a study of the risk factors of delayed metaphyseal fusion may be necessary.

Purpose: We compared the radiological and clinical results of fixation for distal femoral fracture (DFF) using a locking compression plate (LCP) or a retrograde intramedullary nail (RIN). Materials and Methods: From October 2003 to February 2020, 52 cases of DFF with a minimum 1-year follow-up (with a mean follow-up of 19.1 months) were included: 31 were treated with LCP and 21 with RIN. The operation time, blood loss, and hospitalization period were compared, and the incidence of postoperative nonunion, malunion, delayed union and metal failure and other post-operative complications were evaluated and compared. Results: There was no significant difference in the operating time between the two groups, but the mean blood loss was significantly higher in the LCP group (LCP 683.5 ml vs RIN; 134.9 ml; p=0.015). In 49 out of 52 cases, bone union was achieved without additional surgery in an average of 6.8 months, and a complete union was achieved after additional surgery in three cases of nonunion (LCP 2 cases vs RIN 1 case; p=0.065). One case of malunion and superficial infection was confirmed in each group. Conclusion Internal fixation using LCP and RIN give good outcomes with a low complication rate and can therefore be considered useful surgical treatments for DFF.

We performed a revisionary open reduction and internal fixation for treating nonunion of the mid-shaft of the left clavicle with an autogenous cancellous bone graft. On postoperative day 4, the patient presented with neurologic deficits in the left upper extremity. We removed the implant and made a superior angulation to decompress the brachial plexus. At 6 months postoperatively, callus bridging and consolidation were visible and all hand and elbow functions were fully recovered. Our case suggests that brachial plexus neuropathy may be caused by stretching and compression after reduction and straightening of the nonunion site around adhesions or scar tissue. Therefore, care should be taken whether there are the risk factors that can cause brachial plexus neuropathy when revision surgery is performed for treating nonunion of a clavicle shaft fracture.
Bony Callus ; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies ; Brachial Plexus ; Cicatrix ; Clavicle ; Elbow ; Hand ; Humans ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Risk Factors ; Transplants ; Upper Extremity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) blocker for the treatment of female voiding dysfunction (FVD) through a pressure-flow study. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Women aged ≥18 years with voiding symptoms, as defined by an American Urological Association symptom score (AUA-SS) ≥15 and a maximum flow rate (Qmax) < 15 mL/sec with a voided volume of >100 mL and/or a postvoid residual (PVR) volume >150 mL, were randomly allocated to either the alfuzosin or placebo group. After 8 weeks of treatment, changes in the AUA-SS, Bristol female lower urinary tract symptoms (BFLUTS) questionnaire, Qmax/PVR, and voiding diary were compared between groups. Patients’ satisfaction with the treatment was compared. Patients were categorized into 3 groups according to the Blaivas-Groutz bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) nomogram: none, mild, and moderate to severe. Subgroup comparisons were also made. RESULTS: Of a total of 187 women, 154 (79 alfuzosin, 75 placebo) were included in the analysis. After 8 weeks of treatment, the AUA-SS decreased by 7.0 in the alfuzosin group and by 8.0 in the placebo group. Changes in AUA-SS subscores, BFLUTS (except the I-sum), the voiding diary, and Qmax/PVR were not significantly different between groups. Approximately 54% of the alfuzosin group and 62% of the placebo group were satisfied with the treatment. No significant difference was observed between groups according to the presence or grade of BOO. CONCLUSIONS: Alfuzosin might not be more effective than placebo for treating FVD. The presence or the grade of BOO did not affect the results. A further study with sufficient power is needed to determine the efficacy of α1-AR blockers for the treatment of FVD.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Nomograms ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urodynamics

BACKGROUND: The Stoppa (intrapelvic) approach has been introduced for the treatment of pelvic-acetabular fractures; it allows easy exposure of the pelvic brim, where the bone quality is optimal for screw fixation. The purpose of our study was to investigate the surgical outcomes of unstable pelvic ring injuries treated using the Stoppa approach for stable anterior ring fixation. METHODS: We analyzed 22 cases of unstable pelvic ring injury treated with plate fixation of the anterior ring with the Stoppa approach. We excluded cases of nondisplaced rami fracture, simple symphyseal diastasis, and parasymphyseal fractures, which can be easily treated with other techniques. The average age of the study patients was 41 years (range, 23 to 61 years). There were 10 males and 12 females. According to the Young and Burgess classification, there were 12 lateral compression, 4 anteroposterior compression, and 6 vertical shear fracture patterns. The fracture location on the anterior ring was near the iliopectineal eminence in all cases and exposure of the pelvic brim was required for plate fixation. All patients were placed in the supine position. For anterior plate fixation, all screws were applied to the anterior ramus distally and directed above the hip joint proximally. Radiologic outcomes were assessed by union time and quality of reduction by Matta method. The Merle d'Aubigne-Postel score was used to evaluate the functional results. RESULTS: The average radiologic follow-up period was 16 months (range, 10 to 51 months). All fractures united at an average of 3.5 months (range, 3 to 5 months). According to the Matta method, the quality of reduction was classified as follows: 16 anatomical (73%) and 6 nearly anatomical (27%) reductions. There were no cases of screw or implant loosening before bone healing. The functional results were classified as 7 excellent (32%), 12 good (55%), and 3 fair (13%) by the Merle d'Aubigne-Postel score. There were no wound complications, neurovascular injuries, or other complications related to the surgical approach. CONCLUSIONS: Stable anterior ring fixation placed via the Stoppa approach can result in excellent reduction and stable screw fixation with a low complication rate.
Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/adverse effects/*methods ; Hip Fractures/*surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones/injuries/*surgery ; Pelvis/injuries/*surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To investigate the surgical outcomes of orthogonal locking compression plate fixation for distal humeral intraarticular fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 18 patients presenting a distal humeral intraarticular fracture who were treated with orthogonal locking compression plate fixation. According to the AO/OTA classification, there were eight C2 and ten C3 fractures. We evaluated radiologic outcomes, clinical results with range of motion, operation-related complications, and functional score by Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS). RESULTS: The a verage u nion t ime was 3.5 months, and there was no c ase of r eduction l oss of a rticular f racture at t he last follow-up. Additional surgical procedures were needed in the three cases of C3 fractures. There was one case of heterotrophic ossification and one case of K-wire irritation. The average range of motion of elbow joint was 7° to 122°, and functional results were graded as 14 excellent, three good, and one fair by MEPS. CONCLUSION: Anatomical reduction and internal fixation with orthogonal locking compression plate could provide satisfactory surgical outcomes for the treatment of distal humeral intraarticular fracture.
Classification ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; Intra-Articular Fractures* ; Range of Motion, Articular

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the surgical outcomes of unstable distal clavicular fractures treated with a 2.4 mm volar distal radius locking plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2009 to August 2012, 16 patients with distal clavicle fractures underwent surgical treatment. Mean age was 36 years (18-62 years) and mean follow-up period was 12.9 months (6-32 months). Two cases were Neer type I, six cases IIa, three cases IIb, three cases III, and two cases V. For the radiologic assessment, union time and metal failure were evaluated, and coracoidiologic assessment, union time and metal failure were evaluatethe acromioclavicular joint. The clinical results were evaluated by range of motion, postoperative complication, and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score. RESULTS: Mean time to fracture union was 7.4 weeks (6-14 weeks) in all cases. No statistical difference in coracoid-clavicle distance was observed between immediate post-operation group and contra-lateral group (p=0.6), but an increase of 2.1 mm was observed in the last follow up group compared with the contra-lateral group (p<0.01). The UCLA scoring system showed excellent results in 15 cases and good results in one case. Acromial-clavicle instability occurred in one case so that metal removal and distal clavicle resection were performed. CONCLUSION: A 2.4 mm volar distal radius locking plate can provide rigid fixation through several screw fixation in the short distal fragment and lead to satisfactory clinical outcomes in unstable distal clavicular fractures.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; California ; Clavicle* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; Radius* ; Range of Motion, Articular

There is a growing interest in the factors related to insufficiency fractures. We are going to report three insufficiency fracture cases which are considered to be caused by osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, steroid use and femoral shaft bowing among the patients not taking bisphosphonate. All cases are caused by low energy trauma and among these cases, one patient is being presented with a prodromal symptom and another patient complains of both prodromal symptoms and bilateral lesions.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Femur ; Fractures, Stress ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Prodromal Symptoms

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the results for clinical outcome and radiologic assessment of ceramic on ceramic cementless total hip arthroplasty using a 36 mm diameter femoral head. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included a group of 40 patients of 43 cases who underwent ceramic on ceramic cementless total hip arthroplasty using a 36 mm diameter femoral head. The age range of this group was 28 to 82(mean 56); we monitored them over a period of 5.3 years(3-7.5 years). This clinical evaluation process included monitoring the degree of pain, range of motion, and the Harris hip score after three years since the surgery was performed. Radiographic evaluation and complication were confirmed as well. RESULTS: The preoperative Harris hip score increased from 43.4(21-57) to 88.1(81-95) after the surgery. The average motion range of hip was 113degrees flexion, 30degrees abduction, 24degrees adduction, 36degrees external rotation, and 12degrees internal rotation. Subjective pain was zero or minimal in all cases. Among the complications, dislocation occurred in only one case by a fall from a height and was reduced by closed reduction. There was no occurrence of ceramic fracture, even though infection occurred in one hip. CONCLUSION: The clinical outcome and radiologic assessment of the ceramic on ceramic cementless total hip arthroplasty using a 36 mm diameter femoral head showed a satisfactory result at three-year follow-up. Longer-term follow up is needed for further assessment.
Arthroplasty ; Ceramics ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular