Background: and Purpose Previous research on patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has shown a 0.5% incidence of major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) requiring blood transfusion during hospitalization. The existing literature has insufficiently explored the long-term incidence in this population despite the decremental impact of GIB on stroke outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the data from a cohort of patients with AIS admitted to 14 hospitals as part of a nationwide multicenter prospective stroke registry between 2011 and 2013. These patients were followed up for up to 6 years. The occurrence of major GIB events, defined as GIB necessitating at least two units of blood transfusion, was tracked using the National Health Insurance Service claims data. Results: Among 10,818 patients with AIS (male, 59%; mean age, 68±13 years), 947 (8.8%) experienced 1,224 episodes of major GIB over a median follow-up duration of 3.1 years. Remarkably, 20% of 947 patients experienced multiple episodes of major GIB. The incidence peaked in the first month after AIS, reaching 19.2 per 100 person-years, and gradually decreased to approximately one-sixth of this rate by the 2nd year with subsequent stabilization. Multivariable analysis identified the following predictors of major GIB: anemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of ≥4. Conclusion Patients with AIS are susceptible to major GIB, particularly in the first month after the onset of AIS, with the risk decreasing thereafter. Implementing preventive strategies may be important, especially for patients with anemia and impaired renal function at stroke onset and those with a disabling stroke.

Background: and Purpose Previous research on patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has shown a 0.5% incidence of major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) requiring blood transfusion during hospitalization. The existing literature has insufficiently explored the long-term incidence in this population despite the decremental impact of GIB on stroke outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the data from a cohort of patients with AIS admitted to 14 hospitals as part of a nationwide multicenter prospective stroke registry between 2011 and 2013. These patients were followed up for up to 6 years. The occurrence of major GIB events, defined as GIB necessitating at least two units of blood transfusion, was tracked using the National Health Insurance Service claims data. Results: Among 10,818 patients with AIS (male, 59%; mean age, 68±13 years), 947 (8.8%) experienced 1,224 episodes of major GIB over a median follow-up duration of 3.1 years. Remarkably, 20% of 947 patients experienced multiple episodes of major GIB. The incidence peaked in the first month after AIS, reaching 19.2 per 100 person-years, and gradually decreased to approximately one-sixth of this rate by the 2nd year with subsequent stabilization. Multivariable analysis identified the following predictors of major GIB: anemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of ≥4. Conclusion Patients with AIS are susceptible to major GIB, particularly in the first month after the onset of AIS, with the risk decreasing thereafter. Implementing preventive strategies may be important, especially for patients with anemia and impaired renal function at stroke onset and those with a disabling stroke.

Background: and Purpose Previous research on patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has shown a 0.5% incidence of major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) requiring blood transfusion during hospitalization. The existing literature has insufficiently explored the long-term incidence in this population despite the decremental impact of GIB on stroke outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the data from a cohort of patients with AIS admitted to 14 hospitals as part of a nationwide multicenter prospective stroke registry between 2011 and 2013. These patients were followed up for up to 6 years. The occurrence of major GIB events, defined as GIB necessitating at least two units of blood transfusion, was tracked using the National Health Insurance Service claims data. Results: Among 10,818 patients with AIS (male, 59%; mean age, 68±13 years), 947 (8.8%) experienced 1,224 episodes of major GIB over a median follow-up duration of 3.1 years. Remarkably, 20% of 947 patients experienced multiple episodes of major GIB. The incidence peaked in the first month after AIS, reaching 19.2 per 100 person-years, and gradually decreased to approximately one-sixth of this rate by the 2nd year with subsequent stabilization. Multivariable analysis identified the following predictors of major GIB: anemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of ≥4. Conclusion Patients with AIS are susceptible to major GIB, particularly in the first month after the onset of AIS, with the risk decreasing thereafter. Implementing preventive strategies may be important, especially for patients with anemia and impaired renal function at stroke onset and those with a disabling stroke.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to elucidate the joint association between relative grip strength (RGS) and regular exercise participation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence, utilizing longitudinal data. Methods: A total of 1,702 participants in this study comprised general adults aged 51 to 88 years, who had engaged in the survey both in 2013 to 2018 and during the subsequent follow-up in 2019 to 2020. NAFLD were determined by using the hepatic steatosis index. RGS was determined using the JAMA-5030J1 equipment (SAEHAN). To validate the relationship between the interaction of RGS and regular exercise participation and its impact on risk of developing NAFLD, a proportional hazards Cox regression model was used. Subsequently, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for NAFLD. Results: In the non-regular exercise group, middle RGS and high RGS reduced the HR for NAFLD by 29% (HR,0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99) and 78% (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13–0.35), respectively, compared to low RGS. Significantassociations were observed only between high RGS and HR for NAFLD in the regular exercise group (HR, 0.40;95% CI, 0.22–0.72). Furthermore, in all subjects, both the high RGSon-regular exercise and high RGS/regular exercise groups showed a respective 60% (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29–0.56) and 54% (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31–0.63)lower HR for NAFLD compared to the low RGSon-regular exercise group. Conclusion This study investigates that high level of RGS were independently associated with reducing risk of developing NAFLD. RGS is an important factor that can predict the risk of developing NAFLD, and regular exercise participation is essential for increasing RGS.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to elucidate the joint association between relative grip strength (RGS) and regular exercise participation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence, utilizing longitudinal data. Methods: A total of 1,702 participants in this study comprised general adults aged 51 to 88 years, who had engaged in the survey both in 2013 to 2018 and during the subsequent follow-up in 2019 to 2020. NAFLD were determined by using the hepatic steatosis index. RGS was determined using the JAMA-5030J1 equipment (SAEHAN). To validate the relationship between the interaction of RGS and regular exercise participation and its impact on risk of developing NAFLD, a proportional hazards Cox regression model was used. Subsequently, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for NAFLD. Results: In the non-regular exercise group, middle RGS and high RGS reduced the HR for NAFLD by 29% (HR,0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99) and 78% (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13–0.35), respectively, compared to low RGS. Significantassociations were observed only between high RGS and HR for NAFLD in the regular exercise group (HR, 0.40;95% CI, 0.22–0.72). Furthermore, in all subjects, both the high RGSon-regular exercise and high RGS/regular exercise groups showed a respective 60% (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29–0.56) and 54% (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31–0.63)lower HR for NAFLD compared to the low RGSon-regular exercise group. Conclusion This study investigates that high level of RGS were independently associated with reducing risk of developing NAFLD. RGS is an important factor that can predict the risk of developing NAFLD, and regular exercise participation is essential for increasing RGS.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to elucidate the joint association between relative grip strength (RGS) and regular exercise participation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence, utilizing longitudinal data. Methods: A total of 1,702 participants in this study comprised general adults aged 51 to 88 years, who had engaged in the survey both in 2013 to 2018 and during the subsequent follow-up in 2019 to 2020. NAFLD were determined by using the hepatic steatosis index. RGS was determined using the JAMA-5030J1 equipment (SAEHAN). To validate the relationship between the interaction of RGS and regular exercise participation and its impact on risk of developing NAFLD, a proportional hazards Cox regression model was used. Subsequently, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for NAFLD. Results: In the non-regular exercise group, middle RGS and high RGS reduced the HR for NAFLD by 29% (HR,0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99) and 78% (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13–0.35), respectively, compared to low RGS. Significantassociations were observed only between high RGS and HR for NAFLD in the regular exercise group (HR, 0.40;95% CI, 0.22–0.72). Furthermore, in all subjects, both the high RGSon-regular exercise and high RGS/regular exercise groups showed a respective 60% (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29–0.56) and 54% (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31–0.63)lower HR for NAFLD compared to the low RGSon-regular exercise group. Conclusion This study investigates that high level of RGS were independently associated with reducing risk of developing NAFLD. RGS is an important factor that can predict the risk of developing NAFLD, and regular exercise participation is essential for increasing RGS.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different remineralization agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) on enamel and to confirm remineralization capacity through quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Sixty non-carious human third molars were divided into eight groups based on remineralization agents agents (control, Tooth Mousse plusTM, Apapro, BGS-7 bioglass) and application time (24 h, 2 weeks). Enamel surfaces were prepared and treated with agents, followed by demineralization and remineralization. Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) assessed fluorescence loss and recovery. After adhesive application and composite restoration, shear bond strength (SBS) was measured. Statistical analysis included Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, paired t-tests, Wilcoxon rank tests, and multiple comparison tests. SBS values did not show a significant difference between the groups according to the type and application time of the remineralization agents. QLF measurement, in the 24 h groups, showed no significant difference in the recovery amount between the groups. In the 2 week groups, a statistically significant difference was observed and the value was significantly higher in the BG group than that in the control group. There were no significant differences in the values based on the application time. Within the limitations of this study, bioactive glass showed higher remineralization ability than all the other experimental agents. The SBS was not affected by the remineralizing agent.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to elucidate the joint association between relative grip strength (RGS) and regular exercise participation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence, utilizing longitudinal data. Methods: A total of 1,702 participants in this study comprised general adults aged 51 to 88 years, who had engaged in the survey both in 2013 to 2018 and during the subsequent follow-up in 2019 to 2020. NAFLD were determined by using the hepatic steatosis index. RGS was determined using the JAMA-5030J1 equipment (SAEHAN). To validate the relationship between the interaction of RGS and regular exercise participation and its impact on risk of developing NAFLD, a proportional hazards Cox regression model was used. Subsequently, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for NAFLD. Results: In the non-regular exercise group, middle RGS and high RGS reduced the HR for NAFLD by 29% (HR,0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99) and 78% (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13–0.35), respectively, compared to low RGS. Significantassociations were observed only between high RGS and HR for NAFLD in the regular exercise group (HR, 0.40;95% CI, 0.22–0.72). Furthermore, in all subjects, both the high RGSon-regular exercise and high RGS/regular exercise groups showed a respective 60% (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29–0.56) and 54% (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31–0.63)lower HR for NAFLD compared to the low RGSon-regular exercise group. Conclusion This study investigates that high level of RGS were independently associated with reducing risk of developing NAFLD. RGS is an important factor that can predict the risk of developing NAFLD, and regular exercise participation is essential for increasing RGS.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to elucidate the joint association between relative grip strength (RGS) and regular exercise participation with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence, utilizing longitudinal data. Methods: A total of 1,702 participants in this study comprised general adults aged 51 to 88 years, who had engaged in the survey both in 2013 to 2018 and during the subsequent follow-up in 2019 to 2020. NAFLD were determined by using the hepatic steatosis index. RGS was determined using the JAMA-5030J1 equipment (SAEHAN). To validate the relationship between the interaction of RGS and regular exercise participation and its impact on risk of developing NAFLD, a proportional hazards Cox regression model was used. Subsequently, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for NAFLD. Results: In the non-regular exercise group, middle RGS and high RGS reduced the HR for NAFLD by 29% (HR,0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99) and 78% (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13–0.35), respectively, compared to low RGS. Significantassociations were observed only between high RGS and HR for NAFLD in the regular exercise group (HR, 0.40;95% CI, 0.22–0.72). Furthermore, in all subjects, both the high RGSon-regular exercise and high RGS/regular exercise groups showed a respective 60% (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29–0.56) and 54% (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31–0.63)lower HR for NAFLD compared to the low RGSon-regular exercise group. Conclusion This study investigates that high level of RGS were independently associated with reducing risk of developing NAFLD. RGS is an important factor that can predict the risk of developing NAFLD, and regular exercise participation is essential for increasing RGS.

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) may be associated with massive blood loss and the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. Intraoperative blood salvage autotransfusion (IBSA) can reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of blood salvage in LT. Methods: Among 355 adult patients who underwent elective living-donor LT between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022, 59 recipients without advanced hepatocellular carcinoma received IBSA using Cell Saver (CS group). Based on sex, age, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, preoperative laboratory results, and other factors, 118 of the 296 recipients who did not undergo IBSA were matched using propensity score (non-CS group). The primary outcome was the amount of intraoperative allogenic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Comparisons were made between the two groups regarding the amount of other blood components transfused and postoperative laboratory findings. Results: The transfused allogeneic RBC for the CS group was significantly lower than that of the non-CS group (1,506.0 vs. 1,957.5 ml, P = 0.026). No significant differences in the transfused total fresh frozen plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitate, and estimated blood loss were observed between the two groups. The postoperative allogeneic RBC transfusion was significantly lower in the CS group than in the non-CS group (1,500.0 vs. 2,100.0 ml, P = 0.039). No significant differences in postoperative laboratory findings were observed at postoperative day 1 and discharge. Conclusions Using IBSA during LT can effectively reduce the need for perioperative allogeneic blood transfusions without causing subsequent coagulopathy.