The comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay (CiPA) initiative, led by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), provides a framework for predicting drug-induced arrhythmia risk. To support domestic CiPA implementation, we evaluated the proarrhythmic risk of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. Sildenafil has been misused recreationally, with reports of highdose non-medical intake. To simulate misuse, in vitro assays were conducted using concentrations up to 100× the maximum therapeutic plasma concentration (Cmax). The assessment followed the three core components of the CiPA paradigm. Patch clamp assays were conducted in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK293) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transiently expressing Nav1.5, Cav1.2, and hERG ion channels. In silico modeling was performed using the CiPAORdv1.0 model based on IC₅₀ and Hill coefficient values. Functional evaluation included multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), and in vivo electrocardiography (ECG) analysis in rats was performed to observe QT interval prolongation. Sildenafil significantly inhibited hERG currents by 40.5% at 100× Cmax. In silico modeling predicted a low Torsades de Pointes (TdP) risk based on qNet biomarkers. In contrast, MEA recordings showed a concentration-dependent prolongation of corrected field potential duration (FPDc), with a significant 13.3% increase at 100× Cmax. The TdP risk estimated from MEA modeling was 64%. In vivo ECG analysis revealed significant QT prolongation at 50× Cmax. Despite low in silico TdP predictions, functional assays suggest that high concentrations of sildenafil as in misuse may pose a clinically relevant risk of QT prolongation and arrhythmia.

Purpose: This study explored current pediatric palliative care (PPC) in South Korea and suggests future directions based on the perspectives of full-time PPC workers. Methods: A mixed-methods secondary analysis was conducted using survey data from nurses and social workers involved in a government PPC project. The survey assessed services provided by hospitals, nurses, and social workers, and gathered perceptions of challenging tasks, evidence needs, the significance of PPC, and future expectations through open-ended questions. Data were analyzed using frequency and conventional content analyses. Results: Eighteen full-time workers from nine of the ten project hospitals participated. Eight hospitals provided pain and symptom management and all offered counseling and education for patients and parents. Only one provided respite care and legacy-making services. Bereavement care was offered in all hospitals primarily through individual counseling and there were also three self-help groups. Nurses have diverse roles including in practice, education, leadership, research, and consultation. Social workers address psychosocial and economic challenges, rehabilitation and social reintegration. The workers highlighted the challenges in end-of-life care and communication, stressing the need for protocols and further training.PPC was seen as meaningful by patients and families, as well as staff. Conclusion Despite significant progress in PPC in South Korea, quantitative capacity remains limited. Further qualitative improvements in policies, practices, human resource development, and healthcare training are essential. This study provides insights into current PPC practices and their limitations. The development of practical evidence to enhance employment stability warrants further investigation.

In a prehospital setting, the narrow therapeutic window of epinephrine necessitates its cautious administration to avoid anaphylaxis. In this case, a 46-year-old man presented severe anaphylactic symptoms. Following the standard protocol, the emergency medical technician (EMT) administered intramuscular epinephrine; however, symptoms persisted. Under the oversight of the emergency medical services (EMS) medical director, an additional intravenous bolus of epinephrine was administered, unfortunately leading to atrial fibrillation. This case underscores the potential risks of intravenous epinephrine, which is not typically recommended for anaphylaxis without continuous monitoring. Since 2019, Korea has initiated a pilot program to expand the EMT scope of practice, which gives them the authority to administer epinephrine for anaphylaxis. The ultimate decision regarding epinephrine use for anaphylaxis, emphasizing patient safety, rests with the EMS medical director. Proper training for EMTs, coupled with the EMS medical director’s comprehensive knowledge and meticulous protocol adherence, can ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes.

In a prehospital setting, the narrow therapeutic window of epinephrine necessitates its cautious administration to avoid anaphylaxis. In this case, a 46-year-old man presented severe anaphylactic symptoms. Following the standard protocol, the emergency medical technician (EMT) administered intramuscular epinephrine; however, symptoms persisted. Under the oversight of the emergency medical services (EMS) medical director, an additional intravenous bolus of epinephrine was administered, unfortunately leading to atrial fibrillation. This case underscores the potential risks of intravenous epinephrine, which is not typically recommended for anaphylaxis without continuous monitoring. Since 2019, Korea has initiated a pilot program to expand the EMT scope of practice, which gives them the authority to administer epinephrine for anaphylaxis. The ultimate decision regarding epinephrine use for anaphylaxis, emphasizing patient safety, rests with the EMS medical director. Proper training for EMTs, coupled with the EMS medical director’s comprehensive knowledge and meticulous protocol adherence, can ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the trend of nursing education and major research themes in the Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education (JKASNE) over 30 years. Methods: A total of 1,026 articles, published in the JKASNE from 1995 to 2023, were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel program for descriptive statistics and NetMiner for a word cloud of Korean keywords. Results: Most research subjects were healthy people (n=841). Education-related research topics (n=619) were categorized into nine domains: educational methods, educational curriculum, study type and methods, knowledge level and contents, psychosocial variables related to knowledge and education, attitude, behavior, development and evaluation of educational programs, and effects of educational programs. Quantitative (n=835) and descriptive studies (n=497) were determined to be the most common research designs. Self-reported questionnaires were the most common method used in surveys (n=581) and experimental studies (n=153). Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and other statistical techniques were used. The keywords in the JKASNE reflected various aspects of nursing research. General terms related to nursing education, such as "nursing students," "nurses," and "nursing education," appeared with high frequency, while more specific terms and phrases reflecting educational competencies and characteristics, such as "self-efficacy," "clinical performance ability," and "communication knowledge," were also prominently featured. Conclusion The JKASNE has published mainly education-focused papers. Analyzing the full set of papers published in JKASNE and examining their characteristics is very meaningful and helpful for the future development of Korean nursing education.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the trend of nursing education and major research themes in the Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education (JKASNE) over 30 years. Methods: A total of 1,026 articles, published in the JKASNE from 1995 to 2023, were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel program for descriptive statistics and NetMiner for a word cloud of Korean keywords. Results: Most research subjects were healthy people (n=841). Education-related research topics (n=619) were categorized into nine domains: educational methods, educational curriculum, study type and methods, knowledge level and contents, psychosocial variables related to knowledge and education, attitude, behavior, development and evaluation of educational programs, and effects of educational programs. Quantitative (n=835) and descriptive studies (n=497) were determined to be the most common research designs. Self-reported questionnaires were the most common method used in surveys (n=581) and experimental studies (n=153). Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and other statistical techniques were used. The keywords in the JKASNE reflected various aspects of nursing research. General terms related to nursing education, such as "nursing students," "nurses," and "nursing education," appeared with high frequency, while more specific terms and phrases reflecting educational competencies and characteristics, such as "self-efficacy," "clinical performance ability," and "communication knowledge," were also prominently featured. Conclusion The JKASNE has published mainly education-focused papers. Analyzing the full set of papers published in JKASNE and examining their characteristics is very meaningful and helpful for the future development of Korean nursing education.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the trend of nursing education and major research themes in the Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education (JKASNE) over 30 years. Methods: A total of 1,026 articles, published in the JKASNE from 1995 to 2023, were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel program for descriptive statistics and NetMiner for a word cloud of Korean keywords. Results: Most research subjects were healthy people (n=841). Education-related research topics (n=619) were categorized into nine domains: educational methods, educational curriculum, study type and methods, knowledge level and contents, psychosocial variables related to knowledge and education, attitude, behavior, development and evaluation of educational programs, and effects of educational programs. Quantitative (n=835) and descriptive studies (n=497) were determined to be the most common research designs. Self-reported questionnaires were the most common method used in surveys (n=581) and experimental studies (n=153). Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and other statistical techniques were used. The keywords in the JKASNE reflected various aspects of nursing research. General terms related to nursing education, such as "nursing students," "nurses," and "nursing education," appeared with high frequency, while more specific terms and phrases reflecting educational competencies and characteristics, such as "self-efficacy," "clinical performance ability," and "communication knowledge," were also prominently featured. Conclusion The JKASNE has published mainly education-focused papers. Analyzing the full set of papers published in JKASNE and examining their characteristics is very meaningful and helpful for the future development of Korean nursing education.

In a prehospital setting, the narrow therapeutic window of epinephrine necessitates its cautious administration to avoid anaphylaxis. In this case, a 46-year-old man presented severe anaphylactic symptoms. Following the standard protocol, the emergency medical technician (EMT) administered intramuscular epinephrine; however, symptoms persisted. Under the oversight of the emergency medical services (EMS) medical director, an additional intravenous bolus of epinephrine was administered, unfortunately leading to atrial fibrillation. This case underscores the potential risks of intravenous epinephrine, which is not typically recommended for anaphylaxis without continuous monitoring. Since 2019, Korea has initiated a pilot program to expand the EMT scope of practice, which gives them the authority to administer epinephrine for anaphylaxis. The ultimate decision regarding epinephrine use for anaphylaxis, emphasizing patient safety, rests with the EMS medical director. Proper training for EMTs, coupled with the EMS medical director’s comprehensive knowledge and meticulous protocol adherence, can ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes.

Background: Sleep apnea, characterized by interruptions in breathing during sleep, presents health risks and has been associated with various dietary patterns. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns, as measured by the Recommended Food Score (RFS), and the risk of sleep apnea, as assessed using the Berlin Questionnaire. Methods: A total of 11,586 adults from a general hospital in Korea were included in the analysis. Participants completed a questionnaire covering demographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary habits. Dietary quality was assessed using the RFS, while sleep apnea risk was evaluated using the Berlin Questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of RFS on sleep quality, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: Higher RFS was negatively correlated with sleep apnea risk (odds ratio=0.91 [95% confidence interval, 0.82–1.00, P=0.048)]. Significant positive associations were observed between male sex, low education level, marital status, smoking, drinking, inactivity, high blood pressure, high waist circumference, high levels of triglycerides, and poor sleep quality. Hematologic markers such as C-reactive protein levels and glutamic pyruvic transaminase also displayed significant associations with sleep quality. Conclusions This study contributes to our understanding of the complex interplay between diet, lifestyle, metabolic health, and sleep quality. These findings underscore the importance of dietary interventions in managing sleep apnea and highlight avenues for further research.

If drug excipients hypersensitivity is not accurately recognized, the patient is at risk of experiencing repeated hypersensitivity to various drugs. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edetic acid, EDTA), often found as an excipient in injectable drugs and topical agents.Herein, we report a patient who developed anaphylactic shock to an injection containing EDTA and subsequently experienced both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to EDTA. A 51-year-old female was referred due to perioperative anaphylaxis. It took the patient 2 hours to return to the ward after receiving general anesthesia. Immediately after returning to the ward, the patient received injections of Mucosten (Medica), Traumeel (Saehan), and Botropase (Han Lim), and within 1 minute she experienced an anaphylactic shock. The patient had drug allergy histories to computed tomography contrast agents and injectable drugs as well as repeated contact dermatitis histories to topical agents. A month later, the patient came to the outpatient clinic. As a result, intradermal test for perioperative drugs, Mucosten, and Dexamethasone (Daewon Pharm) were positive. In addition, the 48-hour delay test for Mucosten and Dexamethasone was also positive. Under the suspicion of additive hypersensitivity, skin prick test was performed for disodium acetate, an additive containing Mucosten and Dexamethasone, which showed a positive result. However, skin prick test for N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, a main compound of Mucosten, was negative. This case is a hypersensitivity reaction to EDTA, which was confirmed by drug skin tests. In addition, this case is meaningful in that immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to a single excipient appeared independently in the same patient.