BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have concentrated on high-dose radiation exposed accidentally or through therapy, and few involve low-dose occupational exposure, to investigate the correlation between low-dose ionizing radiation and changing hematological parameters among medical workers. METHODS: Using a prospective cohort study design, we collected health examination reports and personal dose monitoring data from medical workers and used Poisson regression and restricted cubic spline models to assess the correlation between changing hematological parameters and cumulative radiation dose and determine the dose-response relationship. RESULTS: We observed that changing platelet of 1265 medical workers followed up was statistically different among the cumulative dose groups (P = 0.010). Although the linear trend tested was not statistically significant (P CONCLUSION We concluded that although the exposure dose was below the limit, medical workers exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation for a short period of time might have increased first and then decreased platelets, and there was a dose-response relationship between the cumulative radiation dose and platelets changing.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Platelets/radiation effects* ; Female ; Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects* ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Exposure/adverse effects* ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Young Adult

Objective: To investigate the contamination, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of S. aureus from toilets of primary schools in Guangzhou. Methods: The surface samples of toilets were collected from eight primary schools in Guangzhou from May to July 2016. The standard microbiological assays, disk diffusion methods and PCR technique were used for the isolation and identification, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of S. aureus . Results: The contamination rate of S. aureus and MRSA was 6.25% and 3.13%, respectively. There was significant difference in the contamination rate of S. aureus among different sampling sites ( χ 2=15.15, P <0.01) and the highest contamination rate was on the ground (15.00%).The most predominant antibiotic for S. aureus was penicillin (100.00%) and the proportions of resistant to teicoplanin, erythromycin,rifampicin, clindamycin and linezolid were more than 75.00%.The multidrug resistant rate of S. aureus was 85.00%.The detection rate of virulence genes of S. aureus was sea (50.00%), tst (30.00%), etb (15.00%), eta (10.00%), seb (10.00%) and pvl (5.00%), respectively. Conclusion The contamination rate of S. aureus from toilets of primary schools in Guangzhou is in a lower level among similar researches. However, the contamination of MRSA is serious, which accounts for half of S. aureus . In addition, S. aureus isolates show high multi-drug resistant rate and high detection rate of virulence genes.

Objective: To investigate the distribution and drug resistance situation of staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from the classroom environments in primary schools of Guangzhou. Methods: The air and the surfaces of door handles, desks, chairs, light switches and floor were sampled in the classrooms of 8 primary schools selected through stratified clustering method in Guangzhou from May to June, 2016. SA and MRSA were isolated and identified, and drug sensitivity tests were conducted. Results: A total of 760 samples were collected, the detection rate of SA and MRSA were 8.8% and 4.2%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of staphylococcus aureus among different sampling sites(P<0.01).Detection of SA and MRSA on the floor,light’s witches and surface of deskes was both above 6.0%. The multiple drug resistance rate of MRSA was up to 100.0%, and the main resistance mode was Penicillin-Erythromycin-Rifampin-Tetracycline-Teicolanin. Conclusion MRSA can be detected in air, door handles, desk surface, chair surface, light switch and floor of primary schools. Relevant administration departments should pay attention to the environments health of Guangzhou primary schools.

Objective: To investigate the antibiotic resistance spectrum and genetic characteristics of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MDRSA) nasal isolate among primary school students, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of masal MDRSA resistance and the selection of clincal drugs in children. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility experiments were performed on all SA isolates of 1 705 primary school students from 8 primary schools in Guangzhou selected by using multistage cluster stratified sampling method. MDRSA antibiotic susceptibility spectrum was analyzed, and the resistant, virulence and immune evasion cluster(IEC) genes detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Results: The prevalence of MDRSA nasal carriage was 20.76%(354/1 705), and the proportion of multidrug resistance among SA isolates was 96.20%(354/368). The predominant resistant antibiotics of MDRSA isolates were penicillin(99.72%), erythromycin(96.33%), clindamycin(90.96%) and teicoplanin(90.11%). Notably, 240(67.80%, 240/354) MDRSA isolates were resistant to more than six antimicrobial categories. And the predominant detection rates of resistant genes were BlaZ(92.66%), Tet(M)(49.72%), virulence genes Tst(25.42%) and IEC genes Sak(92.09%), Hlb(61.58%). Conclusion We found high prevalence of nasal colonization MDRSA from healthy children. Moreover, MDRSA isolates has a high resistant rate to multiple antibiotics, and the proportion of resistant to ≥6 antimicrobial categories is high.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in a children's spe-cialty hospital in Guangzhou in 2014.Methods A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to investigate the preva-lence of HAI among all hospitalized patients on September 17,2014.Results A total of 997 patients were investiga-ted,30 patients developed 32 times of HAI,HAI rate and HAI case rate were 3.01% and 3.21% respectively. The main infection sites were upper respiratory tract(n= 11,34.38% );the departments with higher HAI prevalence rates were intensive care unit(ICU,3 .99% )and pediatric internal medicine department(3 .60% );the rate of etio-logical examination in patients with HAI accounted for 93 .33% ,a total of 24 strains of pathogens were isolated,6 of which were virus (25 . 00% ),6 were fungi (25 . 00% ),11 were bacteria (45 . 83% ),and 1 was Chlamydia (4.17% ). The main bacteria were Staphylococcusaureus (n= 3,27.27% )and Staphylococcusepidermidis (n= 3, 27.27% );a total of 451 (45.24% )patients received antimicrobial agents on the investigation day,67.41% of whom received therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents,19.73% received prophylactic use,and 12.86% received both therapeutic and prophylactic use;mono-drug application accounted for 82 .26% ,the percentage of bacterial de-tection among patients with therapeutic antimicrobial use (including combination of therapeutic and prophylactic use)was 82.60% .Conclusion Management of key departments and key sites of HAI should be strengthened in children's specialty hospital,antimicrobial agents should be used rationally,so as to protect the safety of children.

Objective:To understand the condition of the antibacterial drug utilization and the effects of these drugs on the nosocomial infections.Methods:The data of 44 patients of the nosocomial infections were in entry and statistical analysis with a software of pharmacoepidemiology.Results:In 44 cases,the frequency of antibacterial administration was 88.64％ before nosocomial infections,31.86％ for preventive purposes and 33.63％ for unreasonable application.Moreover,the microbiological assay and drug sensitive test were not done in 95.5 ％ of the cases before antibacterials taken.The nosocomial infections mosdy occured in the patients who took the drugs for a long time,the gastrointestinal infections standing first on the list.In 8 risk factors of the nosocomial infections,the constitutive ratio and afterwards infection rate of the broadspectrum antibacterial utilization were 29.06 ％ and 3.93 ％,ranking the first and the seventh,respectively.Conclution:Antibacterials are empirically used in clinic for both prevention and treatment with less attention to the microbiological assay and the drug sensitive test.The administration of antibacterials is a protective factor,and one of the risk factors for the nosocomial infections,too.

Objective:To understand the condition of the antibacterial drug utilization and the effects of these drugs on the nosocomial infections.Methods:The data of 44 patients of the nosocomial infections were in entry and statistical analysis with a software of pharmacoepidemiology.Results:In 44 cases,the frequency of antibacterial administration was 88.64％ before nosocomial infections,31.86％ for preventive purposes and 33.63％ for unreasonable application.Moreover,the microbiological assay and drug sensitive test were not done in 95.5 ％ of the cases before antibacterials taken.The nosocomial infections mosdy occured in the patients who took the drugs for a long time,the gastrointestinal infections standing first on the list.In 8 risk factors of the nosocomial infections,the constitutive ratio and afterwards infection rate of the broadspectrum antibacterial utilization were 29.06 ％ and 3.93 ％,ranking the first and the seventh,respectively.Conclution:Antibacterials are empirically used in clinic for both prevention and treatment with less attention to the microbiological assay and the drug sensitive test.The administration of antibacterials is a protective factor,and one of the risk factors for the nosocomial infections,too.

Objective:To analyze ADR distribution and the cost of treatment for ADR.Method:Original data of 126 ADR cases and of durgs used for the treatment of ADR were statistically analyzed;and the amount of money spent on drugs for treating ADR was calculated.Result:In 126 cases,ADRs caused by antibacterial drugs ranked first.The major clinical manifestations of ADR in decrease order of frequency were skin reactions,digestive system reactions,nervous system reactions and cardiovascular system reactions.Medium and se-vere reactions accounted for 71.4 ％;the mean duration was 11.13 days;and 13 kinds of drugs were used most fre-quently.The expense in drugs only was 117675.34 yuan,and the highest one used for a patient was 32315.89 yuan.Conclusion:It would be helpful to decrease the occurance of ADR and improve the pharmaceutical care through the drug safety monitoring and the analysis of ADR-related cost.

objective:To understand the relationship between digoxin toxicity and serum digoxin concentration.Methods:The criterion for diagnosis of digoxin toxicity was established.The serum digoxin concentration was measuredby fluorescence polarization immunoassay.Results:31 of 213 patients receiving digoxin were intoxicated.The incidence of toxicity was 14.5％.Conclusion:The occurence of digoxin toxicity is close related to serum digoxin levels,and the risk of digoxin toxicity is increased with the increase of serum digoxin concentration.

Objective:To analyze ADR distribution and the cost of treatment for ADR.Method:Original data of 126 ADR cases and of durgs used for the treatment of ADR were statistically analyzed;and the amount of money spent on drugs for treating ADR was calculated.Result:In 126 cases,ADRs caused by antibacterial drugs ranked first.The major clinical manifestations of ADR in decrease order of frequency were skin reactions,digestive system reactions,nervous system reactions and cardiovascular system reactions.Medium and se-vere reactions accounted for 71.4 ％;the mean duration was 11.13 days;and 13 kinds of drugs were used most fre-quently.The expense in drugs only was 117675.34 yuan,and the highest one used for a patient was 32315.89 yuan.Conclusion:It would be helpful to decrease the occurance of ADR and improve the pharmaceutical care through the drug safety monitoring and the analysis of ADR-related cost.