Cognitive dysfunction refers to dysfunction of individual perception,memory,understanding,learning,creation and other dysfunctions caused by abnormal brain function and structure.Based on the fact that the spleen can't regulate transportation and transformation,govern blood and send up essential substance,combined with the microbiota-gut-brain axis,this article discussed the etiology and pathogenesis of intestinal flora imbalance affecting cognitive dysfunction in TCM.It was proposed that the spleen in TCM and intestinal flora are connected in physiology and pathology:the spleen regulates spirit and governs cognition,when the spleen fails to function normally that it can't dominate transportation and transformation,govern blood and send up essential substance will cause that the brain spirit can not be nourished;intestinal flora is closely related to the spleen in TCM,and affects brain function through the nervous system,endocrine,immune and metabolic mechanisms.This article can provide explore new ideas for the clinical research and treatment of cognitive dysfunction of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of microRNA-133a-3p(miR-133a-3p)on invasion and apoptosis of breast cancer cells through targeted regulation of cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated 1(CAND1).Methods MCF-7 cells were divided into overexpression group(mimics miR-133 a-3p transfection),NC group(mimics control transfection),co-transfection group(mimics miR-133a-3p transfection with pcDNA-CAND1 co-transfection)and control group(only adding the same amount of transfection reagents).Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis,Transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion,and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect miR-133a-3p and CAND1 expression.Results After transfection,the expression levels of miR-133a-3p in control group,NC group,overexpression group and co-transfection group were 0.50±0.08,0.51±0.09,1.06±0.10 and 1.05±0.15,respectively;the expression of CAND1 mRNA were 0.91±0.09,0.91±0.07,0.80±0.10 and 1.21±0.10,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the co-transfection group and the control group,the NC group(all P＜0.05),and there were statistically significant differences between the overexpression group and the control group,the NC group(all P＜0.05).The apoptosis rates in control group,NC group,overexpression group and co-transfection group were(7.88±1.62)％,(8.87±2.01)％,(53.41±5.46)％,(29.54±3.78)％,respectively.The number of invasive cells in control group,NC group,overexpression group and co-transfection group were 161.02±10.31,155.87±12.30,85.21±9.11 and 118.37±10.84,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between transfection group and overexpression group,control group and NC group(all P＜0.05),and there were statistically significant differences between overexpression group and control group and NC group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Overexpression of miR-133a-3p in human breast cancer cells MCF-7 can inhibit CAND1 and promote apoptosis and invasion of MCF-7 cells.

China’s chronic disease management suffers from problems such as unclear institutional function， insufficient information technology application， and weak regulation support. On the basis of current chronic disease management condition in China， this paper proposes to apply the concept of “people-centered” integrated health management to community chronic disease management and discusses the content and procedure of establishing an integrated community-based chronic disease management model driven by massive databases. The model innovatively combines technology integration， data integration and service integration， and can accurately and efficiently realize the "people-centered" full-course health management of various chronic diseases. Shanghai has provided integrated community-based chronic disease management service for 1.98 million citizens through applying this model. The model warrants further effectiveness and economic evaluation. This study provides precious experience for the development of chronic disease prevention and treatment in China.

BACKGROUND: The Shexiang Baoxin Pill (MUSKARDIA) has been used for treating coronary artery disease (CAD) and angina for more than 30 years in China. Nevertheless, methodologically sound trials on the use of MUSKARDIA in CAD patients are scarce. The aim of the study is to determine the effects of MUSKARDIA as an add-on to optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with stable CAD. METHODS: A total of 2674 participants with stable CAD from 97 hospitals in China were randomized 1:1 to a MUSKARDIA or placebo group for 24 months. Both groups received OMT according to local tertiary hospital protocols. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure, peripheral revascularization, angina stability and angina frequency. RESULTS: In all, 99.7% of the patients were treated with aspirin and 93.0% with statin. After 2 years of treatment, the occurrence of MACEs was reduced by 26.9% in the MUSKARDIA group (MUSKARDIA: 1.9% vs. placebo: 2.6%; odds ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.45-1.07; P  = 0.2869). Angina frequency was significantly reduced in the MUSKARDIA group at 18 months (P = 0.0362). Other secondary endpoints were similar between the two groups. The rates of adverse events were also similar between the two groups (MUSKARDIA: 17.7% vs. placebo: 17.4%, P = 0.8785). CONCLUSIONS: As an add-on to OMT, MUSKARDIA is safe and significantly reduces angina frequency in patients with stable CAD. Moreover, the use of MUSKARDIA is associated with a trend toward reduced MACEs in patients with stable CAD. The results suggest that MUSKARDIA can be used to manage patients with CAD. TRIAL REGISTRATION chictr.org.cn, No. ChiCTR-TRC-12003513.
Angina Pectoris ; China ; Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy* ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The balloon dilatation technique plays an important role in the correction of kyphosis. A balloon catheter can enlarge the spinal cavity in kyphoplasty followed by injection of bone cement under low pressure to lay a foundation for the stability of the spine. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of balloon dilation with injectable calcium sulfate cement for tibial plateau fractures and to analyze its clinical effect. METHODS: Twenty-four upper tibia specimens of the adults were taken to make the Schatzker Ⅲ collapsed fracture model of the tibial plateau. Then, these specimens were randomized into three groups: the standard group was subjected to poking reduction with autologus bone grafting and screw internal fixation, the bone cement group was inflated with balloon dilatation followed by calcium sulfate cement injection, and the combined group was treated with fixation with cancellous bone screws and balloon dilatation followed by injection of calcium sulfate cement. The general situation of reduction and fixation was observed and the reduction effect was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Fixation effect in the model: All three models were well reset, and the average displacement of the standard group, the simple bone cement group and the bone cement screw group was (-0.22±0.62), (-0.23±0.67), and (-0.20±0.69) mm, respectively. There was no significant difference in the displacement between the three groups (P ＞ 0.05). (2) Clinical application: One case of Schatzker type Ⅱ fracture of the left tibial plateau was treated with cancellous bone screw fixation and balloon dilatation followed by injection of calcium sulfate cement. X-ray results showed calcium sulfate cement was visible at 3 postoperative days. At 30 postoperative days, the patient presented with good joint range of motion, and the calcium sulfate was partially absorbed on the X-ray film. At 60 postoperative days, the patient appeared to have no joint extension disorder, and fracture healing and absorption of calcium sulfate as shown by X-rays. To conclude, the balloon dilation with injectable calcium sulfate cement for the treatment of tibial plateau fracture is feasible and has clinical value.

OBJECTIVETo study in vitro sperm damage caused by trichloroethylene in male rats.

METHODSSperms of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were collected 4 hours after being contaminated by trichloroethylene of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mmol/L in vitro. Giemsa staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of sperms, and flow cytometer was used to detect the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential.

RESULTSThe sperm motilities in 6, 8, and 10 mmol/L trichloroethylene groups decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P <0.01); the sperm aberration rates in 8 and 10 mmol/L trichloroethylene groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01). With the increase in exposure dose, the proportion of sperms with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential increased, and there were significant differences in sperm apoptosis rate between the 4, 6, 8, and 10 mmol/L trichloroethylene groups and control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn vitro exposure to trichloroethylene can reduce sperm motility and increase the aberration rate and apoptosis rate of sperms in male SD rats.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Male ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Spermatozoa ; cytology ; drug effects ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity

Objective To explore clinical outcomes of patients undergoing emergent coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)following failed percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in the stent era.Methods Eleven patients who underwent emergent CABG following failed PCI from January,2002 to December 2010 were enrolled.The in-hospital follow-up included cardiac deaths,Q-wave myocardial infarction,kidney failure,and cerebrovascular events.The clinical end-point of out-hospital follow-up was the major adverse cardiac events including death,myocardial infarction,and target lesion revascularization.Results The patients were(61 ±.5)years old.Coronary angiography showed 5 patients had triple vessel lesions.There were 9 target lesions on left anterior descending antery.There were 3(27.3％)severe calcified,4(36.4％)chronic total occlusion,and 4(36.4％)diffused long lesions.Reasons for emergent CABG were dissection (n =5,45.5％),perforation(n =3,27.3％),failure to sufficient predilation(n =1,9.1％),acute closure(n =1,9.1％)and stent loss(n =1,9.1％).The average duration of follow-up was(47 ± 33)months.During in-hospital follow-up,there were 1(9.1％)cardiac death and 2(18.2％)Q wave myocardial infarction.During follow-up after hospital discharge,1 patient(9.1％)died of kidney failure,and there was no rehospitalization due to cardiac events.Conclusions Emergent CABG after failed PCI often happened in patients with complex coronary lesions.The long term outcome of patients requiring emergent CABG after failed PCI was favorable in this cohort.

This study was to investigate the antiviral effects of a hot water soluble extract S-03 isolated from Isatis indigotica root on different subtypes of influenza A and B viruses in MDCK cell cultures, using plaque reduction, immunofluorescence and hemo-agglutination inhibition (HAD) assays. Chemical analysis of the extract S-03 showed that it contained high proportion of polysaccharides. The antiviral effects in vitro showed that the S-03 had no effect on different influenza viruses if the drug was used before virus adsorption, but S-03 showed obvious activities against influenza viruses if treatment after virus adsorption or direct reaction of drug and virus before virus adsorption. Hemagglutination inhibition assay showed that S-03 inhibited HA activities of different human influenza viruses (inhibition concentration ranged from 3.12 to 25 mg/mL), avain influenza viruses (inhibition concentration ranged from 25 to 50 mg/mL). The antiviral effects of S-03 on different influenza A and B viruses in vitro might be through the inhibition of the HA to prevent infection.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dogs ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Influenza A virus ; drug effects ; Influenza B virus ; drug effects ; Isatis ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots

Combined deficiency of factor V and VIII (F5F8D) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations of either lman1 or mcfd2. To identify mutations of these two genes in a Chinese F5F8D family, the samples of peripheral blood were collected from the proband and her parents. Coagulation tests were carried out, including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (Fg) and coagulate activity of FV, FVIII (FV:C, FVIII:C). The genomic DNA was extracted, then all the exons and intron/exon boundaries of these two genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The products were finally analyzed by direct sequencing. The results showed that the proband's APTT, PT, TT, Fg, FV:C and FVIII:C were 82.2 sec, 19.6 sec, 18.6 sec, 2.9 g/L, 7.1% and 18.7% respectively, while those parameters of the parents were all within the normal range. Two pathogenic mutations were identified in lman1 gene of the proband: one was the heterozygous c.912_913insA in exon 8 resulting in a frameshift of p.Glu305fsX20; the other was the heterozygous c.1366C > T in exon 11 resulting in p.Arg456X. The proband's father and mother were heterozygous for c.1366C > T and c.912_913insA respectively. It is concluded that F5F8D of the proband is caused by a novel compound heterozygous mutation of the lman1 gene, which has never been reported.
Child ; Exons ; Factor V ; genetics ; Factor V Deficiency ; etiology ; genetics ; Factor VIII ; genetics ; Female ; Hemophilia A ; etiology ; genetics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Mannose-Binding Lectins ; genetics ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; Pedigree

Inherited afibrinogenemia is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disease characterized by complete absence of fibrinogen in blood. To identify the genotype in a Chinese family with inherited afibrinogenemia, the samples of peripheral blood were collected from 6 members of 3 generations. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (Fg, clauss) were tested. Fg was also analyzed by using immunoturbidimetry method. DNAs of six members were extracted by using a DNA extract kit. All the exons and exon-intron boundaries of the three fibrinogen genes were amplified by using PCR and analyzed by direct sequencing. The results showed that the parents of proband were 3 degree consanguinity. A homozygous c.934_935insA in FGA was found in proband which results in the change of protein p.Ser312fsX42. The parents, grandmother, maternal grandmother and father's sister were all detected with heterozygous mutation which was same as that in proband. In conclusion homozygous c.934_935insA in FGA is a cause of inherited afibrinogenemia and a novel mutation being reported.
Afibrinogenemia ; etiology ; genetics ; Child ; Exons ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; genetics ; Frameshift Mutation ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree